782 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
August 4, 1888. 
Some boxes of cut Roses were exhibited by Messrs. 
Wm. Cutbush & Son, Higbgate Nurseries, London, N. 
Amongst the best blooms were La France, Duke of 
Wellington, Duke of Edinburgh, Gloire de Dijon, 
Baroness Rothschild, A. K. Williams, Souvenir de la 
Malmaison, Alfred Colomb, Sultan of Zanzibar, Bessie 
Johnson and others. A stand of cut flowers, including 
Stephanotis floribunda, Roses, and other things, was 
shown by Mr. Henry Gorton, florist, &c., 158a, Fortess 
Road, London, N. _ 
Acton Horticultural.— August 1st. 
Thf, twenty-first annual exhibition of this West 
Middlesex society was held on Wednesday last in the 
grounds of Derwentwater House, and as affording a 
practical illustration of the horticultural skill of the 
cottagers, amateurs, and gardeners of the district, was 
in every way successful. Unfortunately, the weather, 
which has spoilt so many summer gatherings of the 
kind this season, and brought financial grief to so 
many flower show committees, was of the most unpro- 
pitious character. It simply rained all day, and 
completely nullified the efforts of the committee. 
Comparing generally the productions of the three 
classes above mentioned, we should decidedly say that 
the cottagers did most justice to themselves. They 
made up an admirable display all round, and in 
vegetables especially were at the top of the tree. The 
Potatos were the best lot we have seen this season, and 
the winning dishes, both of kidneys and rounds, shown 
by Mr. T. Yenn—a railway signalman, we believe— 
would have gained him honours anywhere. Cabbages, 
spring and autumn-sown Onions, Marrows, Carrots, 
French Beans, Peas, and Turnips, were all that could 
be desired. The Black and Red Currants also showed 
superior cultivation. Another strong feature of the 
cottagers’ tent was the wonderful display of bouquets 
of wild flowers made by children, there being no less 
than sixty-six competitors for the dozen prizes offered. 
In the gardeners’ tent the leading features were a 
capital class of four Coleuses in 32-pots, in which Mr. 
E. Keate, gardener to Mrs. Sibson, secured the first 
award ; all the plants were trained flat and well done. 
Another specially good class was the one for six 
Cockscombs, in which there were six competitors 
showing plants of a high order of merit. The leading 
prize winner here was Mr. Butcher, gardener to T. 
Toynbee, Esq. Gloxinias, cut flowers, table decorations, 
bouquets, and groups arranged for effect, also call for a 
word of praise. The table decorations were especially 
good for a local show, and we must not omit to 
honourably mention a table arranged by Miss L. 
Hudson. A bouquet of yellow flowers, shown by 
Mr. J. A. Morris, was especially attractive. The fruit 
classes were also good for the season. The committee 
and the honorary secretaries, Mr. W. T. Powell and 
Mr. C. B. Green worked hard to ensure the success of 
the show, and deserved a better reward for their labours. 
- ~>X<~ - 
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS. 
Pansies Diseased. — Harry King: Tour Pansies are affected 
with the Violet Cluster Cup (CEcidium Yiolie), one of the stages 
in the life cycle of a Puccinia. Little cups are formed beneath 
the epidermis of the leaf, and as the spores in these get mat ured 
they hurst through the skin and get disseminated broadcast over 
the rest of your plants. Unless applied so as to act as a pre¬ 
vention rather than a cure, we fear there is no remedy, because 
the fungus lives in the interior of its host. From this point of 
view flowers of sulphur may be applied when the plants are wet. 
Plants that are not particularly valuable, especially those badly 
affected, should be pulled up and burnt to check the spread of 
the disease. 
Black Currant Blighted. —.7. H. V.: The leaves of the 
Black Currant you sent us are badly affected with one of 
the hypodermal fungi, that live in the interior of the host 
and form cavities or spore cases in countless numbers, actually 
destroying the tissues of the leaf. These cavities are filled with 
short, curved, almost reniform—that is, kidney-shaped—spores. 
