686 
THE GAEDENIN G WORLD 
June 23, 1888. 
Fuchsias, Gloxinias, Pelargoniums, and Stanhopea 
bucephala with huge flowers, and other things. A 
similar award was made to Messrs. Kelway & Son for 
single and double Paeonies, single and double Pyre- 
thrums, &c. A large and showy group was shown by 
Messrs. John Laing & Sons, Forest Hill, consisting of 
Cocos, Cycas, Pandanus, Caladium Ducliess de Monte- 
mart, C. argyrites, C. candidum, Alocasia Thibautiana, 
tuberous Begonias, Gloxinias, Ferns, and other things 
beautifully arranged ; they were awarded a Silver 
Medal. Mr. B. S. Williams, Upper Holloway, showed 
a fine group of plants, consisting of Cattleya Schil- 
leriana, C. Alossite, C. Mendelii, Odontoglossum 
vexillarium, Anguloa Clowesii, Yanda tricolor Patersoni, 
Palms, DracEenas, and others, for which he was awarded 
a large Silver Medal. A large Bronze Medal was 
awarded to Messrs. J. Carter k. Co., Forest Hill, for a 
large group of single and double Petunias, intermixed 
with many ornamental Grasses, such as Agrostis 
pulchella, Lamarkia aurea, Lagurus ovatus, and others. 
A Silver Medal was awarded to Messrs. H. Low & Co., 
Clapton, for a fine well-flowered group of Orchids, 
including Cypripedium bellatulum, Dendrobium Ben- 
sonire without the black blotch, Cattleya Mossiae 
Claptonensis, C. Alendelii Firthii, and others. A 
small Silver Aledal was awarded to Mr. F. J. Hill, 
gardener to H. Little, Esq., for a fine group of Cattleya 
Mosske, C. Alendelii, C. M. Mrs. Little, and Lselia 
purpurata. A similar award was made to Air. G. 
Elliott, gardener to W. F. Darnell, Esq., Stamford 
Hill, for a group of Cattleya gigas, C. Alossite, C. 
Mendelii, Epidendrum vitellinum majus, and others. 
In the corridor a beautiful group of cut flowers of 
Irises, P 3 r rethrums, Aquilegias, Ixias, Liliums, Turban 
Ranunculus, and other things were shown by Messrs. 
J. Yeitch & Sons, for which they were awarded a large 
Bronze Medal. A small Silver Aledal was given to Alessrs. 
F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, for a group of Orchids, 
containing Cyrtopodium Andersonianum, Phakenopsis 
Kimballiana, Cattleya Alossise, Odontoglossum Cora- 
dinei hemileucum and others. A small group of her¬ 
baceous plants, containing several species of Dianthus, 
Sedum, Alimulus radicans, &c., was shown by Alessrs. 
Paul & Son. 
All classes in the fruit section were open, and Air. J. 
Roberts, gardener to the Alessrs. Rothschild, Gunners- 
bury Park, Acton, took the first prize for a collection of 
fruit, any number of dishes. He had Foster’s Seedling 
Grape, Keen’s Seedling Strawberry, Smooth Cayenne 
Pine Apple, Alelons, Peaches, Cherries, Figs and others. 
Air. J. Edmonds, gardener to the Duke of St. Albans, 
Bestwood,was second. Air. T. Hare,Y/eUingore Gardens, 
Grantham, was first, and Air. J. Douglas second, for a 
brace of Alelons. Air. H. Cakebread, gardener to Sir 
P. F. Rose, Rayners, Bucks, was first for a Queen 
Pine Apple, Air. T. Coomber, gardener to J. A. Rolls, 
Esq., Hendre Gardens, Alonmouth, coming in second. 
Air. J. Aluir, gardener to C. R. AI. Talbot, Esq., 
Alargam Park, South Wales, was first for any other 
variety, and Air. AV. F. Smith was second. Air. J. 
Edmonds took the first prize in a well-contested class, 
for a basket of not less than 12 lbs. of black Grapes, 
having Hamburghs with large berries ; Air. T. Osman, 
gardener to L. J. Baker, Esq., Ottershaw Park, 
Chertsey, was second. For a similar basket of white 
Grapes Air. Robert Grindrod, gardener to Airs. Great- 
hed, Whitfield, Hereford, was first with Aluscat of 
Alexandria; Air. George Clinging, gardener to AYalpole 
Greenwell, Esq., Alarden Park, Caterham, was second. 
