October 25, 1890. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
117 
twenty-five selected to supply a succession of fruit from 
July till the May following, the undermentioned 
varieties occur, namely, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Haw- 
thornden, Ribston Pippin, Ecklinville Seedling, 
"VVarner’s King, Lord Suffield, Cellini, Dumelow s 
Seedling, Emperor Alexander, Stirling Castle, Peas- 
good’s Nonsuch, Golden Noble, Lane’s Prince Albert, 
Blenheim Orange, and King of the Pippins. 
A great number of the above were simply maiden 
trees when we saw them in the first week of this month, 
but the others were bushes and dwarf trained, about 
three years old ; a large number are grown as cordons 
on the Paradise stock, as are the bushes. Amongst 
others we noted Keswick Codlin, remarkably well set 
with flower buds, as were Lane s Prince Albert and 
Peasgood’s Nonsuch, grown as bushes. An ornamental 
or fancy system of training is that named the diamond 
fence.” Cordon trees of one or two stems are made 
to cross one another diagonally. The object of 
this form of training is to give an ornamental effect 
to a fence, and to screen one part of a garden from 
another. 
Pear trees are equally as well grown as Apples, and 
exhibit the same variability in the vigour of different 
varieties. 4 ft. and 5 ft. stems for maiden trees are 
quite common. Older pyramidal and dwarf-trained 
trees are grown in quantity. They are worked upon the 
Quince, of which there were 8,000 ready to be grafted. 
Favourite varieties of Pears are Doyenne du Comice, 
Louise Bonne of Jersey, Jersey Gratioli, Williams’ Bon 
Chretien, Beurre Diel, Chaumontel, Beurre Giffard, 
Uvedale’s St. Germain (better known in the island, 
perhaps, as Belle de Jersey), Josephine de Malines, 
Glou Morceau, Duchesse d’Angouleme, Durondeau (here 
called De Tongres), Pitmaston Duchess, and Marechal 
de la Cour. We noted also some quantity of standards 
with clean stems 5 ft. to 6 ft. high. 
A few of the leading varieties of Plums are grown 
in quantity, including Victoria, Kirke’s, Golden Drop, 
Green Gage, and Jefferson. We noted healthy dwarf- 
trained trees as well as standards. The Myrobalan 
stock is that used for budding them on. Cherries are 
budded upon the Mahaleb stock in August. The 
Bigarreau Napoleon, Black Bigarreau, May Duke, 
Black Tartarian, and Morello varieties are some of the 
greatest favourites. 
' Peaches and Nectarines receive some attention, 
including Condor, Alexandra Noblesse, Early Alexan¬ 
der, Early York, Princess of Wales, Stirling Castle, 
Barrington, and Waterloo. They are grown as 
pyramids for pot-work, dwarf trained for walls, and as 
standards, with stems 5 ft. to 6 ft. high. They are 
budded upon the Myrobalan and St. Julien stocks. 
A large number of sorts of Gooseberries are kept in 
stock, and are tended with the same care as other 
subjects in the nursery. The Lancashire prize-taking 
varieties are largely grown, and the bushes we noted 
were from one to three years old. Crown Bob, Lan¬ 
cashire Lad, Plough Boy, Conquering Hero, Telegraph, 
Golden Drop, Trumpeter, White Lion, and General are 
some ot the varieties grown. 
Amongst Black Currants were Black Naples, Lee’s 
Prolific, and Black Champion. Red Currants included 
Red Versaillaise and Red Dutch. White varieties of 
the above also find a place. The bushes had mostly 
dropped their leaves when we saw them, disclosing 
sturdy, but by no means rank, young wood. They 
were of the same ages as the Gooseberries. 
In the Channel Islands young Vines are grown in 
the open ground. Cuttings are used in some instances, 
and these are inserted in the ground at once, and 
afterwards lifted when of sufficient size for sending out. 
At the High View Nursery eyes are used in pilace of 
cuttings, and they are first rooted in pots and after¬ 
wards planted out. Black Hamburgh, Gros Colmar 
and Alicante are amongst the varieties so treated. The 
wood ripens wonderfully in the open air. 
Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, &c. 
