June 23, 1888. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
683 
surface being distinctly yellow, while the upper or 
inner face, although not exactly scarlet, yet is a near 
approach to it, and might he described as a brownish 
or coppery scarlet. Unfortunately it is very impatient 
of smoke, and does not flower at all well in the 
neighbourhood of towns, but at best may be described 
as rather a shy flower. It delights in rather a dry 
position, and seems to do best when planted, against a 
wall, but will also thrive sufficiently well in beds to 
warrant its being planted out on the grass. 
The Wrinkled Japan Rose. 
A list of choice and beautiful single Roses would be 
very incomplete were this one omitted, for whether in 
flower, fruit or foliage merely, it is wonderfully distinct 
and striking amongst single Roses. It was introduced 
from Japan as recently as 1871, and has already given 
rise to a number of varieties, both single and double. 
The deep red and the pure white single forms are 
unquestionably fine, and ought to find a place in every 
garden where Roses are grown. A mass of them on a 
bank are beautiful objects, both when covered with 
their deliciously fragrant flowers, or with their orange- 
scarlet Apple-like fruits. The latter hang on a long 
time through late summer and autumn, till frost causes 
them to lose colour, or they shrivel. A semi-double 
already in this country is interesting, but wants im¬ 
proving, and once the tendency to double has been 
commenced, the hybridist or raiser has something to 
work upon and improve. 
The Polyantha or Many-flowered Rose. 
The single and typical form of this Japan species is 
pretty, but cannot be described as conspicuous or showy. 
The flowers are exceedingly numerous, it is true, but 
they are small and white. The varieties to which it 
has already given rise, however, are both numerous and 
charming. Some of the more recent are Anemoniflora, 
a fairy diminutive variety with double white flowers, 
resembling a white Ranunculus or Wood Anemone 
rather than a Rose ; and Little Dot, which is a 
charming thing for button-hole work, with small, firm, 
conical, rose-coloured buds that seem for the purpose 
made. Altogether the forms to which it has given rise 
by hybridisation are exceedingly various, owing, no 
doubt, to the different species with which it has been 
hybridised. The fruit of some is very ornamental. 
-- 
WALL FRUIT TREES IN 
COTTAG-E GARDENS. 
There are some persons who think that the cottager 
should not concern himself in growing what are termed 
the higher kinds of fruit. Why not ? There is man}'- 
a bit of cottage, shed, or garden wall that might be 
utilised for growing a few Peaches, Plums, Morello 
Cherries, or other fruits of a similar character. If he 
does not care to consume the fruits himself, there are 
generally some neighbours better off who might be 
willing to buy them. If any Peach, Nectarine, Apricot, 
or Plum tree has a heavy crop of fruit, some of them 
should be thinned out, so that those which are left 
may swell to their full size. It is much better to have 
a few fine and well-matured fruits than a large number 
of small and ill-matured ones, as the former command 
a higher price than those of a smaller size. In addition, 
any young wood growths that are not required to 
“lay in,” as gardeners say, in order to make fruiting 
wood another year, should be cut away, so that the sun 
might fall upon and assist in ripening the fruit. In 
all cases the trees will be benefited by a mulching of 
manure laid upon the surface of the ground round the 
stem. If the cottager is to grow fruit of the kinds 
mentioned, he must cultivate well—he must not only 
mulch, but keep his trees clear of vermin by washing 
and syringing, and help them in every way. 
The other day I listened to a discussion on the 
management of cottage gardens by cottagers. One 
disputant said they were too ignorant to grow anything 
else but the commonest fruits and vegetables. I asked 
him if he could suggest any means himself, or was he 
personally doing anything himself to lift them out of 
this level of ignorance, but he had no remedy, and as 
far as individual effort was concerned he thought it best 
to let them alone. I am not in favour of letting them 
alone. I think we should do all that can be done by 
way of aiding the cottager to become a fruit cultivator, 
and in this way add to his means, and at the same 
time enlarge his intelligence. 1 am glad to see about 
the country evidence that the cottager who labours in 
the fields all day is also a fruit gardener. 