Air. J. Edmonds won the first prize for three bunches 
of Black Hamburgh ; and Air. J. Roberts took the first 
prize for any other black with Aladresfield Court. 
Air. George Grimmett, gardener to A. Richards, Esq., 
Blenheim House, Hounslow, was first with Aluscat of 
Alexandria. For any other white, Air. TV. Chuck, 
gardener to P. Thelluson, Esq., Brodsworth Hall, 
Doncaster, was first with Duke of Buccleuch. Air. AY. H. 
Divers, gardener to J. T. Hopwood, Esq., Ketton Hall, 
Stamford, took the first prize for Peaches ; Air. P. Blair, 
gardener to the Duke of Sutherland, Trentham, had 
the best Nectarines and Cherries ; while Air. Divers 
again came to the front with Strawberries. A miscel¬ 
laneous group of fruit trees in pots was exhibited by 
Alessrs. T. Rivers & Son, Sawbridgeworth, Herts, for 
which a Silver Aledal was awarded. It consisted of 
Peaches, Nectarines, Pears, Plums, and small-fruited 
Oranges, all well set with fruit. A Bronze Aledal was 
also awarded them for a collection of Peaches, 
Nectarines and Plums. A small Silver Aledal was 
awarded to Air. T. Coomber, Hendre Gardens, Alon¬ 
mouth, for six fine specimens of the Queen Pine 
Apple. 
Scottish Pansy Society, 
AVhile there are many Pansy societies in Scotland, and 
in England also, growers of this favourite flower still 
look up with respect to the Scottish Society as being the 
parent of all, and we trust the committee of manage¬ 
ment will long continue to worthily maintain the well- 
deserved prestige of the society. The improvement of 
the Pansy has for many years engaged the attention of 
the Scottish florists, a painstaking body to whom all 
honour is due for having, while introducing all the 
colours of the rainbow into the flowers, rigidly adhered 
to the lines laid down by Glenny and others, as to 
what should be the characteristics of the Pansy as 
regards form, substance, and habit, and whose modern 
varieties, as compared with the gaudy unshapely 
blooms obtained from Continental strains, are as refined 
gold to dross. 
But a few years ago the Pansy trade in Scotland was, 
comparatively speaking, in the hands of a few nursery¬ 
men, but now so greatly has the business extended that 
a dozen or more can be found in competition at the 
society’s annual show, and this by no means includes 
all the leading growers. At no time during the forty- 
four years of the society’s existence have its members 
had greater difficulties to overcome, by reason of a back¬ 
ward season, than they have during the present one; 
and so near as a week before the show, which was held 
on Friday, June 15th, the great question was, “ AVhere 
are the blooms to come from ? ” However, when the 
eventful day came a really fine display was placed 
before the public. 
In the fancy class the hybridiser has greater scope 
than with the show varieties, and hence it is that 
year by year these are shown in greater numbers, and 
novelties of sterling merit come to the front. This 
year was no exception to the rule, for several very pro¬ 
mising seedlings were brought forward. In the nursery¬ 
men’s class for two dozen fancy varieties, Alessrs. R. B. 
Laird & Sons carried off first honours for variety and 
quality, but the west of Scotland growers had a slight 
advantage in size, the biting winds of the east coast 
being by no means favourable for Pansy cultivation in 
early spring. The best twenty-four show Pansies were 
staged by Air. A. Irvine, Tighnabruaich, who was 
followed by Air. J. Sutherland, Lenzie, who also 
followed the Alessrs. Laird in the fancy class. Alessrs. 
Irvine and Sutherland also secured the awards in the 
same order for six seedling show Pansies ; and Alessrs. 
Dickson & Co. had the best two dozen bunches of 
A r iolas, distinct. 
In the practical gardeners’ classes honours were 
about equally divided between Air. A. Borrowman, of 
Beeslack, and Air. R. Stewart, of Lenzie ; while among 
amateurs the lion’s share of the awards went to Air. D. 
Russell, Cawdor. In the open competitions, the pre¬ 
sident’s prize—a Gold Aledal—to the competitor taking 
the most prizes, was gained by Air. R. Stewart ; the 
Edinburgh and Leith merchants’ prize for twelve show 
and twelve fancy Pansies, distinct, went to Air. AI. 