Considerable attention is given to Roses, which are 
grown in some quantity ; but owing to the lateness of 
the season we did not examine the varieties. As in 
other parts of the nursery, however, the best of the 
H. P. sorts for exhibition and other purposes are grown, 
both as standards and in bush form. The Manetti is 
largely used as a stock in certain cases. Large 
quantities have just been budded. Briars are used for 
standards, and we noted a large piece of ground planted 
with Briars of various heights, graduated so as to 
present a gradually rising surface to the eye of the 
spectator. Tea Roses are also grown, including 
Marechal Niel, Gloire de Dijon, and other leading 
sorts. 
The varieties of Euonymus japonicus are in great 
request upon the island, and the demand has to be 
met. Notwithstanding the equable nature of the 
climate, a frost occurred last spring which cut down 
the plants not only here, but elsewhere upon the 
island. The loss has partly been repaired during the 
past summer. The Evergreen or Holly Oak (Quercus 
Ilex) is also a great favourite, and is largely grown in 
pots plunged in the soil. The trees vary from one to 
five years old, and also from a few inches to 3£ ft. in 
height. Some of the rapidly growing Poplars are in 
request, and here are many tall thriving specimens. 
Amongst Elms we noted Ulmus montana pendula, and 
U. campestris sarniensis, variously called the Guernsey 
and the Jersey Elm ; it is an upright variety of rapid 
growth. Amongst Conifers we noted Retinospora 
plumosa aurea, Cupressus Lawsoniana erecta viridis, 
Thuja orientalis aurea, and T. o. elegantissima. 
A quantity of Dahlias are grown, including exhibi¬ 
tion, Cactus, single, Pompon, and dwarf bedding 
varieties. The seed-bearing form of the Pampas Grass, 
with silky white panicles of flowers, is grown under the 
name of Gynerium argenteum Bertini. 
-- 
COLCHIOUM AUTUMNALE. 
So long as the weather remains fine the Colchicums 
make a fine display during the autumn months, but in 
dashing rains the unprotected flowers get beaten down 
and appear miserable till another crop of bloom is 
encouraged to come forth by a fine day or two. For 
garden decoration the best plan is to plant them in 
sheltered places, under the shade of trees, in clumps 
and lines at the foot of the hedges in the pleasure 
grounds, or some similar place where they would appear 
to best advantage during the autumn months when the 
days are getting shorter, leaves falling, and flowers in 
the open garden scarcer. Of course they may be grown 
anywhere, on rockeries or in borders if it be so desired. 
The subject of our illustration is the commonest species 
in gardens and naturally the oldest. It is, moreover, a 
native of Britain in some localities, but by no means 
common. Some varieties of it have arisen under culti¬ 
vation, including one with white flowers, a dark purple, 
a double purple and a double white. The double 
varieties are pretty common and more durable, as the 
increased number of segments gives the flowers more 
rigidity, and enables them to withstand wet weather 
better. 
-- - 
GARDEN NOMENCLATURE. 
I truly hope we are not going to try and emulate the 
inhabitants of Bedlam in our garden nomenclature. 
Last week a correspondent referred to a Cucumber as 
“ Once Grown Ever Grown,” manifestly a very foolish 
title. An old and esteemed friend has named an 
Apple “ Pay the Rent.” A popular American Peach is 
called “Stump the World.” Someone has a “Poor 
Man’s Friend ”—in fact there seems to be no end to 
vagaries in nomenclature. These names ought to be 
“sat upon ” as being vulgar as well as foolish. 
We have no desire to see garden nomenclature of the 
slangy order, and the more refined names are, the 
pleasanter will be our association with the things 
named. Of course there is not much yet to complain 
of, but it is well to protest in time, lest by its becoming 
an article of belief that odd or foolish names command 
the greater attention, we shall find such nomenclature 
poured forth in a flood. Those who have to report 
shows or to frequently refer to names of products know 
what an intolerable nuisance long names are. The 
shorter, if clear and sensible, the better. 
We shall never improve on Ribston Pippin or Lord 
Suffield in Apples, Telegraph in Cucumbers, Early Rose, 
Abundance, London Hero, or Chancellor in Potatos, and 
so on. With other things simple yet expressive names 
are much the best, and if possible should never exceed 
two words. French names are altogether out of accord 
with our nomenclature, for many of them are intoler¬ 
ably long, whilst our associating bastard French with 
English terms in naming is intolerable too. We have 
bother enough with the enormous length incidental to 
botanical terms ; but there is this much to be said in 
favour of Latin nomenclature, that it forms a language 
understood by all nations and peoples interested in 
plants, whereas purely common or English names are 
understood only by us. 
