302 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
January 7, 1888. 
FLORICULTURE. 
Auriculas in 'Winter. 
During the month of January Auriculas are seen at 
their worst, that is to say, they have shed their autumn 
foliage, and only the kind of filbert-shaped heart 
remains. Let any decayed leaves be removed, and the 
surface-soil in the pots stirred, getting rid of any 
growth of green that might have gathered upon it. 
My own plants have been frozen hard on several 
occasions during the past three weeks, but no harm has 
come from it. The soil in the pots is pretty dry, and 
until more settled and milder weather it will remain 
so. As soon as southerly or westerly winds blow soft 
and warm the plants will be watered with water slightly 
chilled. In another six weeks or so signs of activity 
will be apparent, and then will commence a time of 
pleasant anticipation. When once the plants make a 
good start, progress is rapid and satisfactory if they are 
well rooted and in suitable soil.— R. D. 
-- 
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS. 
*** Special attention is paid in the columns of The 
Gardening World to the answering of questions on 
all subjects connected with practical horticulture, and 
the naming of Plants (other than Florists’ Flowers) and 
Fruits, in which department the Editor is assisted by 
gardeners and specialists of great experience. 
Painttng Hot-water Pipes. — A. G. Hull: Lamp-black and 
oil make an excellent paint for use on the hot-water piping of 
plant houses in contradistinction to gas-tar, which is injurious 
to plant life owing to the effluvia given off whenever the pipes 
become heated. The latter also becomes disagreeable to visitors, 
or others at work in the house, especially when hard firing is 
necessary on account of severe weather. 
Toadstools v. Mushroojis. — Grower: Fungi of this kind are 
saprophytes, that is, they live on decaying organic matter o 
some kind or other. Their spores are light and easily wafted 
about in the atmosphere, or are conveyed about by various 
natural or artificial means; and the occurrence of them in your 
Mushroom-house merely means that the spores have obtained 
access in some way or other, in all probability before the fer¬ 
menting material was taken into the house at all. The true 
Mushroom (Agaricus campestris) may be readily recognised by 
the distinct flesh-colour of the gills when the specimens are 
quite fresh, and by their pleasant and sweet odour. Less 
reliance can be placed on them by the inexperienced, after they 
get old, as the gills become black. The intruding Agarics are 
generally of a more flimsy nature, that, is, less fleshy than the 
true Mushi oom, and darkly coloured. 
Screen of Trees. — Feast: There are several evergreen trees 
which we could recommend as a screen to hide the unsightly 
and undesirable objects you mention ; but, as a rule, they grow 
comparatively slowly, and would be liable to tire out your 
patience. Such things as Thuya gigantea, Cupressus La wsoniana, 
Tew and Holly, make capital hedges, which are both durable 
and ornamental; but you must either plant large and well- 
furnished specimens to begin with, or be content to wait till 
they become established and grow away freely. Amongst 
deciduous trees, Populus canadensis nova would probably 
answer your purpose very well, as it grows a great rate, and 
is both handsome and proves a very effective screen. The 
Black Poplar as well as the Lombardy variety (P. nigra 
pyramidalis), also grow rapidly, even in large towns, where 
they withstand the smoke and are very ornamental when 
in leaf. 
Lily of the Valley not Starting. — F. Fenwick: This some¬ 
times happens both with this and Solomon's Seal when put into 
heat and forced hard without any previous preparation. The 
earliest batches are most liable to serve you in this manner; 
and when this happens it seems the best plan to discard them, 
and occupy their place with fresh batches. They are, no doubt, 
affected to a certain extent by their natural period of growth 
taking place later in the season; and on the other hand they 
must be considerably affected by the curtailment of their root 
system. 
Vine Bleeding. — Gardener: The cause of your Vine bleeding 
is, no doubt, due to the imperfect maturation of the wood in 
autumn. Keep the house dry and cool for some time before 
starting the Vines, and they will give you little or no further 
trouble. The wound becomes healed over as it were by the cells 
on the exterior of the cut surface dying, and forming a protec¬ 
tive, covering to the living and uninjured cells beneath. 
When this occurs the Vines will take no harm when the vinery 
is closed for forcing a little later on. 
