766 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
July 28, 1888. 
James Douglas took the first and fourth prizes in scarlet 
hizarres with Admiral Curzon ; Mr. C. Turner was second 
with James McIntosh ; and Mr. H. W. Headland was 
third with Arthur Medhurst, and fifth with Fred. In 
crimson hizarres Mr. J. Douglas was first and second 
with "W. M. Hewett ; Mr. H. W. Headland was third 
with Mrs. Whitbourn ; Mr. Phillips took fourth with 
Wm. Wardle ; and Mr. H. Startup was fifth with J. 
D. Hextall. Mr. C. Turner took the first and third 
prizes in pink hizarres with H. K. Mayor ; Mr. J. 
Douglas was second and fourth with Isaac Scott and 
Mrs. Gorton ; while Mr. H. W. Headland came in fifth 
with Harrison Weir. Amongst scarlet flakes Mr.' J. 
Douglas took the first prize with Matador, and the 
second with Sportsman ; Mr. H. W. Headland was third 
with Sportsman; while Mr. Rowan was fourth and 
fifth with Clipper. The first and second prizes in 
purple flakes were carried off by Mr. J. Douglas with J. 
Douglas ; the third and fourth were won by Mr. C. 
Turner with Juno ; and the fifth prize went to Mr. 
Rowan, who had J. Douglas. The first and second prizes 
for rose flakes went to Mr. J. Douglas, who had 
Sybil; the third and fifth prizes went to Mr. C. Turner, 
who showed John Keat ; Mr. Phillips came in fourth 
with Thalia. 
Mr. J. Douglas took the first prize for twenty-four 
blooms of Picotees, with the following varieties :—Her 
Majesty, Seedling, Seedling, Liddington's Favourite, 
Mrs. Sharpe, Mrs. Budd, Seedling, Seedling, Seedling, 
Princess of Wales, Constance, Seedling, Her Majesty, 
Seedling, Liddington’s Favourite, John Smith, Mrs. 
Sharpe, Seedling, Seedling, Seedling, Muriel, Princess 
of Wales, Seedling, Minuette. Mr. C. Turner was 
second, and had in his stand the premier Picotee in the 
show, a heavy purple-edged variety named Muriel ; Mr. 
J. Douglas had the best twelve blooms ; while Mr. H. 
W. Headland was second. In the class for six blooms, 
Mr. Phillips was first; Mr. M. Rowan was second ; and 
H. Startup came in third. Mr. J. Douglas took the 
first and second prizes for heavy red-edged varieties, 
with Princess of Wales ; Mr. H. W. Headland came in 
third with Mrs. Robertson, and fourth with Brunette ; 
while Mr. Phillips gained fifth with Mrs. Dodwell. 
Mr. J. Douglas had the best light red-edged variety in 
Violet Douglas ; Mr. C. Turner was second with Emily ; 
Mr. H. W. Headland took the third prize with Emily, 
and the fourth with a Seedling ; Mr. Startup was fifth 
with Violet Douglas. Mr. J. Douglas took the first two 
prizes for heavy-edged purples with Muriel ; Mr. H. 
W. Headland was third with Muriel, and fourth with 
Zerline ; while Mr. Turner was fifth with Rival Purple. 
In light purple-edged varieties, Mr. Douglas was first 
and second with seedlings ; Mr. H. W. Headland was 
third and fourth with Clara Penson ; and Mr. 
Phillips was fifth with Her Majesty. Mr. J. 
Douglas took the first prize in heav} T -edged rose 
or scarlet varieties with Constance Heron, and 
the second with Lady Holmsdale ; Mr. H. W. 
Headland was third and fourth with the two varie¬ 
ties last mentioned ; and Mr. Phillips was fifth with 
Mrs. Payne. Amongst light-edged rose or scarlet 
varieties, Mr. J. Douglas was first with Favourite, and 
fourth with Miss Flowdy ; Mr. C. Turner came in 
second with Lucy ; Mr. Phillips took the third place 
with Liddington’s Favourite, and fifth with the last- 
named variety. 
