510 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
April 7, 1888. 
Orchids were fairly represented. H. Tate, Esq. 
(gardener, Mr. J. Edwards), staged the premier four, 
which were Odontoglossum radiatum, with four spikes 
and thirty-seven flowers; Cypripedium villosum, thirty- 
nine flowers ; Maxillaria Harrisoni, eighteen flowers ; 
and Cattleya Mendelii. K. Young, Esq. (gardener, 
Mr. T. Poynter), was second, showing Dendrobium 
nobile Wallickianum (very fine), and D. crassinode ; 
Mr. A. R. Cox was third, and in his group was a 
Phahunopsis Schilleriana, with thirty-nine flowers. 
The best single specimen was Dendrobium Jamesianum, 
staged by Mr. J. Jellieoe. For the single bouquet 
(open), Mr. G. Cashel and Messrs. Fishlock Bros, were 
placed in the order named ; and the successful amateurs 
were Mr. H. Mercer, Mr. J. TV. Sandback, and Mrs. 
Watts. 
Cut Roses brought out a good competition, and 
E. H. Harrison, Esq., had half-a-dozen particularly 
nice blooms. The class for twelve bunches of cut 
flowers (distinct) was closely contested, and the 
specimens were all of great merit, though so much 
cannot be said of the staging. The first prize lot came 
from Mr. A. R. Cox, and contained some good Orchids, 
&c. 
Miscellaneous subjects were shown in, perhaps, 
stronger force than ever. Cultural Certificates were 
awarded to Messrs. I. Davis & Co. for a basket of 
splendid Mushrooms ; and to Mr. T. TVinkworth for a 
collection of cut flowers of Hellebores. Certificates of 
Merit were awarded to R. C. Naylor, Esq., for a 
collection of Apples in good condition ; to Messrs. 
Fishlock Bros, for crosses, wreaths, bouquets, sprays, 
&c.; to Messrs. Davies & Co. for Amaryllis, Palms, 
Orchids, Lily of the Yalley, Hyacinths, &c.; to Messrs. 
R. P. Her & Sons for a group of Azalea indica, A. 
mollis, Spirceas, &e. ; to Messrs. J. Dickson & Sons, 
Chester, for a group of Narcissus ; to the Liverpool 
Horticultural Co. (John Cowan) for a varied collection 
of plants ; to Mrs. Yesty for a collection of skeleton 
leaves and dried flowers ; to Mr. Joseph Braham for 
boilers, &c.; to Mr. A. Huxley for heating apparatus ; 
and to Messrs. TV. TYood & Son for Orchid peat, &c. 
Messrs. F. & J. Mee had models of their patent boiler ; 
Mr. T. Bethell samples of his postal boxes ; and the 
Covent Garden Seed Company an ingenious automatic 
machine, whereby for Id. there can be had at the will 
of the purchaser any one of the twelve varieties of seeds 
that it contains. The arrangements were in the hands 
of the committee, and were satisfactorily carried out 
under the supervision of Mr. T. TYhite, chairman ; 
Mr. J. Powell, vice-chairman : and Mr. E. Bridge, 
secretary. - 
Royal Caledonian Horticultural.— 
April 4 th and, 5th. 
The annual spring show of this society'took place on 
the above dates in the TVaverley Market, Edinburgh, 
and though not larger than that of last year, was 
superior to it in the greater number of flowering plants 
exhibited. The leading prize-winners in the nursery¬ 
men’s classes were Messrs. R. B. Laird & Sons, who 
secured first honours for a table of plants, a dozen 
Rhododendrons, four greenhouse Rhododendrons, four 
Azaleas, six Palms, six Crotons and Dracaenas, a pair 
of tree Ferns, a dozen exotic plants for table decoration, 
a dozen hardy Conifers, and a dozen Camellias, cut 
blooms ; and Messrs. Ireland & Thompson, who were 
first in classes for a dozen Rhododendrons, the same 
number of Conifers, and twelve forced plants. Mr. 