Campbell, and the gardeners’ prize for twenty-four fancy 
varieties, to Air. R. Stewart. In the ladies’ classes the 
highest awards went to Airs. Laird, Pinkhill, for the 
best six glasses of bedding Yiolas ; to Airs. Black, of 
Liberton, for a table glass of bedding Violas ; and. to 
Aliss Ettie AVelsh, of Liberton, for a bouquet of Yiolas. 
Preston and District Cottagers’ Amateur 
Floral Society. 
One of the chief features of interest in connection with 
this society are the prizes offered for the best green¬ 
houses in the town that are owned and attended to by 
working men, and situated iu the backyards connected 
with their dwellings. The annual judging of these 
took place on Saturday, when the adjudicators (Coun¬ 
cillor Pearson, Councillor Breakell, and Air. YY. AY. 
Kendal) made visits to the greenhouses of the con¬ 
testants : namely, Air. Charles Parker, Oxford Street ; 
Air. H. Rostron, Alexander Street; Air. J. Dunn, 
Clara Street ; Air. AY. Jackson, New Hall Lane ; Air. 
J. Jenkinson, Broughton Street; and Air. R. Jenkinson, 
Dallas Street. Each house visited was found to be in 
the best possible order, the utmost cleanliness being 
observed ; each article was in its proper place, and the 
plants were in a thoroughly healthy and satisfactory 
condition, some of the products, indeed, being worthy 
of a prominent position in far more pretentious 
structures. So exact was everything, and so uniform 
was the excellence of the plants, that the judges 
experienced great difficulty in awarding the prizes ; but 
after careful and mature consideration^ they decided to 
grant the premiums as follow :—first, Air. H. Rostron ; 
second, Air. J. Dunn ; third, Air. C. Parker ; fourth, 
Air. AY. Jackson ; and fifth, Air. J. Jenkinson. The 
gentlemen, having completed their duties, were enter¬ 
tained to tea by the committee of the society, and on 
the motion of Air. C. Harvey, seconded by Air. 
Sedgwick, and supported by Air. Henry Bibby (the 
secretary), a hearty vote of thanks was accorded to 
them for their onerous services. In acknowledging 
the compliment, each judge took the opportunity of 
stating that their visits to the greenhouses of those 
engaged daily iu arduous labours had proved a real 
pleasure. They had been agreeably surprised, and 
certainly satisfied with what they had” inspected. The 
order in which the houses were kept was satisfactory, 
and the condition of the plants showed that not only 
-care but considerable skill was exercised in their 
culture. 
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS. 
Tp.oplolum op. Nasturtium. — Mountaineer : Tropaeolum is 
the botanical name of one genus belonging to the Geraniacese, 
tribe Tropseoleae, and Nasturtium is the botanical name of one 
of the Crucifer® family, such as Nasturtium officinale — the 
common Water Cress. When you use Nasturtium for any of the 
Tropaeolums it must only be as an English name. This is how 
the confusion you mention has arisen. Tropaeolum majns and 
T. minus are often spoken of as Indian Cresses, because they 
taste similarly to the true Nasturtium or Water Cress which is 
hawked about the streets of London. It would prevent con¬ 
fusion if the word Nasturtium were not applied to the Tropaeolums 
at all. There are both annual and perennial species belonging 
to Tropaeolums, while the species of Nasturtium are perennial. 
Rose Brand. —IF. G. K . : The specimens of the Rose you sent 
us show themselves to be very badly affected with the Rose 
Brand (Phragmidium mucronatum), in an early stage known as 
Lecythea. It is the second or fruiting s;age of the fungus how¬ 
ever, consisting of masses of spores of an orange colour. When 
these spores germinate upon Roses they pierce the tissues of 
their host, producing a mycelium that spreads amongst and 
feeds on the same. After a while spores are produced in masses 
that hurst through the epidermis, and appear to the naked eye as 
orange-coloured masses fringed with the epidermis or skin, 
which they burst in making their exit from the stem. Tour 
specimens have the peduncles, petioles, the under side of the 
leaves, the hip, and both surfaces of the sepals very badly 
affected, and seeing that the fungus lives in the interior of the 
tissues of the plants affected, there is no curative remedy. Your 
object should be to prevent the fungus from spreading by re¬ 
moving the leaves and all parts affected and burning them. 
Later on the fungus produces another kind of spore, the resting 
or hibernating spore in fact, and which is more difficult to 
eradicate, so that all affected parts should be immediately 
destroyed. 
