July 31, 1886. 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
757 
bud that you wish to insert, the leaf stalk must be left 
to protect the bud, insert the knife £ in. up to 1 in. 
below the bud, cutting inward and upwards, the 
deepest place being when opposite the bud, the knife 
coming out the same distance above the bud as when 
it entered below. In cutting deep it brings a small 
piece of wood attached to the bud, this should be care¬ 
fully removed, and if well done a small internal core or 
bud will be left, but if this draws out altogether with 
the wood from the bark, success is doubtful. If suc¬ 
cessfully performed, however, insert the bud by sliding 
in the V-shaped bark on the stock ; bind up with the 
tying material, commencing below the bud, and finishing 
at the cross cut. 
Subsequently, the buds will require looking over 
once or twice, in order to slacken the bands after they 
begin to swell or unite. When the proper time to 
remove them from the hedge-rows comes, spade in 
hand, you set off - , and bring back the successfully 
budded ones, passing over those that have not taken. 
I have done this more than once, and with the best 
results; the stocks so budded, being in the hedge¬ 
rows on the estate. And on many estates, I do not 
see why this plan should not be carried out, even 
were they left to flower naturally as they stand. I 
well recollect, one of the farm men once coming head¬ 
long to tell me of the splendid Roses they had in some 
of their hedge-rows, and which were none other than 
some that had been over-looked, and one of them was, 
certainly, especially fine, a Prince Camille de Rohan. 
There is, however, one drawback, that if left in the 
hedge-rows, if the estate is not well watched, they 
are liable to be stolen.— B. L. 
MR. JAMES THURSTAN’S TULIP 
BED. 
We now proceed to give a description of the frame¬ 
work of Mr. Thurstan’s Tulip bed, as furnished by that 
gentleman, who states that the frame is equally suitable 
for covering Carnations and Picotees, Pinks, Ranun¬ 
culuses, or any other kind of florist’s flower grown in 
beds. The length of the Tulip bed represented in the 
engraving given last week is 51 ft. 2 ins. outside the 
edging-boards ; the width is 4 ft. 6 ins. outside edging- 
boards, and the bed holds one hundred rows of bulbs, 
seven bulbs in each row, which are planted exactly 6 
ins. apart each way. 
The frame consists of thirteen wrought iron angle- 
rods, J in. in diameter, and six top rods of similar 
dimensions. The former are in one piece, bent to 
shape, the dimensions being 3 ft. 9 ins. from either 
end of rod to the first angle A, as shown in sketch, 3 
ft. 3 ins. from angle A to angle B, and 1J ins. level top 
from B to C. Through the centre of each top is a hole 
\ in. square, to which the top rods are secured by bolts 
and nuts. The heads of the bolts are flat at top, 
similar to a wood screw, and the holes in the ends of 
the top rods which lap over the ends of the other top 
rods, also the centre holes in each of the six rods, are 
countersunk to admit of the nut-heads being flush with 
the rods when secured. This prevents the canvas being 
rubbed or chafed by the bolt-heads. All round the 
outside of the bed are tarred deal boards, 7 ins. deep by 
1J ins. thick, and 12 ft. long, except one piece on 
either side, which is 3 ft. long, so that each side has 
four lengths 12 ft. long, and one length 3 ft. long. 
To these boards are fastened by bolts and nuts the 
castings shown in sketch D, in each of which there is 
a round hole, £ in. full in diameter, to receive the 
angle-rods previously described. The holes in castings 
are 3£ ins. deep ; the rods then appear bare for 5| ins. 
deeper, and the bottom of each rod rests on the flanges 
of the castings, as per sketch D, which keeps the angle- 
rods at regular heights. The castings are secured to 
the edging-boards by two bolts and nuts, the nuts 
being screwed on to bolts inside, which gives the outside 
a neater appearance. These castings are secured to 
the boards exactly 4 ft. 3 ins. apart from centre of each 
hole. 
There are three square holes in each of the six top 
rods same size as those in tops of angle rods, and the 
ends of each top rod are hammered out to f in. thick, 
so that one top end laps over the other top end, and 
thus leaving the rods all level at the top of the frame 
when fixed, again preventing any friction of canvas. 
A strip of wood ins. by 2 ins. thick, with round 
holes | in. full in diameter exactly 4 ft. 3 ins. apart, is 
fixed on both sides of the frame at the first angle A, 
and supported by small castings with a screw which is 
tightened to each rod, as per sketch E. The strips of 
wood are in 9 ft. lengths, so that there are six strips on 
either side, and they reach ins. beyond the end 
angle irons. At each end of the strips the points lap 
over each other 3 ins. and each joint is made firm by 
two bolts and nuts, the latter being screwed on inside 
of the strips. 
To fix the frame, first place the small castings E on 
the top of castings D, which are permanently fixed to 
the tarred edging-boards, then place the wood strips 
8 _ C 
over the small eastings. When this is done, the angle 
irons must be carefully put through the holes in the 
wood strip, and the small castings E into the holes of 
the castings D ; this can only be done by two persons, 
D 
one being on either side the bed, guiding the ends of 
the angle iron through the holes. This being done, 
then the two persons must carefully raise the strip of 
wood up the angle rod, and when it is close to angle A, 
E 
one person holds the strip whilst the other runs up the 
rod the casting E, which he screws tightly to the rods. 