Heating Greenhouse with Flues.—/. R. D. : It is possible 
to heat a house in two divisions by means of a flue, but you 
cannot depend on the regularity of the temperature, especiallyin 
the division of the house farthest from the furnace. When the 
fire is damped down for the night the temperature in the far 
end of the house must sink considerably before morning, 
especially if the tw divisions are of any considerable length. By 
using a damper in the flue at the partition between the two 
sections of the house, the smoke and heat may be diverted round 
the back of the division next the fire-place, so that it may be used 
as a vinery for early forcing, while the other division may be kept 
cool, and entirely without fire-heat except in severe weather. 
Mistleto.— H. R.: This parasite will take to a considerable 
variety of trees, |such as the Apple, Hawthorn, Poplar, Maple, 
Lime, Pine, Oak, and others. The method of establishing it 
adopted by some, is to slit the outer bark of the tree on which it 
is intended to be grown, and insert a berry in the notch. This 
may be of some advantage in hiding the berries from the attacks 
of birds; but it is not essential to the germination of the berries, 
as under natural conditions, the seed of fruits devoured by birds 
must simply be left attached to the surface. Rub the berries 
while fresh on the under-side of a branch, further protect from 
birds, and wait patiently for results, as the Mistleto germinates 
and grows very tardily. 
Names of Plants. — Beech: 1, Polystichum angulare var. : 
2, Blechnum occidentale; 3, Davallia solida; 4, Polystichum 
angulare proliferum. 
Communications Received. —J. S.—W. C.—Visitor.—W. R.— 
E. W. & S.—A. H. S.— Caledonian.— D. P. L.—H. N.—W. T. & S. 
—H. C.—A. O.—W. T. S.—W. J. M.—H. M. 
-- 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
Barr & Son, King Street. Covent Garden, W.C.—Choice Seeds 
for the Flower and Kitchen Gardens, &c. 
Robert Owen, Castle Hill, Maidenhead.—New and Select 
Chrysanthemums. 
Toogood & Finlayson. 5S, Above Bar, Southampton.—Flower, 
Vegetable and Farm Seeds. 
Wm. Cutbush & Son, Highgate, N. —Flower, Vegetable, and 
Farm Seeds, &c. 
Charles Sharpe & Co., Sleaford, Lincolnshire.—Garden and 
Farm Seeds. 
John Downie, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh. — Kitchen- 
Garden, and Flower Seeds. 
Thomas Methven & Sons, 15, Princes Street, Edinburgh. — 
Garden, Flower, and Agricultural Seeds. 
THE EARLIEST PEA IN THE WORLD 
CARTERS’ 
LIGHTNING 
‘ ‘ Four Days Earlier than 
Ringleader.” 
Mr. Wilson, Gardener to the Most 
Noble the Marquis of Harrington. 
“ Ten Days Earlier than 
First and Best. ” 
Mr. Rabone, Gardener to the Right 
Hon. the Earl of Shrewsbury. 
EVERY GROWER OF EARLY PEAS 
SHOULD TRY THIS NOYELTY. 
Price in Sealed Packets, 
2/6 per pint; post free, 2 1 10. 
CARTERS’, 
ROYAL SEEDSMEN BY SEALED WARRANT, 
1 High Holborn, London, 
SPECIAL CULTURE OF 
-—- 
LONDON SEED TRADE. 
January 4th. 
Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, and 39, 
Seed Market, Mark Lane, London, report a better 
trade in Clovers of all descriptions, as some of the larger 
dealers are now securing part of their season’s require¬ 
ments. English Red Clover and Cow Grass continue 
scarce, and realise high prices ; but all foreign-grown 
Clovers offer at remarkably low figures. Hemp Seed 
is dearer. Canaiy and Linseed are firm. Mustard and 
Rape neglected. 
- ->T<- - 
COYENT 
GARDEN 
January 5th. 
MARKET. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s.d. s.d. 
Apples, i sieve.13 3 6 
Grapes .per lb. 10 3 0 
Grapes, Chan. Islands, 
per lb. 1 0 13 
Kent Cobs_100 lbs. 50 0 
Melons .each 0 6 2 0 
Pears, 1-sieve. 