Seeing that such is the case, there is no cure for the plants so 
affected. If the disease were confined to a few leaves or branches, 
it could be extirpated by removing the latter and destroying 
them ; but if, as you say, some plants are defoliated, we see no 
remedy but destroying them and making a fresh plantation with 
clean, healthy hushes in another part of the garden. External 
applications are of no avail. 
American Blackberries setting badly.— J. Bryson: The 
cold and sunless condition of the atmosphere has been very 
unfavourable to the setting of various fruits indoors. During 
the time they are in flower, ample ventilation is necessary, in 
order to ensure the distribution of the pollen. By keeping the 
ventilators open insects are admitted, v'hieh favour the setting 
of the flowers. In the absence of these a free circulation of air 
should be maintained, and even then, to secure a good set, it 
may he necessary to resort to the distribution of the pollen by 
artificial means, such as is adopted in the case of the Peach, by 
gently tapping the stems about the middle of the day, or even at 
other times when the light is good and the atmosphere buoyant, 
or the individual flowers may be set with a camel-hair brush, or 
other such ready means which may be at the operator’s disposal 
Grapes Diseased. — A. 0. : After careful examination 
under the microscope, we fail to find any trace of a fungoid 
attack, which the appearance of the berries, as seen by the naked 
eye, suggested to us. The cells of the epidermis and the tissues 
immediately beneath are stained or discoloured with brown 
where the spots occur, and we therefore consider it to be a 
bad case of what is known as rust in Grapes. We should like 
to have had. specimens in a much younger state, before the 
injured parts had attained their present hard and dry con¬ 
dition. Various causes are given as the origin of the malady, 
and seeing that it is so general on the Vine you mention, we 
should attribute it to cold draughts of air while the berries were 
quite young, and the skin soft and tender. The application of 
sulphur to the hot-water pipes, in order to destroy red-spider, is 
sometimes credited with the mischief. You did not say whether 
there are flues or hot-water pipes in the house, nor what special 
conditions the house might be under. 
Collection of Vegetables. —7. M. S .: It would be im¬ 
possible to name particular varieties of vegetables that would 
answer in your district better than any others without a direct 
trial, or by making observations in your neighbourhood. The 
only thing you can do is to try a number of each of the best 
varieties (not necessarily many), including Peas, Broad and 
Long Pod Beans, Cauliflower, Cabbages, Celery, Potatos, Carrots, 
Turnips, Parsnips, Beet, Scarlet Runners, French Beans, and 
Tomatos. Each would count the same number of point! pro¬ 
vided their merits ware equal, so that it is merely a matter of 
cultivation. Peas are compared with Peas. Cauliflower with 
Cauliflower, and so on. Many varieties of each of the above are 
equally good for exhibition purposes when avail groavn. You 
should therefore grow some varieties of each of the above kinds, 
and select the best eight on the morning of the exhibition or the 
previous evening. 
Cucumbers Rotting. — H. Andrews: Your specimens sent us 
do not differ from others which ave occasionally see, and con¬ 
cerning which aa’e have frequent complaints this season. It is 
simply a case of rotting caused by continuous damp weather, 
and the absence of sunshine. The only thing you can do is to 
a r entilate freely on all favourable occasions, not to syringe the 
foliage or fruit until the return of brighter and drier weather, 
while shading is, of course, out of the question. Much less 
avatering is necessary in unheated frames, and you might remove 
some of the surplus foliage; and by raising the fruit on a piece 
of wood or slate, the dampness of the soil would be avoided. 
Century Flower.— A. Calder : The floavers you send are 
those of Yucca gloriosa, and not the American Aloe as it is 
called, and which is really not an Aloe at all, but Agave 
americana. The popular allusion to the latter plant floavering 
only once in a century is only true to a certain extent—that is, 
avhen cultia-ated in pots or tubs avhere the root room is restricted. 
Under these conditions a plant may live and groav slowly till it 
attains from fifty to a hundred years before floavering. But in 
its native country, or in the south of Europe, it floavers in a feav 
years. Out of doors several of the Yuccas flower pretty 
frequently. 