Cvpripediums. — J. F. A.: Your putting the Cypripedium 
insigne and C. caudatum in the cooler house and the others in 
the warmer is quite correct, but if C. Sedeni, C. S. candidulum 
and C. Roezlii (these three belonging to the Selenipediums) do 
not seem to be in a satisfactory condition, a summer in the 
cooler house will improve them. The shady side of any house is 
best for the Cypripediums, and they are benefited by a 
sprinkling of -I-in. or 1-in. bones on the top of the crocks when 
they are re-potted. 
Packing Strawberries. — Omega: The best plan is to use 
shallow boxes which will only hold one layer of fruit, say boxes 
2 ins. deep, inside measurement, and made of quarter-inch stuff 
or stronger if you like. Place a sheet of clean paper over the 
bottom, then pack the berries carefully in rows with- a Straw¬ 
berry 7 leaf round each. If the leaves are gathered over night and 
laid out thinly to “ wilt,” they will be soft and pliable when 
wanted for use. When the box is full put some fresh leaves on 
the top, then a sheet of paper, and fill up with cotton wool or 
very soft moss to prevent the fruits from moving during transit. 
Mr. Hind’s Strawberries All the Year Round was published at Is., 
but is now out of print. 
Roses on a North Wall. —Is it possible to grow climbing 
Roses on a north or north-east wall ? If so, please give the 
names of four or six of the best.— R. Linter. [We have no ex¬ 
perience of Roses in such positions, and should be obliged if some 
of our readers, who have, would reply to this question. —E d.] 
Royal Horticultural Societt. —If. P..- Yes, closed at 6 p.m. 
Exhibitors would not show anything if they had to wait longer 
at the ordinary 7 meetings. 
Peach Leaves Diseased. — Q. B.: The leaves you sent us are 
affected with the disease known as Peach Blister, caused by a 
small fungus belonging to the Ascomycetes, and named Exoascus 
deformans, which affects the growth of the leaves, arresting 
some parts and stimulating others, so that they assume the 
peculiar saccate appearance as seen in the specimens sent. The 
fungus penetrates or affects not only the leaves but also the 
branches bearing them, and will appear in the same region y 7 ear 
after year if not destroyed. There is no real cure for the disease 
after it has penetrated the host, but the leaves so affected, and 
even the branches if very badly attacked, must be removed and 
burned. Blistered leaves have by some been attributed to cold 
winds, while in some cases it is more clearly 7 due to aphides, 
which attack Apples, Pears and Plums, causing the leaves, how¬ 
ever, to become blistered in .a different way and frequently to 
turn of a deep red. There is apparently nothing to hinder the 
leaves being attacked by the fungus and aphides at the same 
time, but although the leaves you sent were badly blistered we 
could only detect one insect, while the fungus was apparent to 
the naked eye. 
Pigeons’ Manure. —TP. S.: This is a good fertiliser for Chry¬ 
santhemums, but must be used with the same caution as good 
guano. It is best mixed with the soil when potting or used as a 
top-dressing. In the latter case it should be mixed with soil at 
the rate of one part of the manure to six parts of soil. If used 
as a liquid, lialf-an-ounce to a gallon of water will be quite strong 
enough. Keep the manure dry till you want to use it. 
Melons Unhealthy. — C. S.: It is difficult to determine 
exactly the direct cause of Melons presenting the silvery scorched- 
like appearance of those sent us. We have seen Gloxinias and 
tuberous-rooted Begonias behaving in a similar manner, and 
believe the cause is not always the same. There is no fungus on 
the seedlings, nor does the fault appear to proceed from the 
root. The leaves are most affected on the underside, and seem 
to be injured by steam and gases arising from the soil to which 
they are yet in close proximity. If you can manage to get them 
beyond this stage, we believe the plants will overcome the evil 
when the foliage is carried clear away from the surface of the 
soil. Till then, however, growth will necessarily 7 be slow, as 
foliage so injured cannot perform its functions properly 7 . We 
should advise you also to see to the ventilation, so as to carry 
off all injurious influences in the atmosphere. 
Judging Cottage Gardens. — 0. E., Cheshire: Seep. 675. 
Names of Plants.— Omega : Hieracenm aurantiacum. J . H .: 
Erigeron Philadelphicus. IP. T.,Junr.: Oucidium Cebolleta. 
J T. P.: Probably Cyrtanthus angustifolius. 
Communications Received. —W. T.—C. J. G.—R. M.—F. L. M. 
-G. A.—T. B.—S. A.—Scotia—G. S.—F. C. 
