October 10, 1885. 
THE GAKDENING WORLD 
93 
in the process of lifting, and make a series of incisions 
on the main roots to encourage the emission of young 
roots prior to covering the same with the compost indi¬ 
cated to the thickness of 6 ins., and before treading 
this slightly, take hold of the tree by the stem and give 
it a few gentle pulls in an upward direction, so as to 
admit of the soil getting well among the roots. This 
done, give sufficient water to settle the former about 
the latter. Damp the trees thus planted morning and 
afternoon during bright days, so that they may retain 
their leaves sufficiently long to admit of the roots taking 
to the soil before they fall, and with the same object 
in view, the trees should be shaded from the effects of 
bright sunshine for a week or two.— H. W. JVard, 
Longford Castle. 
THE KITCHEN GARDEN. 
Ordinary "Work. —Any blanks which may be found 
in the rows.of recently planted Cabbages, should be 
filled up forthwith with plants of the proper varieties. 
Look well after grubs, which are sometimes very de¬ 
structive to the roots of these plants, their presence at 
the roots being easily detected by the sickly appearance 
of the leaves. Let Celery be well earthed up, so that 
in the event of frost, as little of the stems may be 
exposed as possible, but keep the soil out of the hearts 
of the plants. With this object in view, it will be 
necessary to be provided with a good stock of dry Fern 
or other like material, with which to protect such things 
as Lettuce, Endive, Celery, &c., from the frost. Cauli¬ 
flowers and Broccolis too, which are now coming in, 
should be either lifted and stored away out of the reach 
of frost, or have the leaves bent over the head, which 
will effectually protect them from injury from a few 
degrees of frost, of which we have had three and four 
degrees respectively, on the nights of the 26th and 27th 
ultimo, just sufficient to bring the preparations for the 
advent of that, at this time of the year, unwelcome 
visitor to an immediate completion. 
Frame Ground. —The plants in this department 
should have the sashes and shutters placed over them 
at night whenever frost is apprehended. From the 
time that plants of this description (Cauliflower, Lettuce, 
&c.) are planted in their winter quarters, until they are 
finally transplanted in the spring, they should have all 
the air that it is possible to give them during fine 
weather, in order to insure a sturdy growth, which will 
enable them the better to withstand the effects of 
winter.— H. IF. lVard, Longford Castle. 
-- 
ORCHID NOTES AND GLEANINGS. 
Settling down for the Winter.—Many things 
get shifted about during the summer for convenience, 
and a number of plants which are by many put into 
the cold house during that season still remain there, 
and must at once be removed to the quarters they are 
to occupy during winter. It is better to see to this at 
once while there is yet but little artificial heat being 
employed, the houses in consequence being more alike 
in temperature than they will be later on. The 
removal of the plants to other houses can now be done 
without risk of their feeling the change. Foremost 
among the plants which are lost in the cold Odonto- 
glossum house in winter, stand Odontoglossum vex- 
illarium, 0. Roezlii, and 0. phalaenopsis. These, it 
should be understood, are not safe in the cold house 
after this, and it is questionable if they are not best in a 
shady intermediate house all the year, and they should 
therefore be removed to the coolest and shadiest part 
of the intermediate house, where a quiet corner out of 
the reach of cold currents of air should be selected for 
them. "With these plants, and many others which are 
hardly fit for the cold house all the year round, there 
is more in selecting a convenient spot where the atmos¬ 
phere is fairly moist, and but slight in variation, than 
in the extra amount of heat given. 
Bolleas, Pescatoreas, and Batemannias are sometimes 
put in the cold house in summer, and these too should 
be removed to a like situation to that given to 0. 
vexillarium &c. These are never cold house plants, 
but require an even intermediate temperature all the 
year, shade, moisture, and a genial temperature being 
the chief essentials at all seasons. The Paphinias, 
Houlletias, and Miltonia "Warscewiczii should also be 
wintered with 0. vexillarium. 
Masdevallia chimeera, and all those belonging to the 
same section, and M. tovarense I have proved by ex¬ 
perience to be not so hardy as the varieties of M. 
Harryana ; and although they are in some gardens 
successfully wintered with the Odontoglossum Alex¬ 
andra, it is better to give them a place in a house which 
is slightly warmer than that in which the cold house 
plants are kept. 