James Bryson, Helensburgh, had the best show and 
alpine Auriculas, also the best cut Roses and button¬ 
hole bouquets. 
The gardeners’ and amateurs’ classes were all well 
contested, and among the leading prize-winners were 
Mr. Donaldson, Murrayfield, who contributed the best 
table of plants ; Mr. Robertson Munro, for the best 
table of hardy spring-flowering plants, a very meritorious 
group ; Mr. McKinnon, Melville Castle, for the best 
sixteen forced plants in bloom ; Mr. John Paterson, 
Millbank, and Mr. M’Lennan, Restalrig House, for 
Azaleas ; Mr. Paterson also for six stove and greenhouse 
plants, greenhouse Rhododendrons, Azalea mollis, 
Heaths, Gleichenias, &e. ; Mr. R. Grossart, Oswald 
House, for stove and greenhouse plants, fine-foliaged 
plants, Polyanthus Narcissus, cut Orchids, &c. ; Mr. 
John R. Curror, Eskbank, for half a dozen Orchids ; 
Mr. McIntyre, The Glen, Innerleithen, for three 
Orchids; Mr. Forbes, Rockville, Murrayfield, for 
exotic and filmy Ferns, &e. The Lawson Seed and 
Nursery Co. exhibited a table of plants, all fine- 
foliaged, and including a fine assortment of Japanese 
Maples ; Messrs. Thomas Methven & Sons also con¬ 
tributed a capital table of decorative plants. 
There was a considerable display of Hyacinths, 
Tulips, and other spring-blooming bulbous plants; 
but in no case was the quality above the average. The 
best Hyacinths came from Mr. H. Sime, Ridge Park, 
Lanark ; Mr. T. Pearson, Beechwood ; Mr. A. Dunlop, 
South Bank ; and Mr. J. Barnie, Jock’s Lodge ; the 
last-named exhibitor and Mr. Paterson, TVillow Brae 
House, staging the finest Tulips. Mr. Barnie had also 
the best nine pots of garden Narcissus. The cut flower 
classes were all well contested. 
Fruits and vegetables were not largely exhibited, 
but in the former section Mr. John Brunton, of 
Gilmerton, staged a collection of seventy varieties of 
Apples, which created much interest. Mr. McIntyre, 
The Glen, sent the best Pine; Mr. M’Kelvie, Brox- 
mouth Park, the finest Strawberries and kitchen and 
dessert Apples ; Mr. Smith, Oxenford Castle, the best 
black Grapes ; Mr. Gideon Potter, North Berwick, the 
best dessert Pears ; and Mr. Brunton the best cooking 
varieties. Mr. Gideon Potter also staged the best 
collection of twelve varieties of vegetables. 
-- 
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS, 
Making Garden Waxes. — H. Aldridge: Your walks should 
have a good solid foundation of stones and lime rubbish, not old 
mortar, as the latter never binds firmly, whereas siftings of lime 
will do so. The use of lime prevents to a greater or less extent 
the passage of worms to the surface, which they destroy with 
their castings. If there is any danger of the walks being flooded 
during heavy rains, a drain must be put in, and gratings placed 
at intervals to carry off the surface water. The walks, after the 
gravel is laid on, should be a little higher in the centre than at 
the sides, so as to carry off the water. 
Rotation of Onion Crops. — E. Henderson: It is not the 
usual custom to sow Onions on the same piece of ground for a 
number of years in succession; but we have known a ease where 
Onions had been grown on a south border for eighteen or twenty 
years in succession, and the crop rarely failed to give satisfactory 
results, while usually the crop was a heavy one. The secret 
was, no doubt, owing to deep cultivation, heavy manuring, and 
occasionally by the application of soot-water if any sign of the 
maggot made its appearance during the earlier stages of growth. 
