718 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
July 7, 1888. 
betically, and there is notwithstanding a good index. 
The recently discovered phenomenon of apospory in 
Ferns, for which the scientific world is indebted to the 
author, is described in an appendix, and as it appeared 
in the Linnean Society’s Journal — Botany, vol. xxi. 
This apospory consisted in the production of proliferous 
prothalli originating on the fronds of Athyrium Filix- 
fcemina clarissima, replacing, in fact, both spores and 
spore cases, and ultimately bearing sexual organs that 
proved fertile by developing young Fern fronds or 
plants after a time. He also discovered two other 
methods of propagation unusual to the Lady Fern—• 
namely, bulbils occurring on A. F. -f. divaricatum such 
as we see on many of the Aspleniums, and bulbils 
occupying the place of sori. An interesting case is 
that exhibited by Scolopendrium vulgare cristatum 
viviparum, which produces buds irregularly all over the 
surface of the frond, when grown in a close, moist 
atmosphere. 
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HORTICUL TURAL S OCIETIES. 
Kettering and District Horticultural. 
The fourth exhibition of this society took place on 
Feast Monday, July 2nd, and under circumstances of a 
highly depressing character, for the rain came on early 
in the day, and continued up till quite late in the 
afternoon, completely drenching everything connected 
with the show. The exhibitors generously fell in with 
the wishes of the committee, and agreed to continue 
the show over Tuesday, in order to give them a chance 
of recouping themselves for the outlay they had under¬ 
gone. The feast week at Kettering appears to be an 
old custom dating back for a number of years. It is 
said to have had an ecclesiastical origin, when the 
parish church was first opened upon the first Sunday 
in July, and then the succeeding six days were 
celebrated by feasting and rejoicing. The practice has 
descended to this day. Shoe-making is the staple trade 
of Kettering, and all the shoe factories are closed during 
the feast week. The Monday of this week is that 
generally selected on which to hold the flower show. 
The exhibits were arranged in three tents pitched in 
a field close to the town, but which had to be reached 
by means of a walk across the grass. The principal 
exhibitors were Mr. C. Martin, gardener to Captain 
East, Kettering ; Mr. H. "Watt-, gardener to G. L. 
"Watson, Esq., Rockingham Castle ; Mr. W. Jacques, 
gardener to H. Lamb, Esq., Kettering ; Mr. Robert 
Jacques, gardener to W. Timpson, Esq., Kettering ; 
The Rev. E. Gates, Pytchley ; Mr. A. Warner, Pytchley; 
Mr. S. Panter, Pytchley ; and Messrs. J. Goode, 
W. Taylor, and T. Mayes, all of Kettering. The 
society has a good committee of workers, and Mr. J. 
W. Pike, the secretary, is a very earnest and hard¬ 
working officer. After the awards were made, the 
committee entertained the judges at luncheon in a 
generous manner, and despite the downpour of rain, 
they appeared to face their difficulties like men 
determined to allow no untoward circumstances to 
turn them aside from their main purpose. 
Roses. —These are given the leading place because 
they were the chief feature in the show. A class for 
forty-eight varieties was open to all comers, and Messrs. 
G. & W. Buck, nurserymen, Peterborough ; Sir. W. H. 
Frettingham, nurseryman, Beeston, Notts ; and Messrs. 
W. & J. Brown, nurserymen, Stamford, were placed 
first, second, and third in the order of their names. 
Mr. John House, Peterborough, had entered ; but by 
unfortunately losing the train, was unable to reach the 
show ground until mid-day. He had some very good 
flowers indeed, and a box of cut blooms of the Apricot- 
coloured William Allen Richardson, which he grows 
remarkably well. Messrs. Burch had very good blooms 
indeed of the followingMadlle. Marie Yerdier, 
Queen of Queens, Marie Baumann, Marquise de Castel- 
lane, Grace Darling, A. K. Williams, Sunset, Captain 
Christy, Madlle. Marguerite Dombrain, Camille Ber- 
nardin, Madame Gabriel Luizet, Madame Lambard, 
Madame Bravy, Niphetos, Mons. Noman, Ulrich 
Brunner, Perle des Jardins, Lady Mary Fitzwilliam, 
and Magna Charta. This list may be taken as fairly 
representative of the best blooms shown on this 
occasion. Mr. H. Watt had the best twenty-four 
varieties, and also the best twelve blooms of Tea and 
Noisettes, while Mr. A. Warner had the best twelve 
blooms in the amateurs’ division. Down to this point 
all the flowers were unnamed. The best six blooms of 
Tea and Noisettes came from the Rev. E. Gates, who 
had good flowers of Madame Bravy, Souvenir do 
Gabrielle Luizet, Madame Lambard, Jean Ducher, 
Catherine Mermet, and Souvenir d’un Ami. There 
were four classes for cottagers also, but time did not 
admit of gathering up particulars. Suffice it to say 
that some very good blooms were shown by these sons 
of labour. Special prizes were also offered by Messrs. 
W. & J. Brown, nurserymen, Stamford, and others, for 
cut Roses shown by amateurs and cottagers. 
