November 20, 1886. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
189 
Chrysanthemums, but all are exhibited as they are 
grown for the decoration of their conservatories. 
These plants, when massed together as they were, 
made a very nice display, Mr. Austin, gardener 
to J. H. Allcard, Esq., was first with twelve plants, 
amongst them being some well-flowered specimens ; 
Mr. Stimpson, gardener to J. Craven, Esq. ; Mr. 
Marsden, gardener to T. Hobson, Esq. ; Mr. Simmonds, 
gardener to G. Fisher, Esq. ; and Mr. Slaney, florist, 
all contributed to this class. In the class for groups 
of miscellaneous plants, Mr. Herriott, gardener to 
Major Blake; Mr. Cook, gardener to C. B. Clark, ESq., 
were first and second (in the order of their names) 
with nice attractive groups ; Mr. Spright, gardener to 
Mrs. Faw'cett, was first with a group of Chrysanthe¬ 
mums and other plants. 
In the Primula class there were some fine examples 
shown, these were staged down the centre of the hall, 
with the cut flowers. Of the latter there was a good 
display, and Mr. Redmill, gardener to J. G. Lowood, 
Esq., Mr. Stimpson and Mr. Austin were the principal 
exhibitors. Of fruit there was some excellent Apples 
and Pears, Messrs. Richard Smith & Co., Worcester, 
staging fifty dishes, amongst them being some of the 
finest examples possible. This collection was, without 
doubt, the chief feature of the exhibition. In the Grape 
classes, black and white, there were some good bunches 
showm by Messrs. Watts, Stimpson, Cook and others. 
At the time of our visit there was a good attendance, 
and we hope the show will prove a financial success to 
this deserving Society. — JF. 
Caterham.— Nov. 17th. —A small, but very pretty 
Chrysanthemum show was held in Haveston Hall, 
close to the railway station, on the 17th inst., and 
the committee must be congratulated on the district 
furnishing so good a display, for only local growers 
competed. The best group of plants arranged for 
effect came from Mr. John Palmer, gardener to J. 
Clarke, Esq., Beechanger, Caterham Valley, bright and 
effective, and well worthy the award made to it ; 
second, Mr. Pannell, gardener to D. McD. Smith, Esq. 
The best three specimens, well grown and bloomed, 
came from Mr. Watts, gardener to 0. T. Turpin, Esq., 
Caterham, the varieties being Mrs. G. Rundle, Mrs. 
Dixon and Mrs. Forsyth ; Mr. Pannell "was a close 
second with the same varieties. Mr. Pannell had the 
best specimen plant, an unnamed incurved variety ; 
Mr. Watts being second with George Glenny. Some 
very creditable plants, shown in threes, and also as 
single specimens, came from cottagers. 
The chief class for cut flowers was for twelve in¬ 
curved and twelve Japanese varieties, and here Mr. 
Wyatt, gardener to J. Penny, Esq., Caterham, was 
first, with the following incurved flowers, very fine in 
quality :—Golden Empress, Alfred Salter, John Salter, 
Queen of England, Mrs. Heale, Lord Wolseley, Hero 
of Stoke Newington, Guernsey Nugget, Pink Venus 
and Princess Teck. Japanese : Orange Dragon, Golden 
Dragon, Balmoreau, L’Adorable, Pere Delaux, Mdme. 
C. Audiguier, Triomphe du Nord, Comte de Germiny 
and Boule d’Or. Second, Mr. Papworth, gardener to 
S. Vorley, Esq., Caterham; third, Mr. Pearman, 
gardener to H. Horne, Esq., Caterham. Mr. Palmer 
had the best twelve blooms—viz., six incurved and 
six Japanese—staging, in good character, Baron Beust, 
Jardin des Plantes, White Venus, Lord Wolseley, 
Prince Alfred and Cherub. Japanese : Comte de 
Germiny, Jeanne Delaux - , Peter the Great, Mdme. C. 
Audiguier, Mdme. Bertha Rendatler and Elaine. 
Second, Mr. Pannell, who had excellent blooms of the 
following incurved :—Lady Slade, Prince Alfred, Nil 
Desperahdum, Isabella Bott, White Venus and Mrs. 
Dixon ; the Japanese varieties being small. Third, 
Mr. Beard, gardener to Mrs. Gardiner, Caterham. 
Pompon Chrysanthemums were very well shown in 
bunches of three blooms, Mr. Palmer being first with 
an excellent lot, consisting of Madlle. Marthe and its 
golden variety, Black Douglas, Le Purete, Robert 
Beust and Eleonore, six varieties being required ; 
second, Mr. Watts, with much the same varieties in 
good form ; third, Mr. Pannell. Mr. Papworth had 
the best six table plants, Mr. Brand being second, and 
Mr. Palmer third ; all plants of excellent quality. 