All wall fruit trees that bear their fruit on the wood 
of the previous season, such as the Apricot, Peach, 
Nectarine, and the Morello Cherry, should have their 
branches trained close to the walls ; while all those 
which bear their fruit on the projecting spurs, such as 
the Pear, Plum, and the common Cherry, should have 
their projecting spurs left. These are matters of 
importance and should be borne in mind, because a 
crop of fruit depends to a large extent upon the 
observance of these facts as rules for guidance. 
Some cottagers grow a Vine against their houses, and 
I have seen fine and serviceable Grapes grown in this 
way, and especially on chalky and limestone soils. 
Better Grapes can be grown on gravel than on clay 
soil ; in the latter case the Vines are very apt to be 
affected with mildew. Now is the time to summer- 
prune Vines by stopping the young shoots a few joints 
beyond the fruit.— E. TV. 
-- 
Hardening Miscellany. 
Pelargonium, Duchess of Teck. 
From Messrs. Fisher, Son & Sibray, Handsworth 
Nurseries, Sheffield, we have received some cut blooms 
of this fine double white decorative variety, which was 
certificated at the great Whitsuntide exhibition at 
Manchester last year. The flowers are large and pure 
white, with the exception of the violet-purple stamens 
and style, which of course can be easily removed if 
considered essential to the beauty of the bloom. The 
petals are of great substance, broad, undulated, and 
crisped, varying from five to ten, so that the flowers 
are really inclined to become double, which would no 
doubt add to their durability when cut. For decorative 
or cut-flower purposes the variety is an acquisition, as 
a few trusses make a beautiful and attractive bouquet, 
even when done up with their own foliage, as in the 
case of those sent us. The individual leaves are 
broadly reniform, light green, leathery, and of great 
size. 
Fruit Prospects. 
The reports from several districts on the ravages 
committed by the maggot on Apples, Pears, &c., are 
fully borne out in this locality. I never saw the leaves 
riddled with such severity as they are this season, and 
even the fruit is also attacked. Of Apples there will 
be a sprinkling ; Pears are a good set ; Plums good ; 
Cherries good ; Damsons good ; bush fruits an excellent 
crop ; Strawberries a splendid crop, and with fine 
weather, after the beneficial rain which has lately 
visited us, we may get some fine berries. Raspberries 
are showing well, and kitchen garden crops have also 
much improved since the rain fell, but owing to the 
prevalent north-east winds, were at one time greatly 
retarded, though noware making clean healthy growth. 
— J. S. Trevor, Bryngwyn Gardens, Oswestry. 
So far the prospects of a good season in this district are 
decidedly encouraging. Apples have set a good crop, 
and so also have Pears, especially the Jargonelle and 
stewing or late sorts. May Duke Cherries are good and 
Morellos excellent. Plums will not be an average. 
Black and White Currants and Gooseberries are a full 
crop, but the caterpillars are making their appearance 
on the latter. Raspberries, though the plants are 
small owing to last summer’s drought, are promising 
well; but the Strawberries are very unequal. We have 
had some good growing weather lately in the daytime, 
but the nights are rather chilly. Vegetable crops look 
remarkably well and full of vigour. — B. L., TVest 
Riding, Yorkshire. 
The Apple Maggot. 
This has proved most disastrous this year in our large 
district of East Anglia. The blooming season was so 
late that the set was considered safe. However, the 
process was so slow that the majority of the blooms 
failed to set, and hardly had the young fruits appeared 
fairly safe than a plague of maggots swooped down on 
the leaves, shoots, and fruits with such force that 
hardly a perfect leaf or fruit is left in some gardens and 
orchards. The tattered leaves look more as if grape- 
shot had passed through them. It is a fact, not 
exaggeration, to add that scarcely a sound perfect leaf 
can be found in some gardens. When to this is added 
that a good many of the trees flowered very sparingly, 
nothing more need be adduced to show that Apple 
baskets will be scantily filled throughout large districts 
this year. Still, here and there, gardens and orchards 
have full crops, sometimes almost within sight of those 
that are thus maggot-eaten and bare of fruit. — D. T. F. 
The Waterloo Peach. 