In the class for twenty-four blooms of seifs, fancies, 
or yellow grounds, Mr. C. Turner carried off the first 
honours with a fine stand, including Annie Douglas, 
Purple Emperor, Ellen Burrows, The Bride, Sybil, 
Dorothy, Mrs. Reynolds Hole, and Terra Cotta. The 
second prize went to Mr. J. Douglas, and the third to 
Mr. W. Toby, 3, Great Mark’s Grove, Fulham Road, 
S.W. Mr. A. J. Sanders, gardener to Viscountess 
Chewton, took the first place for twelve blooms, and 
was followed by Mr. H. Startup. Mr. J. Douglas had 
the best twelve yellow-ground Picotees, which were 
large, clean, and brightly coloured ; he was closely 
followed by Mr. C. Turner. Prizes were offered for 
twelve pot specimens, for the purpose of encouraging 
their culture as decorative subjects. Here Mr. C. Turner 
was the first prize winner, having well-grown specimens 
of Colonial Beauty, Prince of Orange, Howard’s Yellow, 
Almira, Purple Emperor, Dorothy, Annie Douglas, 
Terra Cotta, Mrs. Maclaren, Agnes Chambers, Amber, 
and Pride of Penshurst. Mr. J. Douglas was second 
with good specimens also, and Mr. H. W. Headland 
came in third. 
Loughborough Horticultural.— July 18th. 
The thirty-first annual exhibition of this society was 
held in a field close to the town on the above date. 
The weather was glorious and the show well attended. 
The entries were numerous, and the competition in most 
cases very keen. In the way of plants the principal 
feature was the group arranged for effect, for which the 
first prize was awarded to Mr. Powell, gardener to H. 
E. Hole, Esq., Quorn Lodge, whose group was well 
arranged, and contained some good Orchids. Fruit was 
shown in great quantities, and the out-door fruit, 
considering the season, was especially good. The 
vegetables were grand and well put up, the competition 
for the collections being very strong. Cut flowers were 
shown in great quantities ; the Roses were superb, the 
forty-eight being exceedingly fine and well staged. 
Special prizes were offered, being open to all. The 
amateurs and cottagers showed well, and are to be 
congratulated upon the quality of their exhibits, some 
first-rate vegetables being shown by both in the various 
classes.— A. 0. 
Q&xtvtavy. 
W ith great regret we have to record the death of Mr. 
Francis Whitbourn, of Great Gearies, Ilford. Mr. 
Whitbourn had long been in feeble health, and expired 
very suddenly on Wednesday morning. For about a 
quarter of a century the names of Mr. Whitbourn and 
his gardener—James Douglas—have been household 
words among gardeners, and, indeed, it may truly be 
said that for some years his old home at Loxford Hall 
was better known for good gardening than perhaps any 
place round London. By Mr. Whitbourn’s death hor¬ 
ticulture has lost a warm and generous supporter, and 
floriculture a patron whose place it will be hard indeed 
to fill. Of a somewhat shy, retiring disposition, Mr. 
Whitbourn took the greatest delight in his garden, 
and with a generous hand backed up his gardener’s 
skill and ability to such purpose, that for a number of 
years the Loxford Hall plants and fruits carried all 
before them on the exhibition tables. He favoured no 
one thing in particular, but loved to see success 
stamped on everything that was grown for him, and 
few gentlemen ever had the best of everything to the 
same extent as he enjoyed. At the metropolitan and 
local shows, his fruits—Pines and Grapes especially— 
were for a long time hard to beat. Some twenty years 
or less ago the Loxford Gladioli and Chrysanthemums 
were things to be remembered—they have not been 
beaten since ; and of late years his choice collections of 
Orchids, of Auriculas, of Carnations and Picotees, and 
other hardy flowers, have all contributed their quota 
to the exhibition stages, and have generally held their 
own in competition. Mr. Whitbourn was president of 
the National Auricula and Primula Society (Southern 
Section), and generally took great interest in the 
preparation of both these and the Carnations and 
Picotees, for the annual show in London. On Monday 
last he was able to get into the garden to see the 
flowers got ready for Tuesday’s show at the Drill Hall, 
but, alas! only for a few hours afterwards did he live to 
enjoy the honours they gained. 
