37 
f ELLOW-H A MMER, 
YELLOW BUHTING. YELLOW YOWLEY. 
YELLOW YELDRING. YELLOW YGLDRI^G. YELLOW YITE. 
YELDROCK. YOLICRIJSTG. YOIT. SKITE. GOLDIE. 
Pennant. Montagu. 
Brisson. 
timberiza citrinella y 
“ jlava , 
Citrinella. Citrus—A citron or lemon tree? 
Emberiza —. 
? 
The Yellow-hammer is found throughout the European 
continent, from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, to the shores 
of the Mediterranean. It is, however, most plentiful in the 
midland parts—decreasing in numbers towards the north and 
south extremities. 
This is one of the most common birds that we have in 
this country, and is more particularly observable in the summer 
time, when there is not a hedge alongside of which you can 
walk, without seeing one after another flitting out before you, 
and then in again, ‘here and there and everywhere.’ The nest 
is, or is to he, somewhere near, and hence the greater apparent 
frequency of the Yellow-hammer at this season. In the winter 
they are more collected together in flocks. They frequent, 
for the most part, the cultivated districts, those that are 
destitute of wood being uncongenial to them, but 'they are 
found on such wastes as are covered with gorse or broom. 
In Orkney this species is by no means plentiful, and is 
chiefly observed in winter: the same remark applies to Shet¬ 
land. During the summer of 1846, a pair built their nest in 
the garden at Daisy Bank, near Kirkwall; and another pair 
bred the same season at Pabdale. 
Yellow-hammers are gregarious birds, consorting in the 