Pears, French, doz. .. 
Pine-apples, St. 
Michaels, each 
Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 
s.d. 
2 6 
1 6 
3 0 
1 0 
s.d 
6 0 
2 6 
8 0 
2 0 
Vegetables.—Average Retail Prices. 
s.d. s.d. 
3 0 
Artichokes, Globe,doz. 2 0 
Beans, French, per lb. 0 6 
Beet, per dozen. 2 0 3 0 
Cabbages_per doz. 2 0 2 6 
Carrots.per bun. 0 9 
Cauliflowers, English, 
per dozen . 40 60 
Celery, per bundle ..20 
Cucumbers, each .... 0 6 10 
Endive, French, doz. 2 6 3 6 
Herbs, per bunch_ 0 2 0 4 
Potatos.- Kent Regents, 80s. to 100s. per ton ; Kent Kidneys, 
80s. to 100s. per ton ; Champions, 70s. per ton. 
s.d. 
Horse Radish, bundle 3 0 
Lettuces ..per dozen 2 0 
Mushrooms, p. basket 0 9 
Onions, per bushel ..40 
Parsley, per hunch .. 0 
Radishes, per dozen.. 1 
Sea Kale.. per punnet 2 
Small salading,punnet 0 
Spinach, per strike .. 2 
Tomatos, per lb.1 
Turnips_ per bun. 0 6 
s.d. 
5 0 
3 0 
1 3 
5 0 
Cut Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
1 6 
1 0 
6 0 
2 0 
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 
Azalea .... 12 sprays 
Bouvardias, per bun. 
Camellias.... per doz. 
Carnations, 12 blooms 
Chrysanthemums, 
12 bun .IS 0 30 0 
Chrysanthemums, 
12 blooms 2 
Epiphyllum, 12 blms. 0 
Eucharis, per dozen.. 5 
Gardenias, 12 blooms. 9 
Heliotropes, 12 sprays 0 
Hyacinths, Homan, 12 
sprays 09 16 
Lilium longiflorum, 
"l2 blooms 6 0 9 0 
Lilium speciosum, 
12 blooms 
Lily of the Valley, 
12 sprays 0 9 16 
s.d. [ s.d. 
0 Marguerites, 12 bun... 3 0 
0 
4 
0 6 
0 15 
6 1 
6 0 
0 6 
Mignonette, 12 bun... 3 0 
Myosoris, 12 hunches 
Pelargoniums,12spys. 1 0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, 
12 sprays ..OS 
Primula, double, bun. 1 0 
Roses (coloured) .... 1 0 
Roses, Tea, per dozen 1 0 
Roses, mixed, per doz. 1 0 
— Saffrano .. per doz. 2 0 
Stephanotis 12 sprays 
Sunflower_12 bun. 
Tropaeolums . 2 0 
Tuberoses, per dozen. 0 9 
Tulips ... .12 blooms 0 9 
Violets.12 bun. 1 0 
— French_12 bun. 2 0 
-Parme..l2 bun. 5 0 
White Jasmine, bun. 0 9 
White Lilac per bun. 6 0 
s.d. 
6 0 
6 0 
1 6 
4 0 
3 6 
2 0 
4 0 
3 0 
7 0 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s.d. s.d. ( 
Aralia Sieboldi, doz.. 6 0 IS 0 
Chrysanthemums „ 12 0 24 0 
Cyclamen_perdoz.12 0 24 0 
Cyperus ..per dozen 4 0 12 0 
Dracaena term., doz. .30 0 60 0 
— viridis, per dozen 12 0 24 0 
Epiphyllums, perdoz.12 0 30 0 
Erica, various ..doz. 9 0 18 0 
Evergreens, in var., 
per dozen . 6 0 24 0 
Ferns, in var., do .. 4 0 18 0 
F cus elastica each ..16 76 
s.d. s.d. 
Foliage Plants, vari¬ 
ous, each. 2 0 10 6 
Hyacinths, 
per doz. pots 9 0 12 0 
Marguerites per doz. 9 0 12 0 
Mignonette, .per doz. 