-- 
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS. 
Cheiranthus Marshalli.— A. Wilcox: The plant in gardens 
under this name is supposed to be a hybrid between Cheiranthus 
alpinus and Erysimum Peroffskianum. If so, it should properly 
bean Erysimum, because the plant almost universally distributed 
in gardens as Cheiranthus alpinus is really Erysimum ochro- 
leucum. Both parents belong then to the same genus. There 
is already a species named Erysimum Marshallianum, so that to 
call the plant in question Erysimum Marshalli would lead to 
confusion, and as it is well known in gardens under the name 
Cheiranthus, that may be retained for garden purposes. It never 
produces perfect seeds, and is only preserved from extinction by 
careful culture and propagation from cuttings, and can therefore 
exist only as a cultivated plant. 
Dimorphic Nepenthes. — II. Anderson: It is by no means 
unusual for various species of Nepenthes to produce two kinds 
of pitchers even on the same plant. The lower pitchers have 
generally a broad rounded base, as if adapted in a state of nature 
to rest on the ground. Most of the species are climbers, with 
long straggling stems that soon reach a considerable height if 
not pruned. They then produce pitchers having a long tapering 
base, curved as a rule, so as to form a stronger union with the 
stalk bearing it, and be less easily broken away when filled with 
liquid, insects and other matters. Some species, such as N. 
ampullaria, produce numerous small pitchers around the base of 
the stem, without the usual wings on the stalk, termed the leaf- 
blades. 
Grapes .—J. B.: The largest bunch on record was one of 
Trebbiano, grown by Mr. Curror, of Eskbank, Dalkeith, and 
which weighed 26 lbs. 4 ozs. White Nice has been grown at 
Arkleton, weighing 25 lbs. 15 ozs. These were both shown at 
the same time at an exhibition in Edinburgh a few years ago. 
Gros Guillaume was grown by Mr. Roberts, of Charleville, 
weighing 23 lbs. 5 ozs.; and Black Hamburgh, by Mr. Hunter, 
of Lambton, weighing 21 lbs. 12 ozs. 
Fruit Growing under Glass. — J. T. A.: The most suitable 
book for your purpose would be Shaw s Market Gardening Around 
London. Its price is about 3s. 6 d., and it may be had at the 
Garden Office, Southampton Street, Strand. 
Mushroom.— Jits. Martin: The specimens iyou send us are 
those of St. George's Mushroom (Agaricus gambosus). We can¬ 
not say how you have got them, whether in the spawn or the soil 
which you used to cover the bed, as they.might have been intro¬ 
duced either way. It is a pretty common species, coming up in 
fields or from hard beaten soil by the way-side. 
Pruning Specimen Conifers. — G. Esslemont: The Thujas 
and Cupressus you mention may be pruned without any harm 
resulting, provided you use the knife only, and not the garden 
or hedge shears. What we understand you wish to do, is to 
prune back the straggling branches so as to make the trees more 
shapely. This should be done with the knife in such a way 
that when finished they will not appear to have been pruned at 
all. As a rule, Thuja gigantea, Cupressus nutksensis and the 
common Tew require a little trimming to prevent strong 
branches from taking the lead; while Libocedrus decurrens, the 
Irish Yew 7 , and Cupressus Lawsoniana require little or no 
attention in this way, except in individual instances, where the 
trees by accident or by nature are inclined to be unshapely. In 
all cases avoid the pruning shears, as a solid and uniform surface 
is undesirable. 
Superphosphate. — Smeeth: Superphosphate is one of the 
bases of all good artificial manures, and consists of ground bones 
that have been treated with sulphuric acid. Mix it in moderate 
quantity with your soil when potting the plants, and rest assured 
of its good qualities. It is a moderately quiek-actiDg manure, 
and of course would tell quickest on soft-wooded stuff. 
Names of Plants.— S . K . G . : 1, Magnolia umbrella, syn. M. 
tripetala ; 2, Euonymus europteus ; 3, Betula lenta. Foxglove: 
I, Geranium pratense flore pleno; 2, Verbascum nigrum ; 3, 
Polemonium coeruleum ; 4, Sidalcea oregana ; 5, Campanula 
persicaefolia; 6, Melissophyllum album ; 7, Staehys sp. 