The best two dishes of Apples came from Mr. Palmer, 
who had very fine Blenheim Orange and Cox’s Pomona; 
second, Mr. Palmer, with Winter Hawthornden and 
Ribston Pippin Among honorary exhibits were a fine 
group of Chrysanthemums from Mr. G. J. Wollett, 
nurseryman, Caterham ; an excellent group of foliage 
plants and Chrysanthemums from Mr. Harris, gardener 
to R. W. Salmon, Esq., Caterham Court; some well- 
grown plants of Gesnera exoniensis from Mr. Pearmain 
and also fifteen dishes of Apples ; from Mr. Palmer 
a collection of Apples ; and three dishes of Pears from 
Mr. Hicks, gardoner to J. E. Stuart,- Esq., Caterham. 
-->:r-o- 
ORCHID NOT ES AND GLEANINGS. 
Orchids at Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder 
& Co.’s. —It is impossible to visit the compact little 
Orchid nursery at 191, Park Road, Clapham, without 
finding many interesting things in bloom, and our in¬ 
spection at this dull season proves no exception to the 
rule. The establishment is noted for its superb strain 
of Odontoglossum Alexandra and 0. Pescatorei ; its 
fine type of 0. Rossii majus, out of which so many 
of the rare 0. Plumeanum and 0. aspersum have 
flowered ; its new white Lielia anceps, and its select 
and well-grown Cattleyas ; and now to these last-named 
the firm has added a splendid lot of certified white 
Cattleya speciosissima, which will be one of the finest 
and most fragrant of all our Cattleyas, and a grand 
acquisition for spring and summer flowers. 
Among the plants in bloom in this well-grown 
collection we found a very varied and excellent strain 
of Masdevallia chimasra, some of the forms being pale 
yellow mottled with rose, and others almost wholly 
crimson ; M. ignea aurantiaca, the brightest orange- 
coloured form ; Restrepia antennifera and R. elegans ; 
many Oncidium varicosum, 0. tigrinum, 0. pnetextum, 
0. Jonesianum, 0. papilio, 0. Krameri, 0. Forbesii (a 
very superior strain), O. dasytyle, 0. ornithorrynchum ; 
Odontoglossum Bictonense ; Pleione Wallichiana, P. 
maculata, P. lagenaria; Coelogyne oeellata, C. fimbriata, 
C. fuliginosa ; Miltonia Clowesii grandiflora (true) ; 
Cypripedium Crossianuin, C. venustum pardinum, 
C. Spicerianum, C. concolor Regnieri, C. Haynaldi- 
anum, the true major form of C. Sehlimii; a nice 
group of Mesospinidium ; a quantity of the largest 
form of Sophronitis grandiflora and S. coccinea; 
Paphinia rugosa and P. cristata major ; the true Epi- 
dendrum macrochilum album ; the rare and curious 
Pleurothallis macroblcpliaris ; and, with other inter¬ 
esting Masdevallias, the rich scarlet Masdeyallia 
racemosa (Crossii), which will certainly develop into 
one of the prettiest and most effective of our neat¬ 
growing cold-house Orchids. 
Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder & Co. do not aim to 
cultivate anything but Orchids, but in the course of 
their extensive importing operations, they frequently 
get over other new and rare plants, among which may 
be noted their fine additions to the twining Bomareas, 
&c. At present, too, in their nursery are some hand¬ 
some young plants of Zamia montana, a very rare 
species, and one of the noblest and most distinct of the 
genus. In a corner of the cool house are some cushion¬ 
like pans of the neat little Sibthorpia europea variegata, 
which seem to luxuriate here, although so many fail to 
grow the plant in anything like a satisfactory manner. 
Injury to Orchid Roots. —Your able corre¬ 
spondent, Mr. O’Brien, directs our attention to the 
injury done by galvanized-iron wire to Orchid growths 
and pseudo-bulbs, and by decayed wood to their roots. 
I can endorse all that he says on the subject. We had 
growing in a basket a splendid plant of Dendrobium 
Wardianum, var. Lowii, with immense growths, which 
were looped to the wires of the basket to prevent their 
being broken ; the consequence being that wherever 
the growths came in contact with the wires, they turned 
black and rotted off. It is a grave mistake, and I am 
sorry to say a very prevalent one, to encase an old 
basket with a new one, and in my humble opinion 
more so with those having plants of Phalaenopsis for 
their occupants, than with any other species. The 
roots of Phalamopsis having such a tendency to cling 
to wood, are turned black, and rot whenever they come 
in contact with decayed matter. We grow our Phalfe- 
nopsis in a specially designed pan, though made of the 
ordinary garden pottery clay ; manufactured for, and 
sold by the Liverpool Horticultural Company, Garston. 
