678 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
June 25, 1887. 
and watered with strong lime-water, and removed to a 
pit where the temperature of 40° to 45° can be secured, 
increasing the temperature to 55° or 60’ as the plants 
come into flower, giving a good proportion of air to 
keep them strong and sturdy. 
The later batches are placed on shelves in the 
vineries, peach-houses, or anywhere where it is possible 
to place them, keeping them as near the glass as 
possible. The plants should never be allowed to get 
dry during any period of their growth, as this is fatal. 
As soon as the fruit is set the plants should have 
a liberal allowance of manure-water until the fruit 
colours, when it should be withheld, or else the fruit 
might become tainted, which would be very unpleasant. 
King of the Earlies and Black Prince are the best for 
the first batch, as they are good, sure and heavy crop¬ 
pers ; these may be succeeded by Keen’s Seedling, 
Vicomtesse Hericart de Thury, Sir Joseph Paxton 
and President; La Grosse Sueree is also a good one. 
The large kinds, such as James Veitch and Sir Charles 
Napier, are also very useful for later work, and make 
good dishes of fine fruit.— AIfred Gaut, The Gardens, 
Copped Sail, Totteridge. 
--> 2 <--- 
TABERNiEMONTANA CQRO- 
NARIA FLORE PLENA. 
Foe elegance and chastity in flowers, the plant under 
notice will hold a foremost position. The profusion 
with which quite young plants will flower, will always 
cause it to be a favourite ; large plants yield flowers 
that may be counted by hundreds, and will keep up a 
succession for a considerable time. The flowers being 
pure white are extremely useful; they are delicately 
scented (not nearly so powerful as the Gardenia), and 
being double they are used by florists for bouquet work, 
and are highly appreciated. 
As a rule, ordinary stove temperature suits it to grow 
in, and a soil composed of equal parts peat and loam, 
with a fair mixture of sand added. During the period 
the flower buds are swelling for opening, doses of 
manure water may be given with advantage, which has 
the effect of adding largely to the size of the bloom, and 
keeps the foliage a good dark green colour. 
After flowering, a short season of rest is advisable, 
when the plants should be re-potted and allowed to 
make their growth before the autumn is too far advanced. 
The flower buds will be made at the same time, which 
remain dormant through the winter season. 
I have seen this plant grown on a cooler principle, 
and allowed to stand quite cool all winter— in fact, to 
lose its leaves and become quite dormant. The 
gardener in charge told me they always flowered very 
profusely in the summer season under this treatment, 
and that the flowers were much stiffer in texture ; but 
no mistake must be made here, as these were very large 
plants, not young ones, and well established, with 
stems as thick as good stout walking-sticks. — W. G. 
-- 
CHARLOCK. 
Besides this name, and that given by Mr. W. J. 
Murphy (p. 650), Field Mustard is another and very 
appropriate appellation of Brassiea (sinapis) arvensis, a 
veritable pest of the corn-field in some districts. 
However ironical it may seem, the fields so infested 
are a beautiful sight when it flowers in June or July, 
according to the district where it grows, and the 
season. “When the fields are under grass, little or no 
Charlock appears at all, owing to its annual character, 
and to the fact that it is essentially an inhabitant of the 
ploughed field, thriving admirably, and reproducing 
itself with astounding rapidity, because the loose con¬ 
dition of the soil is favourable to its well-being, and 
its wilding competitors are fewer. 
When the grass field is again ploughed up, the 
Charlock makes it appearance as formerly, proving 
that its seeds remain dormant for a considerable period 
when buried too deeply for germination to take place. 
There can be little doubt that seeds often reach a 
greater depth in the soil than the plough goes, which 
turns them down, and consequently, fields that have 
been rigorously attended to in the matter of weeding 
out the Charlock, again produce a prolific crop of the 
pest when they have been ploughed deeper than usual. 
Kain and worms would be instrumental in carrying 
down the seeds into the holes of the latter. 