Frankenia laevis. — G. Burden: This seaside plant sometimes 
proves rather refractory when planted on rockeries, especially 
on dry exposed places. It likes a moist position, or one where 
the soil never becomes hard and baked, nor dust dry during 
droughty weather in summer. If these evils are guarded against, 
the Sea Heath may soon be made to cover considerable patches 
on the lower and moister parts of the rockery. 
Black Beetles. — A. Henderson: Phosphor Paste is one of 
the best destroyers of these insects that prove so annoying to 
you. Spread on slices of bread, and lay it about at night in 
places frequented by the insects and remove it in the morning, 
putting it out of the way of harm, and repeat the operation for 
several nights successively. 
Climber. — A Constant Header: Climbers to suit your purposes 
exactly are very difficult to obtain, because many things that are 
strictly deciduous in a cool house, where frost is merely kept 
out, become more or less evergreen in a warm temperature. By 
using the common Passion Flower (Passiflora eoerulea) or some 
of its garden hybrids or varieties, any amount of shading can be 
secured by regulating the branches and cutting away those that 
are not required. If flowers are desired, tie in shoots their full 
length, as bloom is only produced on the running lateral branches. 
Prune hard back in winter so as to get the full benefit of light 
for your plants underneath. A vine might be introduced and 
treated much in the same way, taking care not to overdo the 
shading. In a properly moist atmosphere insects will give little 
or no trouble. Some of the many forms of Clematis might 
answer your purpose, but those just mentioned will give greater 
satisfaction. 
Camellia Buds Dropping. — Pilate: There is nothing radically 
wrong in the treatment to which your plants are subjected, and 
the specimens you sent us exhibit every appearance of being 
healthy. But from your description we are strongly of opinion 
that the plants are forced to make their growth and form their 
flower buds too early for the time they are required to come 
into bloom. They have, therefore, to hang too long on the 
plants before the natural temperature is sufficiently high to aid 
their expansion, and they consequently drop off. In other words 
they are prepared for forcing by being started intogrowth and 
matured early, and require the assistance of a higher tempera¬ 
ture to enable them to expand properly at an earlier period 
than you want them. The difficulty might also be got over by 
allowing them to make their growth naturally without forcing, 
so that the flowers may come in late. 
Names of Plants. — W. Y.: Polypodium Billardieri; 2, Odonto¬ 
glossum luteo-purpureum, var. hystrix; 3, Laelia cinnabarina; 
4, Odontoglossum triumphans ; 5, Dendrobium Wardianum, with 
large and highly coloured flowers, similar to the variety named 
D. W. Lowii. 
Communications Received. —J. H. and TV. J., Birmingham 
(many thanks).—TV. S.—J. J.—T. TV.—M. I.—R. D.—J. Y. & S. 
—J. H.—J. & A.— De B. C. 
--->X<-- 
TRADE CATALOGUE EECEIYED. 
Geo, Humphries, Chippenham.—Dahlias, Bedding Plants, &c. 
-- 
LONDON SEED TRADE. 
April ah. 
Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, and 39, 
Seed Market, Mark Lane, London, report a moderate 
inquiry for farm seeds, trade being restricted owing 
to bad weather. Values remain firm at present re¬ 
markably low range. Spring Tares are held for an 
advance of Is. per quarter. Bird seeds unchanged. 
THE WEATHER. 
At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean reading 
of the barometer during the week ending March 31st 
was 28'98 in. ; the lowest reading was 28'57 in. on 
Wednesday afternoon, and the highest 29'80 in. at the 
end of the week. The mean temperature of the air was 
40 '0°, and 3 '4° below the average in the corresponding 
weeks of the twenty years ending 1S68. The mean 
showed a slight excess on Thursday, but was below 
the average on each of the other days of the week. 