Books. — North Lincoln: Perhaps the best thing you can do 
is to get the Epitome of Gardening and Mrs. Loudon’s Amateur 
Gardeners’ Calendar. The Gardeners' Assistant is expensive, and 
more suitable for a regularly trained gardener. The first tavo 
avould be much the most useful to you to commence avith. 
Weed Destroyer. — Poa: Deighton & Smith, Chemists, Bridg¬ 
north. 
Rose Book. — J. L.: Mr. Duncan Gilmour, Sandygate, Sheffield, 
or Mr. William Cate, Hogarth House, Bouverie Street, Meet 
Street, E.C. 
Hyacinth Seeds. — H. R ../.: Soav in light sandy soil in Sep¬ 
tember, covering the seeds about J in. They must be protected 
from frost in winter. 
Names of Plants. — D. B. K.: Oncidium cornigerum. R. C, 
Kingston : Peristeria pendula. J. T. A.: A small-flowered Den- 
diobium, but at present ave do not recognise avliat species. A. 
G.H.: 1, Staeliys betonica; 2, Spiriea filipendula; 3, Atropa 
belladonna ; 4, Melampyrutn pratense ; 5. Lysimachia nemorum. 
G. Browne: 1, Spiraea discolor ariaefolia ; 2, Spiraea Douglasi; 3, 
Spiraea salicifolia; 4, Spartium junceum. F. J?oss: 1, Kalmia 
angustifolia ; 2, Sedum stoloniferum, avith avhite floavers, knoavn 
in gardens under the name of S. ibericum. 
Communications Received. —R. O.—H. W.—W. H. W.— 
B. R. D.— A. O.—W. J.—J. Le C.—J. H.—G. F.—R. S.—D. C — 
J. L.—Mrs. S—H. J. V.—T. G. 
->X<—- 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
B. Gilbert, Dyke, Bourne, Lincolnshire.—Catalogue of Bulbs 
and other I lower Roots. 
-—>X<—- 
THE WEATHER. 
At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean reading 
of the barometer during the week ending July 28th was 
29’54 in.; the highest reading avas 29’73 in. at the 
beginning of the week, and the lowest 29'29 in. on 
Saturday morning. The mean temperature of the air 
was 60 ’3°, and 2’4° beloav the average in the corre¬ 
sponding weeks of the twenty years ending 1868. The 
mean corresponded with the average on Sunday, but 
showed a considerable deficiency on each of the other 
days of the week. The general direction of the wind 
was south-west, and the horizontal movement of the 
air averaged 13’7 miles per hour, which was 3’9 miles 
above the average in the corresponding weeks of six¬ 
teen years. Rain fell on each day of the week, to 
the aggregate amount of I’ll ins. The duration of 
registered bright sunshine in the week was 34’8 hours, 
against 22 - 2 hours at Glynde Place, Lewes. 
-->x<-- 
LONDON SEED TRADE. 
August 1st. 
Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, and 39, 
Seed Market, Mark Lane, London, report a steady sale 
for Winter Tares, and a moderate inquiry for Clover 
Seeds. Trefoil fully maintains the late advance in 
values. Red and White Clovers are firmly held. 
Trifolium is neglected, the condition of the few samples 
of new crop being bad. Italian and Perennial Rye 
Grasses are dearer, through the continued wet weather 
causing damage to growing crops. Bird Seeds are 
unchanged. 
OOVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
August 2nd. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s.d. s.d. s.d. s.d. 
Black Currant J-sleve 3 0 3 6 Pine-apples, St. 
Red ,, ,, 2 0 3 0 1 Michaels, each .... 2 0 5 0 
Cherries, J-sieve _ 2 0 5 0 Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 2 0 3 0 
Grapes .per lb. 1 0 3 0 Strawberries .. per lb. 0 6 10 
Kent Cobs Peaches. perdoz. 2 0 10 0 
Melons. 10 3 0 
Vegetables.—Average Retail Prices. 
s.d. s.d. 