(unrecognised) ; S, Gentiana septemfida cordifolia ; 9, Agrimonia 
Eupatoria; 10, Veronica virginica ; 11, Spiraea aruncus (female 
plant) ; 12, Spiraea ulmaria variegata. H. B. Kelly: 1, Lychnis 
chalcedonies alba ; 2, Campanula traehelium ; 3, Campanula lac- 
tiflora ccerulea ; 4, Pentstemon confertus ; 5, Chelone obliqua ; 
6, Potentilla dubia. W. Bennett: The Bitter-sweet, Solanum 
Dulcamara. 
Communications Received. — J. C. — E. S. D. — J. S. T.— 
J. W.—E. T. B.—E. S. D.-W. B.—W. J. I.—A. 0.—J. C, H. 
- E. L.-R. S. 
- *5 - 
THE WEATHER. 
At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean reading 
of the barometer during the week ending July 21st was 
29 '53 in.; the lowest reading was 29 '26 in. on Monday 
afternoon, and the highest was 29'76 in. at noon on 
Friday. The mean temperature of the air was 59'4°, 
and'4'0° below the average in the corresponding weeks 
of the twenty years ending 1868. The mean tem¬ 
perature was below the average on each day«of the 
week, the deficiency declining, however, from 7 '8° on 
Sunday to 1 'S° on Saturday. The direction of the 
wind was variable, and the horizontal movement of the 
air averaged 8 '3 miles per hour, which was 1 '3 miles 
below the average in the corresponding weeks of six¬ 
teen years. Rain fell on six days of the week, to 
the aggregate amount of 1 *61 ins. The duration of 
registered bright sunshine in the week was 11*8 hours, 
against 10'7 hours at Glynde Place, Lewes. 
OOVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
July 26th. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s . d . s . d . i . d . s . d . 
Black Currant J-sieve 3 0 3 3 Pine-apples, St. 
Red ,, ,, 2 0 3 0 Michaels, each_ 2 0 5 0 
Cherries, J- S ' ev e _ 2 0 5 0 Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 2 0 3 0 
Grapes .per lb. 1 0 3 0 Strawberries .. per lb. 0 6 10 
Kent Cobs .Peaches.perdoz. 2 0 10 0 
Melons.-.. 10 3 0 
Vegetables.—Average Retail Prices. 
s . d . s . d . 
Artichokes, Globe,doz. 3 0 6 0 
Beans, French, per lb. 1 6 
Beet, per dozen. 2 0 3 0 
Cabbages_per doz. 1 6 
Carrots, New, per bun. 1 0 
Cauliflowers, English, 
per dozen . 30 40 
Celery, per bundle ..20 
Cucumbers, each .... 0 9 10 
Endive, French, doz. 2 6 3 6 
Herbs, per bunch_ 0 2 0 4 
s . d . s . d . 
Horse Radish, bundle 3 0 5 0 
Lettuces .. per dozen 2 0 3 0 
Mushrooms, p. basket 0 9 13 
Onions, per bushel ..7 0 9 0 
Parsley, per bunch ..06 
Radishes, per dozen ..16 
SmaUsaladingiPunnet 0 4 
Spinach, per strike ..20 
Tomatos, per lb.1 0 
Turnips, new,per bun. 1 0 
Potatos.- Kent Regents, 80s. to 100s. per ton; Kent Kidneys. 
80s. to 100s. per ton ; Champions, 70s. per ton. 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s . d . s . d . 
Aralia Sieboldi, doz.. 6 0 18 0 
Balsams, per dozen ..3 0 6 0 
Calceolaria ..perdoz. 3 0 6 0 
Cockscomb, per dozen 4 0 6 0 
Coleus .per doz. 3 0 6 0 
Crassula... .per doz. 9 0 12 0 
Cyperus ..per dozen 4 0 12 0 
Dracaena term., doz. .30 0 60 0 
— viridis, per dozen 12 0 24 0 
Evergreens, in var., 
per dozen . 6 0 24 0 
Ferns, in var., do .. 4 0 18 0 
Foliage Plants, vari¬ 
ous, each. 2 0 10 0 
Ficus elastics each ..16 76 
Fuchsia, per doz. 4 0 9 0 
s . d . s . d . 
