December 12, 1885. 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
227 
Roses for the Gardening World. 
M. RUMSEY is now offering TWELVE 
MOST BEAUTIFUL PERPETUAL DWARF on 
BUSH ROSES, in 12 leading sorts, strong well-rooted plants, 
package and postage free for Ss. Twenty-five, in 15 sorts, for 
15s. 67. Fifty, in 25 sorts, for 30s. One Hundred, in 50 sorts, 
for 50s. Standards, a splendid selection, extra fine plants, ISs. 
per doz. ; £6 5s. per 100. Half-Standards, a splendid selec¬ 
tion, extra fine plants, 12s. and 15s. per doz.; £5 per 100. ROSES 
IN POTS FOR FORCING, 24s., 30s., 36s., and 42s. per doz. 
All packing free (except pot Boses). Cash accompanying order, and 
plants added to compensate for distant carriage. 
Descriptive Catalogue now ready, gratis, and post free. 
JOYNING’S NURSERIES, WALTHAM CROSS, N. 
FOREST TREES. 
One of the largest stocks in Europe ; quality unsur¬ 
passed ; prices favourable to buyers; trees hardy; 
roots abundant. 
Catalogues and all information on application. 
LITTLE & BALLANTYNE, 
BY SPECIAL WARRANT 
Nurserymen and Seedsmen to the Queen, and Wood 
Foresters to the Crown, 
National Chrysanthemum Society. 
T he grand exhibition for 1886, 
will be held at the Royal Aquarium, Westminster, on 
Wednesday and Thursday, November 10th and lltli. 
Particulars and applications to WILLIAM HOLMES, Hon. Sec., 
Frampton Park Nursery, Hackney. 
CONTENTS. 
/Endes Sanderiana. 
Amateurs’ Garden, the_ 
Apprentice system, the .. 
Boilers .'. 
Calanthe porpliyrea . 236 
Chrysanthemum House, a. 235 
Chrysanthemums in the 
open air. 235 
Chrysanthemums, judging 235 
Dahlias, reminiscences of 
the. 232 
Fern Fronds, drying. 233 
Flowers and Philanthropy 22!) 
Gardeners’ Calendar. 236 
Gardening Miscellany .... 22S 
Gigantic Flowers . 235 
Grape, Gros Guillaume 
(illustrated) . 232 
Hibiscus Lambertiana .... 235 
Horticultural Societies .. 237 
Irises (illustrated) . 228 
Lfelia autumnalis atro- 
rubens . 236 
PAGE 
Light, influence of, on 
plants. 228 
Lilium auratum. 232 
Marigolds, gold striped 
(illustrated) . 229 
Orchids abroad . 230 
Orchids at Misarden Park. 236 
OrchidNotesandGleanings 236 
Phloxes, Herbaceous .... 232 
Poinsettia pulclierriina_ 229 
Potatos at Bingley Hall .. 235 
Potato Culture in Jersey.. 228 
Potato experiments, Chis¬ 
wick . 228 
Potato, International Kid¬ 
ney . 235 
Rhubarb, on Forcing .... 234 
Sciatica. 238 
Scottish Gardening . 230 
Smithfield Club. 338 
Stephanotis floribunda, 
fruiting. 235 
Winter, the coming . 227 
Woods in autumn, the .... 229 
PAGE 
236 
231 
230 
235 
ORCHIDS A SPECIALITY. 
The stock is of such magnitude, that without seeing it it is no. 
easy to form an adequate conception of its unprecedented extentt 
The Glass Structures cover an area of 246,000 ft. superficial. 
HUQH 1,0 W & CO, 
Cordially invite Gentlemen interested in Horticulture to inspect 
the Nurseries. 
CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E. 
“ Gardening is the purest of human pleasures, and the greatest 
refreshment to the spirit of man.”— Bacon. 
R OSE S. 
MACNIFICENT PLANTS. 
STANDARD H.P.’s.. .. 15s. per doz. .. £5 0s. per 100 
„ TEAS .. .. 18s. „ .. £6 10s. „ 
DWARFS H.P.’s .. .. 8s. „ .. £2 10s. „ 
„ TEAS .. .. 12s. „ .. £4 10s. „ 
Purcl.oHrs own selection from Catalogue, and Order Form, post 
free on application to 
FRANCK CAN; T, 
THE WEST BERGHOLT AND MILE END NURSERIES. 
COLCHESTER, ESSEX. 
KENT: THE GARDEN OF ENGLAND. 
Every buyer (large or small) wanting 
FRUIT TREES 
Should consult our Catalogue, which contains 
700 KINDS, 
And represents the largest, best grown, and healthiest 
stock in the kingdom. 
Reference List free. Illustrated List, 3 stamps, 
GEORGE BUNYARD & GO., 
the old NURSERIES, 
MAIDSTONE. 
P i S '.—The Grand New Apples, Lady Sudeley, High 
Canons, and Gaspatrie, will be sent out for the first time 
! this November. Particulars free. 
CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 
O UR PLAXTS are mostly cut down and 
placed near the glass, as our houses are expressly built to 
produce the best possible strong, clean, healthy, country-grown 
Cuttings, so that none can fail to grow them into good plants. 
All thebest varieties in cultivation are now posted in any quantity 
in tin , 1)0X63 a11 over Europe by thoroughly experienced men ; 
therefore all are warranted true to name For prices, and a vast 
amount of valuable information, see CATALOGUE, sent free. 
Our Selection—CUTTINGS, Is. 67. doz. 1 Cutting each of our 
800 varieties, £4. STOCK PLANTS, 5s. doz., 35s. 100; the 
900 for £14. 