The direction of the wind was variable, and the 
horizontal movement of the air averaged 11'1 miles 
per hour, which was 1 '3 mile below the average in the 
corresponding weeks of sixteen years. Rain fell on 
six days of the week, to the aggregate amount of 0'87 
of an inch. The duration of registered bright sunshine 
in the week was 11'2 hours, against 13'4 hours at 
Glynde Place, Lewes. 
OOYENT GARDEN MARKET. 
April 5th. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s.d. s.d. j s.d. s.d. 
Apples, 4 sieve. 2 0 5 0 Pine-apple3, St. 
Grapes .per lb. 3 0 6 0 Michaels, each_ 2 0 5 0 
Kent Cobs ... .100 lbs.40 0 45 0 Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 10 20 
Pears, French, doz. ..3 0 6 0 Strawberries .. per lb. 4 0 10 0 
Vegetables.—Average Retail Prices. 
s.d. s.d. 
Artichokes, Globe,doz. 2 0 3 0 
Beans, French, per lb. 5 0 
Beet, per dozen. 2 0 3 0 
BrusselsSprouts,perlb 0 4 
Cabbages_per doz. 2 0 2 6 
Carrot s.per bun. 0 6 
Cauliflowers, English, 
per dozen . 40 60 
Celery, per bundle ..20 
Cucumbers, each_0 9 13 
Endive, French, doz. 2 6 3 6 
Herbs, per bunch.... 0 2 0 4 
s.d. s.d. 
Horse Radish, bundle 3 0 5 0 
Lettuces .. per dozen 2 0 3 0 
Mushrooms, p. basket 0 9 13 
Onions, per bushel ..7 0 9 0 
Parsley, per bunch ..06 
Radishes, per dozen.. 1 6 
Sea Kale.. per punnet 2 6 3 0 
Small salading, punnet 0 4 
Spinach, per strike ..20 
Tomatos, per lb . 2 6 3 0 
Turnips_ per bun. 0 6 
Potatos. —Kent Regents, 80s. to 100s. per ton ; Kent Kidneys. 
80s. to 100s. per ton ; Champions, 70s. per ton. 
Plants in Pots.—Avee 
s.d. s.d. 
Aralia Sieboldi, doz.. 6 0 18 0 
Azalea .per doz.24 0 36 0 
Cineraria ..per dozen 6 0 12 0 
Cyclamen_per doz.12 0 24 0 
Cyperus ..per dozen 4 0 12 0 
Dracaena term., doz.. 30 0 60 0 
— viridis, per dozen 12 0 24 0 
Epiphyllums, per doz.12 0 24 0 
Erica ventricosa doz. IS 0 30 0 
— various .doz. 9 0 IS 0 
Evergreens, in var., 
per dozen . 6 0 24 0 
Ferns, in var., do .. 4 0 IS 0 
Ficus elastica each.. 16 7 6 
Cut Flowers.—Averj 
s.d. s.d. 
Acacia or Mimosa,bun. 0 9 16 
Anemone (French), 
doz. bunches 16 4 0 
— fulgens, 
doz. bunches 3 0 6 0 
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 4 0 6 0 
Azalea .... 12 sprays 06 10 
Bouvardias, per bun. 0 6 10 
Camellias... .per doz. 10 3 0 
Carnations, 12 blooms 16 3'0 
Cineraria, per doz.bun.6 0 12 0 
Cyclamen.. 12 blooms 0 4 0 6 
Daffodils ( double), 
12 bun. 4 0 6 0 
— single. ,, 4 0 9 0 
— (or Lent Lily) ,, 2 0 6 0 
Epiphyllum, 12 blms. 0 4 0 6 
Eucharis, per dozen.. 4 0 6 0 
Gardenias, 12 blooms. 3 0 6 0 
Heliotropes, 12 sprays 0 6 10 
Hyacinths, Roman, 12 
sprays 06 10 
Lilium longiflorum, 
12 blooms 4 0 6 0 
Lily of the Yalley, 
12 sprays 0 6 10 
age Wholesale Prices. 
s.d. s.d. 