Eradication is most easily effected where land is 
cropped with Turnips, Beet, Potatos, Beans, or any 
other crop where the plants are grown in lines, and so 
admit of hoeing, or otherwise cleaning. Fallowing the 
land would also be a certain remedy, stirring it, and 
destroying several crops of Charlock in a season. The 
cost of labour would, however, be a serious item, 
besides losing a crop for the season. In corn-fields 
hoeing either by hand or horse power is impracticable, 
so that the cultivator should have recourse to hand- 
weeding. If done by careful workmen before the corn 
is too far advanced to be injured by treading, the 
number of seedlings may be considerably diminished 
from year to year. 
Preventing the seeds from ripening would also be a 
sure remedy if practicable in the case of all annuals. 
Machines have been invented for stripping oil’ the heads 
of such composites as Chrysanthemum segetum, C. 
leueanthemum, and others ; but a machine that would 
strip or cut off the flowers of Charlock would also 
materially injure the Corn, so that weeding, after all, 
for this kind of crop is the most satisfactory, even if it 
is the most tedious. Steam-ploughing has been recom¬ 
mended as a result of the experience of some Aberdeen¬ 
shire farmers, whose fields are annually much infested 
with Charlock. The soil is deeply stirred by the 
plough, while the lower part of the furrow is not turned 
up, so that a fresh crop of weeds resulting from deeply- 
buried seeds was impossible, although by the ordinary 
plough this is the case.— A Northman. 
I fear there is no way of getting rid of Charlock 
such as Mr. W. J. Murphy asks for, but the one 
he wishes to avoid, i.e., that of trampling down the 
Oats, in order to pull out the Charlocks. Clipping off 
the flower-heads before fertilisation is effected with a 
pair of garden shears or scissors is another way ; but, 
here again, the angle of the shears must be nearly 
straight, so as to avoid cutting the Oats, and which¬ 
ever plan is adopted it is a slow and tedious affair. In 
fields were Charlock seeds are suspected,' crops, such as 
Potatos, Turnips, or Lentils, and Oats, mown green, 
will in time get rid of 'them. I believe, with Mr. 
Murphy, that these seeds preserve their vitality for 
many years ; indeed, I have heard old farmers cite 
instances where they have been compelled, as a last 
resort, to lay down the fields with grass in order to kill 
the weed, and when ploughed'up at twenty years end 
they have grown up as bad as ever, especially so in 
sharp soils.— B. L., Li'ndley, June 20 th. 
-- 
NEW PLANTS CERTIFICATED 
By the Royal Botanic Society. 
June 15 th, 1887. 
Rhododendrum luteo-roseum. 
The leathery evergreen leaves of this species are 
oblong or obovate-oblong and shining ; flowers of a 
delicate or soft rose colour changing with age ; tube 
short, with a 'five-parted revolute limb ; the delicate 
rose tint of the flowers is their most striking character. 
Exhibited by Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons. Botanical 
Certificate. 
Adiantum Capillus-Veneris Mariesii. 
This is a free-growing form of the type, with long, 
arching, slender fronds of a fine green colour ; the 
ultimate segments are long and wedge-shaped. For 
decorative purposes it will prove very useful. Exhibited 
by Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons. Botanical Certificate. 
Diplazium hians. 
The fronds of this species are about 15 ins. or 18 ins. 
long, ovate or sub-triangular in outline and two to 
three times pinnatifid or cut. From the leathery 
character of the fronds they would evidently stand the 
temperature of a room well. Exhibited by Messrs. 
J. Veitch & Sons. Botanical Certificate. 
JUNIPERUS CANADENSIS AUREA. 
The growth of this form is of dense compact habit, 
and the young shoots and expanding foliage are more 
or less of a golden yellow tint. Exhibited by Messrs. 
J. Veitch & Sons. Botanical Certificate. 
Abies canadensis argentea. 
The ordinary form of the Hemlock Spruce, generally 
known in botanic gardens as Tsuga canadensis, is very 
ornamental in itself, but in this variety the young 
expanding foliage, and shoots at least, are of a silvery 
grey colour. Exhibited by Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons. 
Botanical Certificate. 
Abies excelsa mutabilis. 