Such rods being so secured then, fasten the wood-strip 
points by bolts and nuts, and after putting on the six 
top rods and securing them by the specially shaped 
bolt before alluded to, the frame is completed. 
The canvas or covering is in two parts ; it consists of 
strong grey twilled sheeting, and is sufficiently wide, 
when let down, to hang 20 ins. below the wood strip on 
either side. There are two hems on the bottom of either 
side of the canvas 2J ins. deep, through which four flat 
wooden rods 2 ins. by 1 in. are run, projecting a little 
at end so as to rest on angle rods ; these wooden rods 
are rounded off at the edges. The weight of the rods keep 
the canvas from blowing about, and when the sun is 
required to be kept from the bloom the side facing the 
sun is lowered down, and the opposite side is rolled up 
by the wooden rods, and tied to the end angle rods by 
tapes secured to the canvas by loops. Loops of tape are 
fastened at the top of inside of canvas at about every 
4 ft., and these loops have pieces of strong tape put 
through them which are tied to the top rods which 
keeps the canvas in its place. In case of wind, the 
canvas is further secured to the angle irons by tapes being 
fastened to the ends of wood rods through which holes are 
purposely made, and when both sides of the canvas are 
lowered down and secured as described, all is perfectly 
safe. 
Unfortunately, through an oversight, Mr. Thurstan’s 
name was incorrectly spelt in the article accompanying 
his portrait in our last issue. It is correctly given at 
the head of these notes. 
-- 
“DISTINCT.” 
I HAVE been a bit good naturedly lectured over this 
subject, but I do not think any of your contributors 
have advanced the question towards a clearer solution. 
The main object I had in view was to impress upon 
judges at flower shows the importance of refraining 
from disqualifying, unless it is a case absolutely de¬ 
manding it. I am sometimes horrified at the readiness 
shown by some judges to disqualify on what I can only 
term frivolous grounds. I half suspect it is partly done 
by way of displaying a little vanity, as if the person doing 
it was a very superior one, knowing something of every¬ 
thing. Only a few days ago I was a judge at a flower 
show where there was a class for twelve bunches of cut 
flowers, distinct varieties, and two out of three exhi¬ 
bitors—and those showing by far the best stands—had 
put three or four varieties of Gloxinias in a bunch, this 
bunch forming one of the twelve ; in fact, there were 
nearly twenty than twelve varieties. Some j udges would 
have held this to be a violation of the schedule, and 
disqualified both stands, on the ground that twelve 
varieties only where intended, while in all probability 
the judges who might have acted the previous year 
admitted such a collection, and awarded prizes. I 
asked the secretary who accompanied the judges what 
had been the practice hitherto, and he said: “To 
admit different varieties in a bunch.” I said, you have 
by your previous practice sanctioned this course, and I 
am bound to do the same, and I did so ; but there are 
some who will think it a clear case for disqualification, 
and say I should have thrown out the stands. The 
next day I went to an entirely new show—that is, a 
new society holding its first exhibition—and in the 
schedule of prizes I found a class for ‘ 1 Twelve bunches 
of hardy or outdoor cut flowers, distinct ” ; but a note 
was appended to the effect that by “the word ‘distinct’ 
it is understood that different colours of the same flower 
may be put in one bunch. ” Here was an authoritative 
recognition of the practice of putting several varieties 
of any one flower in a bunch, and it is a practice much 
followed at country exhibitions. 
I think the suggestion by one writer that “kind” 
and “variety” should be regarded as no longer 
synonomous, is one that cannot be entertained. If a 
schedule of prizes sets forth that a collection of eight 
dishes of fruit shall consist of eight kinds, and that 
only one variety of Grape or Peach can be included, 
then kind is used in a distinct sense to variety, and two 
varieties of Grapes would disqualify. But so long as 
the term kind is used in the same sense as variety, to 
disqualify would be cruel. 
"\Vhat curious points sometimes arise in one’s ex¬ 
perience as a judge. One cropped up at the recent 
exhibition of the Royal Horticultural Society at 
Liverpool. My colleague as a judge in the cut Rose 
classes was a clergyman, who is a noted Rose grower, 
and the secretary of a provincial Rose show. The 
schedule read : “Seventy-two varieties of Roses, dis¬ 
tinct ; forty-eight varieties of Roses, distinct ; twenty- 
four varieties of Roses, distinct ; eighteen varieties of 
Roses, distinct.” When we came to this last class we 
found a superb box of Tea-scented varieties, and my 
colleague at once went for disqaulification on the score 
that in the case of the three classes preceding it was 
meant to include Hybrid Perpetuals, and as there was 
none in this stand, and there were classes for Tea 
Roses, it ought to be passed over. I contended that 
the schedule left it entirely to the exhibitor what Roses 
he should stage—whether all Teas, all Hybrid Per¬ 
petuals, or a mixture of both, and we were bound to 
take it into consideration. Here we stuck. This 
appeared to be a case of setting up a merely sentimental 
objection never contemplated by the framers of the 
schedule. Then I was told the National Rose Society 
would not allow it. I asked what business the National 