Still any phonetic system applied to horticultural, or 
rather botanical Latin would be very welcome, which 
would not only render reporting of names more easy, 
but would facilitate the acquirement of knowledge of 
plant names by learners more readily also.— A. D. 
-->X<-- 
A METHOD OF WINTER 
GARDENING.* 
By the Rev. W. Wilks, M.A. 
I will premise that my little vicarage garden consists 
almost entirely of borders—wide borders —full, or fairly 
full, of hardy herbaceous plants and bulbs, and so on. 
I do not much affect beds—at least my liking for them 
varies in inverse proportion according whether they are 
indoors or out—a good proportion indoors, but only a 
small one here and there outdoors. A good expanse of 
bright green grass, shaded with one or two large trees, 
and dotted about haphazard (or rather with the artful¬ 
ness that conceals art) with shrubs and large-growing 
herbaceous plants, like the Acanthuses, the Rhubarbs, 
and the Fennels, and good clumps of Pampas Grass, the 
Bamboos, Arundo conspicua, and such-like, and then 
the whole surrounded by wide borders, some sunny and 
some shady, and all backed up with shrubs, such as Rho¬ 
dodendrons, Kalmias, Bays, Azaleas, Portugal Laurels, 
Lilacs, Philadelphus (commonly known as Syringas), 
Laurustinus, Weigelas, Hollies, and so on, that is my 
idea of a good, serviceable English pleasure-garden ; a 
garden with abundant variety of form and colour, of 
flower and foliage ; a garden in which every day finds 
something fresh to look at, to admire and watch ; a 
garden where every step brings variety, and every 
season its own special charm ; a garden not only to 
take pleasure in, but to be itself the pleasure. 
Well, you will all agree that in such a garden as I 
have faintly sketched, spring, with its Snowdrops and 
Anemones, its Primroses and Violets, its nodding 
blue and white Wood Hyacinths, its Daffodils and 
Tulips, and its Apple-blossom, and a thousand other of 
a hardy garden’s glories—spring is, and must be 
charming. Who can attempt to describe the summer 
garden, with its Irises and its Foxgloves, its Poeonies 
and its Carnations, its innumerable Bell-flowers, and, 
chief of all, its Roses ? Summer is always charming. 
And so is autumn, with its wealth of colour: its 
Dahlias—yes, I am very fond of Dahlias, double and 
single, Pompon and Cactus, I would fain have them all— 
and its Sunflowers, and its Michaelmas Daisies and 
Chrysanthemums; and then the leaf glory of the 
ripening trees, and the deciduous shrubs—oh ! autumn 
is very lovely. But how about the winter ? Well, 
some devotees of hardy gardening tell us to leave all the 
old stalks and decaying foliage, and to rejoice therein. 
Now I yield to none in my admiration of the colours 
and forms of leafless but living twigs and branches in 
the winter : the yellow and almost crimson of some of 
the Willows ; the claret-plum colour some of the Plum 
bark gathers ; the silver snow of the Birch, surmounted 
by the falling spray of its delicate claret-coloured twigs ; 
the bright yellowy red russet of the Scotch Firs and 
Larches ; the grey-dove colour of the Oak trunks, the 
twigs all covered with glaucous haze, through which 
the rosy nut-brown of the bark or skin gleams out ; 
the exquisite harmony of colour in the lichen and 
moss-bearing gnarled branches and gouty-looking 
branchlets of old Apple trees, and so on ; but I can see 
no beauty in the absolutely dead stalks of Lilies, 
Phloxes, Paeonies, Sunflowers, Michaelmas Daisies, 
Chrysanthemums, and such things. I seem to see in the 
one class of colour the evidence of suspended but 
existing life, and in the other the presence of death 
and decay and gloom. True, one knows the rootstocks 
are all living (at least if the slugs aie sleeping), but 
* Abstracted from a paper read at the meeting of the R >yal 
Horticultural Society on January 14th, 1S90. 