While paying a visit recently to the fine gardens at 
Mereworth Castle, I had an opportunity of seeing this 
Peach in beautiful condition, and Mr. Markham, the 
gardener, informed me he had none to equal it for 
earliness. Growing by the side of Grosse Mignonne in 
the same house, it is five or six weeks earlier than that 
variety ; the fruit is of good size, and I should think 
many of them would weigh half-a-pound each, not a 
bad size for a tree that was carrying a good crop. It is 
evidently a variety that would pay to grow for market. 
I also saw in another house a tree of Hale’s Early, 
carrying a crop of splendid fruit, but this house, Mr. 
Markham informed me, was started six weeks earlier 
than the one which contained the Waterloo, hence its 
earliness.— TV. C. Y. 
Calceolarias at Forest Hill. 
A large houseful of Calceolarias in Messrs. J. Carter 
& Co.’s nursery at Forest Hill has been an attractive 
sight for some time past. Being grown near the 
glass in a well-ventilated house, the plants are 
surprisingly dwarf and compact, so that the panicles or 
trusses of bloom appear hovering over a small mass of 
foliage. As the plants are grown solely for seed, great 
care is exercised in crossing only the best varieties, and 
in selecting the best after the seedlings come into bloom. 
This latter operation is termed the weeding out of the 
rogues, that is, those of inferior quality, both as regards 
habit, size of flower, beauty and distinctness of the 
markings. The colours are really legion in a high-class 
strain like that under notice. Those that are spotted, 
marbled or netted with red, brown and crimson on a 
ground of a lighter colour, are generally the most at¬ 
tractive and popular with the public generally ; but 
many of the self-colours are, nevertheless, very hand¬ 
some, and worthy of cultivation in any collection. 
Some of these are yellow, golden yellow, crimson, 
purple, brownish crimson, bronze, maroon, orange, and 
all tints and shades of an intermediate character. 
Dracaena Rossii. 
The ground colour of this bold-looking Dracaena is of 
a deep bronzy green, heavily banded and striped with 
red from the base upwards or along the whole length of 
the leaves. The latter are of medium width, and 
sufficiently pliable to avoid that rigid-looking appearance 
presented by many of the broader-leaved kinds now in 
cultivation. It, therefore, comes in useful for decora¬ 
tive purposes, being not too heavy, yet sufficiently 
so to form a fine contrast to Aralias, Crotons, Pandanus, 
and similar things now so much used for table 
decoration. We noticed some fine specimens of it the 
other day in Messrs. Hooper & Co.’s Pine Apple 
Nursery, MaidaYale. 
Gloxinias at Reading. 
There is just now a wonderful display of Gloxinias at 
Messrs. Sutton & Sons’ nursery, at Reading. It is 
astonishing to see plants from seed sown in February 
strong enough at only five months or less from the 
time of sowing to produce several fine flowers. Look¬ 
ing upon the magnificent blossoms in the collection, 
from pure white to the richest crimson and deep purple, 
one is forced to the conclusion that the day for naming 
varieties is passed. It would not be difficult to find in 
Messrs. Sutton & Sons’ collection a dozen or more 
varieties well worthy of names. Among them is a 
grand white, the flower of which is pure, very large, 
stout, and of the finest form. Of the spotted varieties 
there are some of exceeding beauty.— R. D. 
CyanopByllum Bowmanni, 
Very different is this plant from C. magnificum, which 
is the most popular of the species grown, and more 
resembles Sphaerogyne latifolia, but the stems are 
destitute of the dense covering of chaffy brown hairs so 
characteristic of the latter. The leaves of C. Bowmanni 
are much narrower than those of either—lanceolate 
elliptic, tapered to the base and strongly three nerved. 
These primary nerves are curiously connected with 
transverse ones running straight and at right angles to 
them. The foliage is deep green above, but scarcely 
exhibiting the bluish tint of the better known species, 
and is of a bright red beneath when grown near the 
glass, but, of course, not fully exposed to the full glare 
of the sun. All the three plants above mentioned are in 
fine condition in the nursery of Messrs. Hooper & Co., 
Maida Vale. 
