38 
GEDDES HARROW, 
OR 
DOUBLE A HINGED HAREOW. 
Plate XIII. 
This harrow is the best adapted for hard use in new and rough land where stumps, roots 
and fast rocks abound. 
It is heavy and strong, both in materials and form of construction. The A form prevents 
hanging by their timbers to any hist obstructions. The double A form admits of their teeth 
being so widely distributed as to prevent the possibility of any two of them holding upon 
the same stones, or other obstructions, and carrying them along, and causes them to track in 
uniformly parallel lines over the ground. 
§ 109. They are constructed in two parts and connected together by hinges lengthwise at 
the center, by which they conform always to the undulations of the ground. The person 
attending its use can also readily raise either half from the ground to allow it to pass, or to 
free it from immovable obstructions. 
In transporting and loading them into carts and wagons, they are always folded back to back 
The teeth are square, heavy and long, and driven into the beams, from the under side, 
with a square tapering shank, which is rounded, and a Screw and nut on the upper side of 
the beam, by which means they are always kept tight, while they may be readily removed 
to present their different corners to the work as they wear dull. 
$ 110. There are several sizes and prices, as follows: 
14 teeth, f inch square, for one horse,.. £8 00 
15 teeth, | licit square, sinnl two horse. 10 00 
22 teeth, g inch square for two horses,. 12 00 
20 teetli, l inch square, large two horse,..*... 13 00 
30 teeth, 1 inch square, heavy two horse,......... 15 00 
SCOTCH OR DOUBLE SQUARE HARROW. 
Plate XIII. 
§ 111. These are chiefly used for broken land and for putting in seed of grain and grass. 
They are made light and broad, with a large number of teeth, and do their work thoroughly, 
and produce a fine and even surface to the soil, well* calculated for seeding down for grass 
and hay purposes. They are made in two separate harrows, hinged together, and drawn by 
a separate clevis to each, by which they are connected to an evener or yoke. Each harrow 
lias four beams, each two and a half inches square and five feet long, of good white oak timber, 
framed together with cross beams in an angular or diamond form. The forward end of each 
timber is set at such an angle with the cross beams as to range with the hind end of the 
next beam to it. Each beam has five teeth equally distant from each other, and the. forward 
tooth in one beam ranges the same distance from the hind tooth in the next beam, as the 
several teeth in each beam range from each other. 
§ 112. The two harrows are connected by hinges the same distance from each other as 
between the beams themselves, which causes all the teeth in both harrows to track at even 
distances from each other. By means of the adjustable clevis attachment, the harrow may 
be drawn at different angles, varying considerably in width as well as fineness of the tracking 
of the teeth. The teeth are made quite long, of K inch square, iron, forged with a slight 
taper, and set in the beams with the grain of the wood, which allows them to be driven 
tightly without splitting the beams. 
The teeth thus set, operate always with a corner forward, and as often as worn dull may 
be driven out and turned, so as to bring another and sharp corner to the work. When new, 
the teeth are driven but halt way through, and are afterwards driven as they wear away. 
They are of the best of iron, and hammer-hardened, which is next best to steel laid points. 
$ 113. They are furnished with clevis connections, and evener at the following prices : 
40 tenth, with steel laid points....... $11 00 
40 teeth, with hummer hardened points,..... 10 00 
EXPANDING- & RE VERS ABLE HARROWS. 
§ 111. This harrow is constructed with four or five parallel beams for the teeth, (which are 
the same as used in Geddes’ Harrow), and two cross-beams upon the top and at the ends of the 
others, and constructed so as to admit of its taking any form as square or diamond. It is 
drawn by either of the four corners, which may he square, acute or obtuse, according to the 
work to be done. When it is drawn by an acute corner, it tracks narrower, and the teetli 
are closer to each other and makes finer work; when drawn by an obtuse corner, the oppo¬ 
site effect is produced, tracking wider and doing coarser work. Prices and sizes as follows: 
20 teeth, | inch square, light two-horse,.... £9 00 25 teeth, £ inch square, two horses,_...... $10 00 
20 teeth, § inch square, two horses,. 10 00 25 teeth, £ inch square, heavy two horses,... 11 00 