Heliotrope ..perdoz. 3 0 6 0 
Hydrangea, per doz.. 9 0 IS 0 
Liliums, var., doz. IS 0 30 o 
Lobelia, per doz. 3 0 6 0 
Marguerites perdoz. 6 0 12 0 
Mignonette ..perdoz. 3 0 6 0 
Musk.. 
Palms in variety, each 2 6 21 0 
Pelargoniums,scarlet, 
per dozen . 30 60 
Pelargoniums, dozen 4 0 12 0 
Rhodanthe.. per doz. 6 0 9 0 
Scented Verbena doz. 4 0 6 0 
Spiraeas.per doz. 6 0 9 0 
Zinnia. per doz. 4 0 6 0 
Out Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s . d . s . d . 
Anemone, doz. bunch. 
Asters, doz. bunches 4 0 6 0 
— (French), 1 bunch 16 2 0 
Bouvardias, per bun. 0 6 10 
Carnations, 12 blooms 10 2 0 
Carnations, 12 bun. ..4 0 6 0 
Chrysanthemums 
annual, 12 bunches 10 3 0 
Cornflower, 12 bunch. 16 3 0 
Delphinium, 12 bun. 2 0 4 0 
Eucharis. per dozen.. 3 0 6 0 
Forget-me-not,12 bun. 2 0 4 0 
Gardenias, 12 blooms. 16 4 0 
Gladiolus, 12 sprays .10 2 0 
Heliotropes, 12 sprays 0 6 10 
Iris (various), 12 bun. 
Lilium longiflorum, 
12 blooms 3 0 5 0 
— candidum, 12 blms 0 6 0 9 
-1 bunch. 16 20 
s . d . s . d . 
Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 0 6 0 
Mignonette, 12 bun. 2 0 4 0 
Moss Roses 12 bun. 4 0 12 0 
Orange Lily, 12 bun. 6 0 12 0 
Pansies, doz. bunch. 16 3 0 
i Pelargoniums,12spys. 0 6 10 
— scarlet, 12sprays.. 0 3 0 6 
Pinks, 12 bunches ..3 0 6 0 
Primula, double, bun. 0 9 10 
Pyrethrums, 12 bun.. 2 0 4 0 
Rhodanthe, 12 bunch. 4 0 6 0 
Roses (colrd.) 12 bun. 2 0 4 0 
— Tea _per dozen 0 6 16 
— Red.per doz. 0 6 10 
— Saffrano .. per doz. 0 9 10 
Spiraea .12 bun. 4 0 6 0 
Stephanotis,12 sprays 2 0 4 0 
Sweet Peas, 12 bun. 2 0 4 0 
Sweet Sultan, 12 bun. SO 6 0 
! Tuberoses, per dozen. 0 6 10 
CONTENTS. 
page page 
Abbey Park, Leicester_ 759 Leeks, transplanting. 762 
Allotment Gardens . 755 Lilium gigantteum. 763 
Amateurs’Garden. 762 Lily of the Valley.763 
Begonias for late flowering 761 London to Sydney. 756 
Begonias, seedling. 760 Oakwood, uotes from _763 
Calceolarias, herbaceous .. 759 Obituary . 766 
Camoensis maxima . 760 Orchid collecting -.... 756 
Cineraria, the. 75S Orchid Notes & Gleanings 764 
Cauliflower, Early Erfurt.. 763 Pinks, new . 760 
Floriculture. 760 Plants, new, certificated... 762 
Foxgloves. 759 Potato disease in Ireland . 75S 
Fruit crops, the. 760 Roses, budding . 756 
Gardeners’ Calendar. 763 j Royal HorticulturalSpciety 756 
Gardeners’Orphan Fund.. 760 Scottish notes. 759 
Horticultural Societies_ 765 j Sweet Peas, new. 760 
Hypericum, King of Scar- Vegetable notes . 759 
lets. 763 Wood-boring Insects. 756 
Irish notes . 75S I _ 