Odontoglossum citrosmum, 0. cirrosum, 0. grande, 0. 
Insleayii, 0. Schleiperianum, 0. maxillare (madrense), 
Maxillaria venusta, M. grandiflora, all the Anguloas, 
Zygopetalums, Lycastes, and Miltonias are not safe in 
the cold house where it is kept down to the lowest 
prescribed temperature, and, therefore, it will be wise 
to place them in a cool part of an intermediate house 
from henceforth until the early part of next summer. 
It is better to be on the safe side, and not to risk 
getting things chilled during the winter, as if such 
takes place they take years to recover, and in many 
cases never get round again. 
On the other hand excessive heat in winter is a pro¬ 
lific source of loss among small growing things, such as 
Tricocentrums, Burlingtonias, Rodriguezias, and many 
other dwarf Brazilian species. A cool part of the inter¬ 
mediate house is warm enough for all such, and a very 
safe place to winter them, so as to bring them into the 
spring sound and vigorous. 
Oncidium Marshallianum, 0. crispum, 0. Forbesii, 
0. Gardnerianum, and all that section, O. macranthum, 
0. varicosum, 0. incurvum, Sophronitis grandiflora, and 
the others usually associated with them, will, if they 
have been previously kept cool, winter best in the cold 
house, unless it is anticipated that that house may fall 
below the usual limit, in which case a slightly warmer 
house should be found for them. During the progress 
of the work never let a dirty or shaky plant pass 
through the hands without being cleaned, or, if in bad 
stuff, repotted ; and let me advise all who have plants 
which have thriven for any length of time under 
circumstances, however apparently different from the 
treatment usually recommended, not to alter their 
method of dealing with them to suit anyone’s views, as 
in all probability there are points in their present 
treatment of these exceptional cases which practically 
bring them within the meaning of the rules generally 
found successful with such things, and recommended 
by growers, and which they would fail to improve on 
if they attempted to follow literally the instructions 
given. It is as bad a plan to shift about a thing that 
is doing well as it is to let one alone which is doing 
badly .—James O'Brien. 
-- 
THE INTERNATIONAL POTATO 
SHOW. 
The eleventh International Potato Exhibition, which 
was opened by the Lord Mayor on Wednesday after¬ 
noon, was something more than a surprise to its organ¬ 
isers, and to growers generally—for contrary to general 
expectation, it was a most gratifying success. Not so 
large in extent as some previous displays, owing in the 
main, perhaps, to the absence of the class for eighteen 
varieties, which at former shows always brought good 
entries, the Exhibition, nevertheless, comprised some 
2,040 dishes, so that there was little to complain of on 
that score. As to the quality of the tubers, however, 
it was affirmed, and correctly, by growers who have 
attended all the exhibitions, that finer have never been 
seen at any show, and except that many samples were 
on the small side, as after such a dry season all were 
expected to be, the average good quality all through 
was most noticeable. As on a former occasion, the 
most successful exhibitor was Mr. J. Hughes, gardener 
to Colonel Cartwright, Byfield, Northampton, whose 
samples all round, for size, combined with clear skins 
and freedom from blemishes of any kind, were truly 
remarkable. His collection of twenty-four dishes, and 
with which he was an easy first, good as were those of 
many of his rivals, comprised the following fine sorts 
Adirondack, Schoolmaster, Sutton’s Reading Russett, 
Blanchard, Queen of the Valley, Sutton’s First and 
Best, The Dean, London Hero, Lord Roseberry, Sut¬ 
ton s Favourite, Beauty of Hebron, Cosmopolitan, 
Fidler’s Prolific, Snowdrop, Vicar of Laleham, Sutton’s 
Early Regent, Crimson Beauty, M.P., Rufus, Chan¬ 
cellor, Edgcote Purple, Edgcote Seedling, Sutton’s 
Prizetaker, and Woodstock Kidney. There were four¬ 
teen competitors in this class. 
"With twelve varieties there were eleven competitors, 
and here another well-known and successful exhibitor, 
came to the front, Mr. C. Howard, Bridge, Canterbury, 
who had large, clean-skinned, smooth samples of Duke 
of Albany, The Dean, Chancellor, Vicar of Laleham, 
Ashtop Fluke, Beauty of Hebron, Vermont Champion, 
Adirondack, Magnet, Reading Russet, Schoolmaster, 
and Mr. Bresee. The best of seventeen collections of 
six sorts came from Air. Hughes, remarkably good 
examples of Reading Russett, London Hero, Snowdrop, 
Chancellor, First and Best, and Edgcote Purple. 