Foliage Plants, vari¬ 
ous, each. 2 0 10 6 
Genistas.per doz S 0 12 0 
Hyacinths, 
per doz. pots 6 0 10 0 
Lily ofYalley,perdoz.l5 0 IS 0 
Marguerites per doz. 9 0 12 0 
Palms in variety, each 2 6 21 0 
Pelargoniums,scarlet, 
per dozen . 30 60 
Pelargoniums, dozenlS 0 24 0 
Primula sinensis, doz. 4 0 6 0 
Spiraeas.per doz. 9 0 15 0 
i Tulips .. per doz. pots 6 0 10 0 
ge Wholesale Prices. 
s.d. s'd. 
Marguerites, 12 bun... 3 0 6 0 
Mignonette, 12 bun... 3 0 6 0 
Narcissus, various, 
12 bun. 3 0 6 0 
Paper-white Narcissus, 
12 bun. 10 2 0 
Pelargoniums,12 spys. 10 16 
— scarlet, 12 sprays ..0 6 0 9 
Primroses_12 bun. 10 2 0 
Primula, double, bun. 10 16 
Roses (coloured) .... 2 0 4 0 
— Tea _per dozen 10 6 0 
— Red.per doz. 2 0 6 0 
— Saffrano .. per doz. 16 3 0 
Snowdrops .. .12 bun. 10 4 0 
Tropieolums . 20 30 
Tuberoses, per dozen. 16 2 0 
Tulips ....12 blooms 0 6 10 
Violets.12 bun. 0 9 10 
— French_12 bun.lS 0 24 0 
-Parme.. 1 bun. 2 0 3 0 
White Jasmine, 
per bun. 0 9 16. 
White Lilac per bun. 3 6 6 0 
CONTENTS. 
Amaryllis at Holloway.. 
PAGE 1 
.. 507 
Anthurium, a new. 
.. 504' 
Auriculas. 
.. 504 
Bee-keeper, the . 
.. 50S 
Begonia manicata . 
.. 50S 
Bulb structure . 
.. 505 
Choisya ternata . 
.. 507 
Cissus discolor . 
.. 507 
Olivias, a collection of .. 
.. 507 
Daffodils from Ireland .. 
.. 504 
Emmerton the florist .. 
.. 504 
Epidendrum atropurpureum 
roseum . 
.. 50S 
Floriculture. 
.. 504 
Gardeners’ Calendar_ 
.. 509 
Gongora truncata . 
.. 509 
Hardy plant house. 
.. 506 
Horticultural Societies.. 
.. 509 
PAGE 
Kennedya prostrata Marry- 
attse. 505 
Lethorion. 507 
Lycaste Harrisoniae . 509 
Oncidium sarcodes. 502 
Orchid-grower’s Calendar 50S 
Peas, new. 50S 
Pines for present plauting 502 
Roses, forced H. P.507 
R. H. S., the. 506 
Rudgea macrophylla. 507 
Scotland, notes from. 503 
Scottish Hort. Association 503 
Season, the . 501 
Spring flowers. 503 
Stock, the .501 
Tulip, the florist’s .504 
Westbrook, Sheflield.507 
G ARDENER (HEAD). —A middle-aged, 
thoroughly competent man, who has had over 30 years’ 
practical experience in all branches of gardening, and who has a 
special knowledge of Orchids and their culture, is now open to 
an engagement. First-class testimonials from previous em¬ 
ployers.—Apply, X. X., Gardening World Office, 17, Catherine 
►Street, Covent Garden, W.C. 
S COTCH GARDENERS. — 
John Downie (of the late firm of Downie & Laird), Seeds¬ 
man, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh, has at present on his List 
a number of SCOTCH GARDENERS waiting re-engagements. 
He will be pleased to supply full particulars to auy Lady, 
Nobleman, or Gentleman requiring a trustworthy and competent 
Gardener. 