Further subjects coming under the head of cut 
flowers were table decorations, which consisted of a 
centre piece and small side pieces with fruit. Wreaths 
and bouquets: Mr. W. Toseland, nurseryman, Ket¬ 
tering, was first in all three classes. Wreaths and 
bouquets were also shown by amateurs, and the latter 
by cottagers and children. Mr. H. Watt had the best 
stand of twelve varieties of cut flowers, showing green¬ 
house subjects mainly ; Mr. J. Goode being second. In 
the amateur division for a like number, Mr. A. Warner 
came first, and Mr. W. Taylor was second. The best 
twelve bunches of single and double Zonal Pelar¬ 
goniums—a very good lot indeed—came from Mr. J. 
Goode. In the amateur division, the best stand of six 
bunches of single Zonal Pelargoniums came from Mr. 
A. Warner, Mr. J. Loake being second. Mr. A. 
Warner also had the best six bunches of double Zonal 
Pelargoniums, Mr. T. Mayes being second. Ivy-leaved 
Pelargoniums were also a good feature, and some fairly 
good spikes of Stocks were staged. The bunches of 
hardy flowers, Snapdragons, and Pansies shown by 
cottagers were in every way praiseworthy. 
Plants. —In this division the classes which appeared 
to excite the most interest were those for groups of 
plants arranged for effect. In the open division one 
class for groups was required to be 150 ft., and they 
were arranged in squares, with a background against 
the sides of the tent. Could they have been arranged 
in a semi-circle, they would have proved much more 
effective. In all these groups too much packing was 
shown, a little more than half of the plants would have 
sufficed. If any one setting up a group would proceed 
to lay down a bed of dwarf foliaged and flowering 
plants, and then allow taller ones to rise up out of 
these, covering the pots as much as possible, a much 
more effective arrangement could be secured. Groups 
of plants arranged for effect too often resemble mere 
groups of plants placed out on a pavement or roadway 
in front of a shop to sell, instead of producing 
something light, airy and graceful, fit to garnish a 
conservatory floor. Mr. Toseland was first with plants 
of fairly good quality, and showing some attempts at 
tasteful grouping, but they were far too much crowded 
and huddled up together, while the individuality of the 
best things was quite lost. Mr. C. Martin was second, 
and Mr. W. Jacques third. The latter had the 
brightest group, but a great deal more, on the lines we 
have laid down, could have been made of the material. 
Groups arranged for effect should be in semi-circles 
when the lines of the tables and tents are straight. In 
the class for groups filling a space of 50 ft., Mr. Robert 
Jacques was first, and Mr. T. Mayes second. Some 
nice little groups of smaller dimensions were shown by 
amateurs and cottagers. Stove and greenhouse plants 
in the open division were weak. In the amateurs’ 
class for four, Mr. "W. Taylor was first ; Mr. A. Oakley, 
Kettering, second. Mr. "W". Toseland had the best 
four Ferns. In the amateurs’ class Mr. C. Martin had 
the best four, Mr. J. Bryan being second. Fuchsias 
were fairly well shown in sixes and fours—scarcely 
advanced enough in bloom. Mr. "W. Toseland had the 
best six tuberous-rooted Begonias—a good lot; Mr. C. 
Martin being second. In the amateurs’ class for four 
plants Mr. R. Jacques was first, and Mr. T. Mayes 
second. Double and single zonal Pelargoniums were 
pretty well shown in the open division. In the 
amateurs’, Mr. J. Loake was first with four very good 
doubles, and also with the same number of singles, 
Mr. Oakley being second in both classes. Gloxinias, 
Coleus, and double Petunias were also fairly good. 
Some very good plants were exhibited in the cottagers’ 
classes also. 
Vegetables. — The best six varieties of vegetables 
came from Mr. H. Watt, who had Cauliflowers, Peas, 
Turnips, Onions, Cucumbers, and Potatos. Messrs. 
Sutton & Sons, Reading, offered special prizes for six 
varieties of vegetables, but there was but one compe¬ 
titor, Mr. A. "Warner, who had Peas, Tomatos, Cucum¬ 
bers, French Beans, Qnions, and Potatos. There were 
several classes for vegetables, the leading Peas being 
Telephone, William I., Emerald Gem, and Sangster’s 
No. 1. Potatos were represented by good Ashleaf 
Kidneys ; Cabbages by fine heads of the Nonpareil and 
East Ham types. Cottagers’ vegetables were very good. 
There seems to be no reason why the Kettering 
Flower Show should not become well worthy of the 
go-ahead town in which it is held. 
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS. 
***Special attention is paid in the columns of The 
Gardening Woeld to the answering of questions on 
all subjects connected with practical horticulture, and 
the naming of Plants (other than Florists’ Flowers) and 
Fruits, in which department the Editor is assisted by 
gardeners and specialists of great experience. 
It is particularly requested that correspondents 
null favour us with their communications as early in 
the week as possible, and that they address them only 
to “The Editor.” 
Kalmias.— R, Gray: Tour Kalmias would do better if you 
made a bed specially for them, consisting of peat in great part. 