They are well adapted for this class of Orchids, for when 
once carefully potted, the plant -itself never need be 
removed, as these pans are made in sizes ranging from 
3 ins. to 14 ins. in diameter, so that they can be placed 
one inside the other should the plants require more 
root room, without the slightest injury to the roots, 
and this is undoubtedly a matter of great importance. 
rErides, Vandas, Saccolabiums and all Orchids having 
such-like tendencies do well in them. They will prove 
a great boon to Orchid growers, and when they are 
better known, I am sure will be universally used.— I. 
Catasetum cassid.6u.m. —This singular and 
rare Orchid is in bloom with the New Plant and Bulb 
Co., Colchester. It has a stout spike of flowers, in 
which the only salient feature is the large wax-like lip 
shaped like an old-fashioned helmet, and coloured 
orange inside and greenish yellow outside ; the small, 
acute, reddish green sepals are thrown back in 
a very curious manner. The flowers are, moreover, 
very sweet. Mention of it will be found in The 
Gardening; World, vol. ii., p. 28, where over forty 
other distinct species of Catasetum are enumerated. 
-—>X<-- 
The Gardeners’ Calendar. 
THE PLANT HOUSES. 
The batch of Cypripediums in the stove are now 
approaching their best. The flowers are large in size, 
and of good colour, which should always be the case if 
they are not kept in too shaded a position ; and one 
great aim of the cultivator should be to bring out to 
the utmost the greatest depth of colour. Attention to 
ventilation and the proper position of the plants will 
accomplisH this. Attend carefully to the intermediate 
house, which, with the numerous occupants in flov'er, 
might be more fitly termed the show house. What 
with Tydasas, Gesnerias, Cyclamen, shrubby Begonias, 
and a host of other autumn and winter-flowering plants 
available for this structure, interspersed with Palms 
and Ferns, a show can readily be made ; the tem¬ 
perature, too, is of just that degree in which one can 
enjoy a scrutiny of the occupants. 
The long-continued spell of unsettled weather which 
we have experienced—nearly six weeks—has greatly 
retarded many things. Poinsettias are very slow in 
expanding their scarlet bracts ; and, in fact, generally, 
sun is much required. Many things show signs of 
damping where of thin texture ; Primula flowers, for 
instance, we find extremely liable to damp-off—in fact, 
they decay prematurely. We, last week, placed a good 
batch round the stage of the intermediate house, and 
much they appear to appreciate the change from a 
cooler temperature ; the flower trusses are rising well 
above the foliage, and, in addition, they remain intact 
for many days. 
Chrysanthemums are now, with us, at their best, and 
a very good show we have ; we always grow ours as 
untrained, simply stopping in the season, and staking 
as growth proceeds. Formal training may be all very 
well in its way for single specimens required for special 
vases and so on, but nothing in our opinion so readily 
determines the true character of each or any variety as 
its natural style of growth. We have already taken 
cuttings of those which are forward enough to propagate, 
and shall continue to do so until sufficient stock is 
secured. Some care is necessary, for if the plants are 
allowed to remain in anything approaching a warm 
atmosphere, the new growths will be quite unfit for 
propagation, and, consequent^, next season’s stock 
will be less satisfactory. We generally insert our cut¬ 
tings thickly in 60 pots, and partly plunge in a mild 
bottom heat where the temperature of the compartment 
can be kept cool, and where we always find they strike 
very readily. All the early-flowering section will give 
much better cuttings if removed entirely out of doors. 
The summer-flowering section we find succeed best if 
divided. - 
THE FORCING HOUSES. 
Work in this department presents itself with in¬ 
creasing rapidity. Where early Grapes are required, 
the first Vinery should be started ; many prefer placing 
fermenting manure on the inside border to help in 
maintaining a suitable atmosphere, and to assist the 
Vines in breaking into new growth ; we never have 
recourse to such means, questioning the utility. If 
the Vine-rods are kept syringed five or six times a day, 
little more is required to encourage them to start ; 
open the valve in the morning that the pipes may 
be well warmed before sjuinging is done, closing 
again early in the evening, as no fire-heat at night 
must be allowed for the first week or ten days. A 
few pot Lilacs, Azaleas and Roses should be placed 
in this house, which will prepare them for warmer 
quarters later on. 