The best three white rounds came from Mr. R. Dean 
(whose seedlings held a good position in most of the 
collections), perfect samples of Schoolmaster, London 
Hero, and Harvester, the two last-named being of his 
own raising. In the corresponding class for coloured 
rounds, Mr. L. Stanton, Maidford House, Towcester, 
easily beat all competitors with his grand examples of 
Vicar of Laleham, Reading Russet, and Adirondack. 
The highest prize for three white kidneys went to Mr. 
E. S. Wiles, gardener to R. A. Cartwright, Esq., 
Edgcote Park, Banbury, for Snowdrop, Cosmopolitan, 
and Edgcote Seedling, and the same competitor also 
took the first prize in the next class, which was for 
coloured kidneys, with Sutton’s Prizetaker, Edgcote 
Purple, and Mr. Bresee, all of unexceptionable quality. 
In the single dish classes the best white round of 
English origin was Schoolmaster, followed by Prime 
Minister and Chancellor ; another best coloured round 
of English origin, Vicar of Laleham and Reading Russett. 
In similarclassesforwhiteand coloured Kidneys, the best 
in the former was Dean’s Chancellor, and in the latter 
Dean’s Cardinal, Snowdrop following the first named, 
and Edgcote Purple the second. Chancellor followed 
by Fidler’s Prolific, and Doctor were also adjudged to 
be the best new white skinned varieties in the order 
named. For Messrs. Carter’s prizes for half a dozen 
sorts to include Cosmopolitan, Sukreta, and Ashtop 
Fluke, there were only two competitors and the first 
prize went to Mr. James Lye, gardener, Clyffe Hall, 
Market Lavington. 
The miscellaneous class, which is generally an impor¬ 
tant one at the annual gathering, owing to the large 
contributions made to it by the leading London and 
Provincial seed firms, was this year shorn of some of its 
more imposing features, such firms as Messrs. Sutton & 
Sons, Messrs. Daniels’ Brothers, and Messrs. Hooper & 
Co. being unrepresented on this occasion. Messrs. 
Carter & Co., as usual, were well to the fore with a 
representative collection of the leading commercial va¬ 
rieties, shown in bulk, conspicuous amongst them being 
an enormous white kidney named Imperator, the new 
Sukreta, and the peculiarly rough-skinned red round 
named the Village Blacksmith. The firm had also a 
sample of several promising seedlings that they still have 
under probation. Messrs. Edward Webb & Sons, W ords- 
ley, had a fine collection of about 70 sorts, all the leading 
varieties represented by clean well-grown samples. 
Messrs. Harrison & Sons, Leicester, staged a good col¬ 
lection of sorts, all grown under ordinary field culture. 
Air. Thomas Laxton showed a collection of twenty-two 
seedlings, all raised from leading market sorts ; and 
from Alessrs. J. Cheal & Sons, Crawley, came samples 
of a white kidney named Crawley Prolific, and which 
has proved, after 5 years’ cultivation, to be an immense 
cropper, a good keeper, and of good quality. Air. C. 
Fidler, Friar Street, Reading, also staged a large col¬ 
lection, consisting of some 108 sorts, all grown under 
field culture, and including Fidler’s Giant, a white 
kidney of enormous proportions. 
At the termination of the opening ceremony, the 
Lord Mayor, supported by the Lady Alayoress, and the 
Sheriffs of London and Aliddlesex, presided over the 
luncheon, at which the usual toasts were given and 
received with much enthusiasm ; Air. Shirley Hibberd 
in responding to the toast of the da}', “Success to the 
International Potato Exhibition,” giving a succint 
account of the committee’s work since its formation, 
and the holding of the first show at the Alexandra 
Palace. 
-- 
CRYSTAL PALACE FRUIT SHOW. 
In conjunction with the great annual Potato show, 
noticed in the proceeding columns, the Crystal Palace 
Company organised a display of Hardy Fruits, Apples 
and Pears, &c., Vegetables, Gourds, Pumpkins, &c., 
and the excellent prizes offered brought forth a good 
competition in all the classes, Apples were specially 