K. latifolia is not very particular, and will grow in good but 
ordinary soil. It does not as a rule, however, flower very freely 
in the open air, although it is the strongest-growing species we 
have. A bed such as is generally made up for Rhododendrons 
would in most cases suit them, provided they are not exposed to 
high winds. Peat is not always essential, provided the soil is 
naturally moist, and made up of light sandy material, such as 
the scourings of ditches, ponds, and similar places where the 
sand is mixed with a large quantity of fine mud, humus, and 
other rich materials carried down by water. The whole should 
be allowed to lay for some time to become mellow, and a 
quantity of lime added to it would improve it considerably. 
Before autumn or spring you would have time to prepare the 
compost. 
Dendrobium Leaves Losing Colour. — Dendrobe: Tour 
plants have evidently been grown in too dry an atmosphere, and 
have become infested with thrip. They should be fully exposed 
to all the light possible, and require no shading whatever, even 
when in full growth. Under those conditions they should be 
heavily syringed two or three times a day, and a humid atmo¬ 
sphere kept up, especially when the weather is bright. The 
specimens sent us were more or less punctured on both surfaces, 
and discoloured in places, showing the work of thrip. Examine 
them from this point of view, and if the pest still continues to 
infest the leaves you must sponge the latter carefully with a 
solution of soft soap and tepid water, or Fir Tree Oil may be used, 
not too strong. 
Mildew on Vines.— G. Brown: The mildew could be stamped 
out by the methods you employ, but considering that the berries 
are young and the skin tender, we would advise you not to run 
the risk of destroying them by the use of strong sulphureous 
fumes. Get some flowers of sulphur, and put a quantity in a 
thin muslin bag, then go over every Vine carefully, rod by rod, 
and wherever the disease makes its appearance, give a dusting 
from the muslin bag. Let the bunches have the same treatment 
should they be attacked with mildew, and the latter will be 
killed without harming the berries. The object should be not 
to allow the disease to spread in the least beyond its present 
limits if possible. The cold, dull, and wet nature of the season 
is very unfavourable to the health of the Vines, while favourable 
to the disease. Walter Davis: Tour ease is similar to the above, 
and we advise you to use flowers of sulphur in the same way. 
There must be an original cause for the mildew, that is, the 
spores of Oidium Tuckeri (which is one of the stages in the life 
cycle of a fungus, and the only stage at present known, belonging 
to one of the family Erisypheie) must be plentiful about the house, 
and it is only a question of suitable conditions whether it spreads 
with greater or less rapidity, or to what extent. Tour locality may 
offer special ad vantages to the fungus, which would account for the 
trouble you have had with it; therefore we would advise you to 
go over your Vines with great care, in order to stamp out the 
disease. Besides flowers of sulphur, as recommended above, 
you might try the following:—Boil one pound of flowers of 
sulphur and one pound of quicklime in five pints of water for ten 
minutes ; stir while boiling, allow it to settle, and then porn- off 
the clear liquid. Mix this preparation with 100 times its bulk of 
water, and syringe the parts of the Vine affected. 
Wild Garlic.— Yorkshire: From what you say, we under¬ 
stand that you are speaking of the Broad-leaved Garlic (Allium 
ursinum). If so, we doubt if you could keep it down by planting 
something else on the ground, as it is extremely difficult to kill. 
Ivy, Periwinkle, or Hyperium calycinum might be employed, 
but even then many of the bulbs of the Garlic will contrive to 
exist, if they get any light whatever. Tou might try to 
destroy them by cutting down the leaves several times during 
the course of summer. But the best and surest means of 
eradicating it would be to employ some labourers to dig up the 
bulbs with a fork. Once the old bulbs are destroyed, a crop of 
small ones would to a certainty appear for a year or two, but 
they could easily be kept down by au occasional hoeing. 
Names of Plants.— Dendrobe : Odontoglossum Lindleyanura. 
J. Macfarlane: The shrub is Viburnum opulus ; the small pink 
flowers on a branching inflorescence are those of Valeriana 
officinalis; the Orchids are varieties of Orchis maculata, the 
purple one is common in the north of England and in Scotland 
in wet places. Tou should number your specimens. S. K. G.: 
1, Sympliyostemon narcissoides, syn. Sisyrinchium odoratissi- 
mum; 2, Alyssum spinosum; 3, Euphorbia lathyrus; 4, 
Asphodelus ramosus; 5, Polygonum ereetum; 6, Melittis 
melissophyllum ; 7, a pale variety of Polemonium cceruleum ; 
S, Bupleurum rotundifolium ; 9, Bupleurum ranunculoides : 10, 
Campanula collina; 11, Solidago virgaurea; 12, Saxifraga tri- 
fureata var. J. Spink: Monnodes pardinum. If. D. .- Cam¬ 
panula glomerata daliurica. G. Haig: Dendrobium moscliatum, 
a good specimen. 
Communications RECEivED. —W. L.—W. D.—W. J. M. (thanks 
for the hint)—C. J. G—H. D. W.—W. B.-J. V. & S—R. W. 
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TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
John Laing & Sons, Forest Hill, London, S.E.— Catalogue of 
Roses. 