Plants of the 86 New Varieties for £4; Cuttings, £ 2 . 
30 of the above for £ 1 ; Cuttings, 10s. 
H. CANNELL & SONS, 
THE HOME FOB FLOWERS, 
SWASLEY, heat. 
SATURDAY, DECEMBER 12, 1SSS. 
The Coming Winter. —We are nearly half 
way through the Avinter months, for the shortest 
day is close upon ns, but the winter, whatever 
form it may take, has yet to come. Very soon we 
shall be into the year 1886, and we are just now 
much concerned with the nature of the weather 
which is to usher that year in, for to those en¬ 
gaged in gardening weather isof the first moment, 
and upon it hang our hopes and fears, our 
successes or our failures. Judging from what 
has passed, it would seem easy to prognosticate 
a soft wet winter, hut that the data upon which 
such an assumption is based upon may prove 
the reverse of reliable. Yet remembering the 
features that have marked some previous winters 
of a specially soft moist nature, one can aver 
that the past months, so far, have been in 
complete accordance with those which have 
introduced preceding soft winters, and reasoning 
from analogy, similar results may be looked for 
in the winter now upon us, the frost of the last 
few days notwithstanding. 
Most certainly a heavy and prolonged rain¬ 
fall was due, for we have had two years of 
comparative drought—perhaps we may say of 
unusual drought—and only a long spell of wet 
weather could he expected to counterbalance or 
make up the void in the soil this long drought 
has created. The late autumn certainly has 
shown a tendency to fill up that void, for we 
have had some remarkable rainfalls during 
the past few weeks, and planters and farmers 
are now finding the soil too moist, and in some 
places flooded, to render it workable. There is 
yet ample time for the weather to take a severe 
turn, and it may be not unnaturally suggested 
that the heavy rainfall, so far, has hut filled the 
lakes, ponds, and rivers, that intense frost 
may provide skaters and other pleasure seekers 
with ample ice for their enjoyment. We are 
apt to assert that a severe winter, with plenty of 
frost, is good for the land, premonitory to an 
abundant season. It is easy enough for the 
well-to-do to look upon a severe spell of frost 
with complacency, hut such a visitation brings 
with it intense suffering to the weak and aged, 
and great poverty and privation to the poor. 
In countries where the seasons have such 
an element of constancy that summer follows 
winter, and both of a bond fide type, with 
assured certainty, the heat of the one, or the 
severity of the other tells with hut moderate 
effect upon humanity, not only because the 
bodies of human beings are better inured to 
these regular changes of temperature, hut their 
assured coming enables provision to be made to 
meet their rigour or intensity with some suitable 
alleviatives. Here we jump from comparative 
summer to comparative winter with sudden ease 
and frequency; hence, not only humanity, hut 
vegetation finds ours to be a peculiarly trying 
climate, and in such a season as the present, we 
could not hut regard the sudden change to 
intense frost now with fear, because following 
after so much rainfall, very disastrous results 
to vegetation might follow. 
If the order of nature dictates considerable 
moisture, it will, without doubt, show more of 
wisdom than do those who wish so fervantly 
for a season of dry hard frost. With another 
dry Avinter we should have experienced great 
suffering, especially for vegetation; with an 
ample rainfall we shall be able" to face a hot dry 
summer with equanimity Happily for our 
prospects for a fair fruit season next year, the 
autumn rains came too late to effect the 
ripening of the fruiting wood on all kinds of 
trees, and the formation of fruit buds; whilst 
the thorough soaking the roots have now received 
will certainly tend to make the crop next year 
finer, and probably more holding than was the 
past season’s crop, should the spring prove 
merciful, and allow the bloom to set and 
produce an ample crop. 
It is a common observation that cold springs 
always follow mild winters, hut the assumption 
is not always borne out by facts. Really we 
seldom escape cold springs, let the winters he 
what they may, and if we could exchange the 
few degrees of frost with cold biting east winds 
in April for much sharper weather in March we 
should be vise, because the latter would do no 
harm whilst the former does a great deal. The 
effects of wet and severe winters upon labour 
are almost identical, because both materially 
hinder work ; still farther, both materially affect 
human health, as in this country damp cold of 
moderate quality is quite as hard to endure, 
perhaps more so than is severe dry cold. The 
latter, however, if very severe, and especially if 
following upon a cool and damp summer or 
autumn, may be productive of far more harm to 
vegetation. Dry seasons render us indifferent 
to drainage hut anxious for irrigation. AYet 
seasons make us value drainage and indifferent 
to needs for water in the summer. If a season 
like the present would cause considerable ex¬ 
pansion of drainage, so much the better for 
large tracts of land, and if to that drainage were 
associated some extensive system of storing 
Avater hoAv much the country AA’ould gain by it. 
In carrying out any system of water storage, 
hoAvever, AA r e must not expect that it could he 
made remunerative if applied only to common 
crops. A nurseryman, for instance, might find 
an ample store of Avater in a dry summer to be 
invaluable, and to a farmer it might be profitable 
to be able to irrigate pastures and root crops ; 
but beyond these a costly scheme of irrigation 
could hardly he expected to pay. In conjunction 
Avith the Avinter aspects there are those avIio 
look for frost because we have such a wealth of 
Holly and other berries. The association of 
these Avith Aveather is rather of a past than of a 
future nature. It is certain that preceding 
seasons have favoured wood-ripening and bloom- 
setting ; but there is not the least connection 
Avith such fruitfulness and the weather which is 
to come. 
