210 
V 
RING OUZEL. 
eock ouzel, eihg theush. mountain blackbibd. 
MODE BLACKBIBD. 
Pennant. Montagu. 
Selby. Gould. 
Turdus torquatus, 
Merula torquata , 
Turdus — A Thrush. 
Torquatus— Binged. 
This is a bird of the mountain, found almost exclusively 
in the wild and uncultivated districts of the country. 
In Europe its range extends northwards as far as Norway 
and Sweden; and southwards to Germany, Italy, France, 
Switzerland, Spain, and Holland. In the latter it is rare, 
which is not to he wondered at, considering how unsuited 
that country must be to its predilections. In Africa it is 
also found along the northern shores; and in Asia, in Syria. 
In Yorkshire it is common enough on high moor lands, 
though generally seen only in pairs on the side of some 
solitary glen or wild ravine, and is sometimes met with in 
the more cultivated parts. Mr. R. Leyland on one occasion 
saw a flock of upwards of twenty feeding on the berries of 
the mountain ash, in a garden near Halifax, in the month 
of September. It is also plentiful on the moors near 
Sheffield, and has been known to build on Thorne Moor— 
a wild tract, where I formerly took some rare insects, but 
cultivation is gradually encroaching upon it, and in time the 
record of it will alone remain. My friend Arthur Strickland, 
Esq., has once or twice met with considerable flights in 
turnip fields, but apparently consisting, for the most part, 
of birds of the year, and probably collected together for 
emigration. Graves Records it in his ‘Catalogue of the Birds 
of Cleveland.’ One or two have been seen in different 
years in the neighbourhood of Sowerby and Thirsk, as 
Edward D. Swarbreck, Esq., of the latter place, has informed 