Palms in variety, each 2 6 21 0 
Pelargoniums,scarlet, 
per dozen . 30 60 
Poinsettias ..perdoz.12 0 IS 0 
Single Primula or 
sinensis .doz. 4 0 6 0 
Tulips ..per doz. pots S 0 10 0 
CONTENTS. 
PAGE 
Ansellia africana nilotica.. 301 
Cattleyas, culture of. 294 
Chrysanthemum culture .. 293 
Clivia miniata. 293 
Conifers for planting .... 293 
Dropmore in winter. 299 
Errol Park . 294 
Eucharis amazonica.300 
Eugenia myrtifolia . 300 
Floriculture. 302 
Flower Garden, the. 295 
Frost, the recent . 292 
Fruit, a neglected. 299 
Gardeners’ Calendar. 301 
Gladiolus, the. 292 
Hibbertia dentata. 300 
PAGE 
Maxillaria picta. 301 
Milford Nursery, the. 296 
Medlar, the . . 292 
Novelties of the Season .. 29S 
Odontoglossura crispum 
guttatum . 301 
Orange, Otaheite . 300 
Orchid Growers' Calendar 300 
Pears, ripening of. 300 
Peas, early . 296 
Potato, the Dean . 299 
Primula, the Chinese. 291 
Rhododendrons,greenhouse 29S 
Scottish notes. 295 
Stephanotis floribunda.... 300 
Thorn, the Fiery. 292 
FRUIT TREES AND ROSES. 
A Large and Select Stock is now offered for Sale. 
The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of Fruits 
Post Free. 
The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses Post Free. 
THOMAS RIYERS & SON, 
NURSERIES, SAWBRID0EW0RTH, HERTS. 
ORCHIDS A SPECIALITY. 
The Stock at the Clapton Nuisery is of such magnitude that 
without seeing it it is not easy to form aa adequate conception 
of its unprecedented extent. 
Fruit Trees, Winter & Spring-blooming Plants 
Of fine quality and immense numbers. 
Morello Cherries and Victoria Plums by the lOOO. 
Inspection InviteeL 
The Glass Structures cover an area of 2S2,600 super, feet. 
HUGH LOW & Co., 
CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, N. 
PRIZE C OB FILBERT TREES. 
MR. COOPER, F.R.H.S., 
OF 
CALCOT GARDENS, READING, BERKS, 
IS THE 
LARGEST GROWER OF NUT TREES FOR SALE 
IN THE KINGDOM. 
Price Lists and Pamphlets on application. 
To those about to Plant Roses, &c. 
E WING’S CATALOGUE contains short 
and plain cultural notes, besides descriptions and prices 
of the best Roses, and, in addition, 2S pages are devoted to 
Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Fruit Trees, Climbing Plants, Horti¬ 
cultural Requisites, &c. It is forwarded, post free, to applicants 
on receipt of three penny stamps, or gratis to customers. 
Abridged List of low-priced, carriage and package free Collec¬ 
tions of high-class Roses gratis and post free. 
EWING & Co., 
SEA VIEW HURSERIES, HAVANT, HAMPSHIRE. 
Price, Is. ; by Post, is. Id. New Book on Roses. 
ROSE-GROWING 
By D. GILMOUR, Jun., F.R.H.S. 
Of the Author, Sandygate, Sheffield, or of Wm. Cate, Bourerie 
Street E.C. 
Our Primulas. 
They are now in full flower, and show a wonderful advance on 
any before seen. 
Dahlia Roots for Immediate Propagation. 
We have the largest and most complete collection in the 
world. Catalogue with full particulars sent post free. 
Lovely Spotted Calceolarias. 
We have many thousands of fine plants. They are the choicest 
of all strains. In 60's, 4s. per dozen ; in 5-inch pots, 9s. per doz. 
Chrysanthemums. 
Die largest, most complete, and best kept collection in the 
world. Beautiful illustrated and descriptive Catalogue of the 
whole family sent post free. 
Mr. Copson, Bevere Manor Gardens, Worcester, 31st December, 
1SS7.—“Chrysanthemum Catalogue to hand. It is the best I 
have seen.” _ 
H. CAN NELL & SONS, 
THE HOME OF FLOWERS, 
SWANLEY, KENT. 
