THE FLORIST AND FOMOLOGIST. 
[June, 
84 
no strong objection could be urged against it, 
if lie did not (like Mr. Groom) inconsistently 
append other conditions which alter the whole 
figure. Thus he says:— u The cup of the 
flower should be composed of six thick, fleshy 
petals, which should run out from the centre 
at first a little horizontally, and then turn up¬ 
wards, forming almost a perfect cup with a 
round bottom, rather wider at the top.” How 
a cup can be round in the bottom, and at the 
same time horizontal, Mr. Slater does not ex¬ 
plain, and beyond these remarks, it would be 
futile to follow him. 
The next authority we shall consult is Mr. 
Glenny. In a long article, ‘ On the Properties 
of the Tulip,’ in the Gardener's Gazette (1841, 
page 27), he gives the following as a rule 4 laid 
down by Mr. Heming, in 1832, and adopted by 
the Metropolitan Society some time afterwards ’: 
—‘The cup should form, when quite expanded, 
one-third of a hollow ball.’ In support of this 
form, he reasons thus, both in the place above 
cited, and in the Gardener and Practical Florist 
(1843, page 152):—‘All fanciers know that 
the beauty of a Tulip depends on the entire 
inside surface, for a blemish there destroys it. 
They know, too, that unless the entire inside 
surface can be seen at once, it must be seen 
under a disadvantage. It is clear, then, that to 
be enabled to see all the inside at once, the 
top of the cup must be largest, and any turn 
inwards at the top of the cup would hide part 
of the beauty, and particularly of many 
feathered tulips, where the principal pencilling 
is near the top. We arrive thus easily at one 
point, namely, that the flower must expand 
enough to open the internal beauties to the 
spectator ; and if there be more than one-third 
of the circle, it will not do this effectually. 
One moment’s observation will convince; 
though one-third is perfect, half a ball 
would not be materially worse, but it 
would be worse, for the depth would be one 
objection. The consequent uprightness of the 
petals near the top would deprive us of the 
perfect sight of the feathering, and forms a 
second objection. If there be any more than 
half, say, two-thirds, the tops would turn in, 
and the depth would be still greater ; but it 
must be kept in mind that we speak of the 
form when expanded. The Tulip which ex¬ 
pands more, must be flat and uninteresting; 
that which does not expand so much, is in¬ 
effective. As to whether the circle is better 
than the shoulder or the elliptic, there cannot 
be two opinions, after due consideration, for the 
circular sweep is more graceful than a shoulder, 
and shows the character far better (particularly 
towards the upper part of the petals), than an 
elliptic, for the sides are not so upright.” 
I have quoted Mr. Glenny’s opinions thus 
fully, because some of the principles here set 
forth are important to a satisfactory solution 
of our inquiry; and although his conclusions are 
not invariably well founded, yet the great atten¬ 
tion he has evidently bestowed on the subject, 
and the zeal he has uniformly displayed in pro¬ 
moting the improvement of our taste for correct 
forms, entitle his observations to our attentive 
consideration.—G. W. Hardy, Warrington. 
(To be continued.) 
PEA PESTS. 
MONGST our garden vegetables, there 
are few that take a higher place in 
popular estimation than the different 
varieties of the Garden Pea; and with the ex¬ 
ception of the inroads of mildew on the late 
summer crops, they are tolerably free from the 
“ ills ” to which cultivated vegetables are sub¬ 
ject. Occasionally, however, the crops suffer 
from the attacks of certain insect pests, some 
of which are so minute as to almost escape 
notice, except through the disastrous results 
which they bring about. 
An interesting series of articles on these 
pests of our Pea crops, written by Professor 
Westwood, was published last year in the 
Gardeners' Chronicle , from which source we 
borrow the following notes respecting them, 
with the accompanying illustrations. 
The Pea Midge (Fig. A), the Cecidom jia Pisi 
of entomologists, is one of a group of delicately- 
formed, fragile insects, whose bodies and legs 
are of considerable length, and so feeble that 
the latter break off at the slightest touch. 
This midge has been found to be very injuri¬ 
ous to the pea-pods during the summer months. 
Professor Westwood writes 
“On looking over a row of the Premier Pea, we found 
many of the pods near the upper part of the.plants 
shrivelled, blackened, and distorted, and on opening 
them some were found coated inside with blackish 
mould in parts, with the Peas more or less abortive; 
whilst on the inner surface of the pods and on the Peas 
themselves, were found a great number of minute 
white or yellowish maggots. In some cases the pods 
and inclosed Peas were well formed, but swarming 
with the little parasites, of which we counted more 
than 150 in one pod ; and in another pod the number 
was still greater, giving the appearance shown in 
our figure, except that the little maggots, represented 
by short black lines, are in reality almost colourless. 
In the upper part of our figure, on the left-hand 
side, is given a magnified view of one of these 
maggots, which, when full grown (as shown in 
the small circle), are about one-twelfth of an inch in 
length. In the next figure is shown the front of the 
body, the head terminated by a small, somewhat 
conical joint, with two very minute points; and 
beneath this is shown the extremity of the body, 
•with tw r o pairs of small obtuse points. These little 
larvae crawl about with considerable ease, notwith¬ 
standing their want of legs, by the assistance of the 
points at each end of the body. They have also the 