Artichokes, Globe,doz. 3 0 6 0 
Beans, French, per lb. 1 6 
Beet, per dozen. 2 0 3 0 
Cabbages_per doz. 1 6 
Carrots, New,per bun. 1 0 
Cauliflowers, English, 
per dozen . 30 40 
Celery, per bundle ..20 
Cucumbers, each_0 9 10 
Endive, French, doz. 2 6 3 6. 
Herbs, per bunch_ 0 2 0 4 
s.d. s.d. 
Horse Radish, bundle 3 0 5 0 
Lettuces ..per dozen 2 0 3 0 
Mushrooms, p. basket 0 9 13 
Onions, per bushel ..7 0 9 0 
Parsley, per bunch ..06 
Radishes, per dozen ..16 
Small salading,punnet 0 4 
Spinach, per strike ..20 
Tomatos, per lb.10 
Turnips, new,per bun. 1 0 
Potatos.— Kent Regents, 80s. to 100s. per ton; Kent Kidneys. 
80s. to 100s. per ton ; Champions, 70s. per ton. 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s.d. s.d. 
Aralia Sieboldi, doz.. 6 0 18 0 
Balsams, per dozen .. 3 0 6 0 
Calceolaria .. per doz. 3 0 6 0 
Cockscomb, per dozen 4 0 6 0 
Coleus .per doz. 3 0 6 0 
Crassula_perdoz. 9 0 12 0 
Cyperus ..perdozea 4 0 12 0 
Dracaena term., doz.. 30 0 60 0 
— viridis, per dozen 12 0 24 0 
Evergreens, in var., 
per dozen . 6 0 24 0 
Ferns, in var., do .. 4 0 18 0 
Foliage Plants, vari¬ 
ous, each. 2 0 10 0 
Ficus elastica each.. 1 6 7 6 
Fuchsia, per doz. 4 0 9 0 
s.d. s.d. 
Heliotrope .. per doz. 3 0 6 0 
Hydrangea, per doz. . 9 0 IS 0 
Liliums, var., doz. IS 0 30 0 
Lobelia, per doz . 3 0 6 0 
Marguerites perdoz. 6 0 12 0 
Mignonette .. per doz. 3 0 6 0 
Musk. 
Palms in variety, each 2 6 21 0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, 
per dozen . 30 60 
Pelargoniums, dozen 4 0 12 0 
Rhodanthe.. perdoz. 6 0 9 0 
Scented Verbena doz. 4 0 6 0 
Spiraeas.per doz. 6 0 9 0 
Zinnia . per doz. 4 0 6 0 
Cut Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s.d. s.d. 
Anemone, doz. bunch. 
Asters, doz. bunches 4 0 6 0 
— (French), 1 bunch 16 2 0 
Bouvardias, per bun. 0 6 10 
Carnations, 12 blooms 10 2 0 
Carnations, 12 bun. .. 4 0 6 0 
Chrysanthemums 
annual, 12 bunches 10 3 0 
Cornflower, 32 bunch. 16 3 0 
Delphinium, 12 bun. 2 0 4 0 
Eucharis, per dozen.. 3 0 6 0 
Forget-me-not,12 bun. 2 0 4 0 
Gardenias, 12 blooms. 16 4 0 
Gladiolus, 12 sprays .10 2 0 
Heliotropes, 12 sprays 0 6 10 
Iris (various), 12 bun. 
Lilium longiflorum, 
12 blooms 3 0 5 0 
— eandidum, 12 blms 0 6 0 9 
-1 bunch. 16 20 
s.d. s.d. 
Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 0 6 0 
Mignonette, 12 bun. 2 0 4 0 
Moss Roses 12 bun. 4 0 12 0 
Orange Lily, 12 bun. 6 0 12 0 
Pansies, doz. bunch. 16 3 0 
, Pelargoniums,12 spys. 0 6 10 
— scarlet, 12 sprays.. 0 3 0 6 
Pinks, 12 bunches .. 3 0 6 0 
Primula, double, bun. 0 9 10 
Pyrethrums, 12 ban.. 2 0 4 0 
Rhodanthe, 12 bunch. 4 0 6 0 
Roses (colrd.) 12 bun. 2 0 4 0 
— Tea _per dozen 0 6 16 
— Red.perdoz. 0 6 10 
— Saffrano .. per doz. 0 9 10 
Spiraea .12 bun. 4 0 6 0 
Stephanotis,12 sprays 2 0 4 0 
Sweet Peas, 12 bun. 2 0 4 0 
Sweet Sultan, 12 bun. 3 0 6 0 
Tuberoses, per dozen. 0 6 10 
CONTENTS. 
Agave americana . 
PAGE 
Amateurs’ Garden. 
. 77S 
American notes. 
. 778 
Broad Beans. 
. 771 
Carnations and Picotees . 
. 776 
Carnations, Seedling ... 
. 779 
Cauliflowers, early . 
Clifton Hall. 
. 779 
. 774 
Dahlias, Cactus . 
. 776 
Date Palm, the . 
. 776 
Fern, the Hay-scented ... 
. 7S0 
Floriculture. 
Gardeners' Calendar. 
. 7S0 
Gardeners’ Orphan Fund. 
. 771 
Grange, the, Highbury... 
. 772 
Grapes Cracking. 
. 775 
Horticultural Societies... 
. 7S1 
Hyacinths, Roman. 
PAGE 
Mitchell, John, of Mon- 
creiffe. 775 
Oncidium splendidum .... 7S1 
Orchid flowers, drying_ 7S1 
Orchid notes . 7S1 
Orchids at Holloway .... 775 
Orchis, history of an. 77S 
Fassiflora ConstanceElliott 7S0 
Pieris floribunda . 779 
Fink, Mrs. Sinkins . 776 
Pitman, Mr., the late _ 776 
Plants, hardy, in flower .. 774 
Quorndon House . 773 
Roses, a garden of. 772 
Salvia Horminum. 776 
Scottish notes. 775 
Trees and Shrubs, hardy.. 772 
To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land 
Agents, Stewards, Bailiffs, or Gardeners. 
J AMES CARTER & Co. have at all times 
upon their Register reliable and competent MEN, several 
of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. En¬ 
quiries should be made to 237 and 23S, High Holborn, W.C. 
S COTCH GARDENERS. — 
John Downie (of the late firm of Downie & Laird), Seeds¬ 
man, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh, has at present on his List 
a number of SCOTCH GARDENERS waiting re-engagements. 
He will be pleased to supply full particulars to any* Lady, 
Nobleman, or Gentleman requiring a trustworthy and competent 
Gardener. 
SITUATION WANTED, as Journeyman 
or Under Gardener. Age 19. Four years experience 
inside and out. Four years good character. — Address, E. 
PRITCHARD, Stony Marsh, near Romsey, Hants. 
SY T H’S 
GARDEN SUNDRIES, MANURES, 
S OILS, & c. 
Black and Brown Peat 
Silver Sand and Loam 
Cocoa Nut Fibre Refuse 
Leaf and Peat Mould 
Specially Prepared Mould 
Sphagnum Moss 
Guano and Dissolved Bones 
Bones, J inch and f inch 
Bone Dust, guaranteed pure 
Blood and Bone Manure, highly 
recommended 
Horticultural Charcoal 
Tobacco Cloth, far superior to 
Paper 
Mushroom Spawn 
Russia and Archangel Mats 
Pot Washing Brushes 
Virgin Cork and Raffia 
Tanned Netting and Tarred 
Twine 
Trugg Garden Baskets 
Flower Sticks, from 1 to 5 feet 
Wooden Labels, from4 to 12 in. 
Thin Bamboo Canes 
Rose and Dahlia Stakes, about 
5 feet 
Orchid Baskets and Teak Rods 
Patent Bass Brooms 
Folding Postal Flower Boxes 
‘ ‘Mary Morris" Carnation plants 
Write forr Trice List, free by post. 
IE. ©. SMYTH, 
21, GOLDSMITH STREET, DRURY LAKE, W.C. 
Established 184S. 