A fine pyramidal tree of this was shown and pre¬ 
viously certificated at South Kensington. The ex¬ 
panding foliage and young shoots are of a fine yellow 
colour. Exhibited by Messrs. James Veitch & Sons. 
Botanical Certificate. 
Thuja gigantea aurea. 
In this form we get a colour obtained long ago in 
T. orientalis. The tips of the branches and the leaves 
are of a light but distinct yellow colour. Exhibited 
by Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons. Botanical Certificate. 
Ilex aquifolium insigne. 
If this proves hardy it will be a decided acquisition, 
with lanceolate, acuminate, spiny, serrate leaves, 
attaining a length of several inches on good-sized 
plants. Exhibited by Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons. 
Botanical Certificate. 
Sequoia sempep.virens alba spica. 
The slender stems and branches of this tree are of a 
pale but distinctly yellowish white colour when making 
their growth in early summer. This adds greatly to 
the effectiveness of an already very ornamental tree. 
Exhibited by Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons. Botanical 
Certificate. 
Odontoglossum crispum, Blair’s tar. 
The sepals and petals of this variety are heavily 
blotched or splashed with pale chocolate-brown. The 
lip is also more or less heavily marked. Exhibited by 
Mr. Blair, The Gardens, Trentham. Botanical Cer¬ 
tificate. 
Dendrobium polyphlebium. 
Considering the parentage, the flowers of this hybrid 
are large. Sepals and petals are rosy purple, and the 
lip is heavily striped with the same colour, having a 
creamy white margin. The parentage is D. Pierardi X 
D. Parishi. Exhibited by R. B. iVhite, Esq., Ard- 
darroch, Garlochhead. Botanical Certificate. 
Viburnum plicatum. 
This is an extremely useful and ornamental garden 
plant, with ovate plaited leaves and huge masses of 
enlarged but sterile milk-white flowers. Exhibited by 
Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons. Botanical Certificate. 
Cattleya Mendelii limbata. 
The sepals and petals of this fine form are of a warm 
ro*e colour. The labellum has a large rich purple 
lamina, and this colour is continued round the margin 
or mouth of the tube, which gives it a very distinct 
appearance. Exhibited by Mr. Bethell, gardener to 
the Duke of Marlborough. Botanical Certificate. 
Cattleya Mossi.e, Darnell’s Var. 
The sepals of this form are pale pink, and the petals 
are wavy at the margin but of the same colour. The 
margin of the labellum is also undulated and crisped, 
and the lamina is furnished with a large rich purple 
blotch. Exhibited by Mr. G. E. Elliott, gardener to 
F. Darnell, Esq., Devonshire House, Stamford Hill. 
Odontoglossum crispum albense. 
Both sepals and petals of this variety are very broad, 
the latter being deeply cut at the margin. They are 
heavily blotched with pale brown in the upper part, 
which gives place to a purple tint on the lower half. 
The ground-colour is white. Exhibited by Messrs. F. 
Sander & Co., St. Albans. Botanical Certificate. 
Masdevallia Harryana grandis. 
The flowers of this form are unusually large, and of 
an intense crimson-red colour ; but according to the 
incident rays of light the colours seem variable, and 
show a slight flush of orange. Exhibited by Messrs. 
F. Sander & Co. Botanical Certificate. 
Coleus Jubilee. 
This variety is bold and distinct, with large ovate- 
crenate leaves of a deep bronzy black colour, with the 
exception of the centre and principal nerves, which are 
of a bright red, often irregularly blotched with yellow. 
Exhibited by Mr. William Chitty, Stamford Hill. 
Floricultural Certificate. 
Show Pelargonium Marion. 
The two upper petals of this fine variety are of a 
deep velvety maroon, while the other three are soft 
rose-coloured with a white eye. Exhibited by E. B. 
Foster, Esq., Clewer Manor. Floricultural Certificate. 
Begonias. 
Duke of Edinburgh. —The male flowers of this 
variety are freely produced, and of great size, with 
round sepals, especially the two outer ones ; of a deep 
crimson colour, and producing a fine effect. 
