150 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
November 8, 1890. 
not very popular, yet if well grown, a limited number 
will always sell, such as Constant, Falstaff, John Bain, 
and Mary. 
Poeticus.—The most popular of all, and perhaps the 
most plentiful ; and here, ornatus is foremost in 
every respect. But to secure a continuance of bloom, 
grandiflorus, poetarum, and reeurvus are indispensable. 
Odorus and o. rugulosus are both favourites, and 
can be sold in large quantities. 
Class 10.—Doubles. 
Sulphur Crown, Orange Phoenix, incomparabilis pi., 
Telamonius pi., and double white poeticus may all be 
grown in large quantities. I have never heard that 
anyone has succeeded in forcing the latter, but if it 
could be done it would greatly add to its value. And 
anyone who has land that would grow cernuus pi. and 
capax, would be sure to find a ready sale for them. In 
adding to those named, the cultivator need not fear to 
select varieties with long stems, large bloom, decided 
colour, and those that stand well when cut. 
The Culture. 
This may to some growers be very simple, to others very 
difficult; but it may be taken for granted that no one 
can grow a collection of Daffodils with equal success on 
one plot of land. In 1881, I planted a collection in a 
bed of strong heavy land. After remaining there for 
two years, it was found at lifting time that capax and 
cernuus pi. had entirely disappeared, whereas Emperor 
and Empress had multiplied fourfold—a clear proof that 
these varieties require different treatment. Since that 
time we have divided our collection into two parts, the 
one part consisting of garden forms, and the other of 
those that are supposed to be wild forms, or at least 
are not known to be garden varieties. The latter 
section is planted after a crop of Eye, and receives no 
manure, and the bulbs are not allowed to remain in the 
ground more than one season, whereas the former 
received a liberal supply of stable manure. 
To prepare the land, I think it will be found that 
the plough has taken the place of the fork and the 
spade ; and although, as I have already said, some of 
the varieties do well with manure, yet no variety likes 
the bulb to come actually in contact with it; and I 
fail to see how stable manure can be dug in with the 
fork or spade to a sufficient depth. 
At Ham Green, we use Howard’s digging plough 
with four horses, ploughing a depth of 14 ins., which 
is equal to bastard trenching. "When the land is 
harrowed androlled, then follows a little double-breasted 
plough, with a bed 2 ft. long, and a wheel in front to 
regulate the depth ; by this method you can get a 
more level bed for the bulbs than a man can take out 
with the spade. This plough, when drawing out a 
fresh row, at the same time covers the row that has 
just been planted; thus it will be seen that the 
Daffodil can be grown much cheaper on a large than on 
a small scale. Fortunately for the cultivator, the 
varieties in this big family do not require to be planted 
all at one time. Some growers plant their bulbs 
directly after they lift them, but I have always found 
it better to dry and clean the bulbs before planting. 
We start in August with ornatus, and like to have all 
planting over in September. A safe guide to regulate 
the time of planting the varieties is the swelling round 
the base of the bulb. After planting, it is very 
necessary to rake or harrow the bed once in ten days 
during the autumn. As soon as the row can be well 
seen in spring, they are hoed. The custom of 
gathering the buds and forcing them in water, under 
glass, is well known : the advantage is, cleaner flowers 
and earlier to market. But a little judgment is 
required in selecting the stage at which to pick the 
various varieties. Poeticus reeurvus may be gathered 
before it has burst its spathe ; whereas ornatus ought to 
have burst and the bud to have turned, and no trumpet 
should be gathered till the perianth has burst free from 
the trumpet. The only danger in this system is, that 
if they have been too long in water, the flowers seem 
too full of water, and therefore are soft and do not 
carry well. 
The question naturally arises, Can we grow Daffo¬ 
dils in this country as well as in any other ? The 
experience of the last six years says emphatically. Yes ! 
I have examined ornatus, growing under a good 
cultivator on the Riviera, and both foliage and bulb 
were quite one-third less than those grown in this 
country. If the demand for bulbs for forcing goes on 
increasing at the present rate, I am satisfied that we 
shall be able to meet the demand, and that of America 
also ; and I am satisfied that with annual lifting and 
planting, and that done at the proper time, we need 
fear no competitors. 
CHRYSANTHEMUMS ABOUT 
LONDON. 
Messrs. J. LaiSS & Sons, Forest Hill. 
As usual there is a fine display here in the house occupied 
by tuberous Begonias in summer. A large number 
of them are grown on the cut-back system, and have 
both fine foliage and large heads. A considerable 
number vary between 1J ft. and 2£ ft., including 
Cleopatra, Sunflower, Etoile de Lyon, Marsa, Zenobia, 
yellow ; Madame Louise Leroy, white ; Vice-President 
Audiguier, pink and white centre ; Mrs. Falconer 
Jameson, bronze and yellow centre ; W. H. Lincoln, 
yellow, after the style of Jardin des Plantes, "Wm. 
"Walters, Beauty of Kingessing, lilac ; Lady Lawrence 
and Mrs. R. Harrison, after the style of Mrs. C. W. 
Wheeler, but paler. All of the above are Japanese 
varieties good for exhibition purposes. Smaller blooms 
are Flammula, crimson and yellow; Wm. Singerley, 
violet-purple; Sugarloaf, reddish purple, incurved 
Japanese, and Geo. Atkinson, of the same type but 
white and a deep bloom. Five new Japanese kinds are 
Mdlle. Marie Hoste, Viviand Morel, pink ; Alberic 
Lunden, deep purple ; G. P. Rawson, yellow, slightly 
tinted bronze; and Molly Bawn, deep clear rose, reflexed 
Japanese. Better known sorts in fine condition are 
Ralph Brocklebank, Hamlet, Condor, Mrs. C. W. 
Wheeler, and Mons. Freeman. Incurved varieties are 
well represented by Bronze Queen of England, and all 
that type, as well as the Princess of Wales, Mrs. Heale, 
Miss M. A. Haggas, Barbara in fine condition, Princess 
of Teck, Golden John Salter and Lady Dorothy, a pale 
form of Charles Gibson. Amongst Pompons we noted 
the golden yellow Alice Stevens, a floriferous kind, 
and a beautiful single white, Mary Anderson. On the 
whole they seem fully up to the standard of former 
years. The specimens of Etoile de Lyon near the glass 
were very richly coloured. 
Rye Croft Nursery. 
This nursery is practically a new establishment, as 
most of the glass has been put up within the last 
twelve months. The house in which the Chrysanthe¬ 
mums are arranged has just been completed. It is a 
span-roofed structure, 103 ft. long, by 25 ft. wide, is 
admirably ventilated top and bottom, and so constructed 
as to admit of a maximum of light. Most of the 
plants are grown with the view of getting quantity 
rather than size of bloom. Mademoiselle Lacroix, in 
24-size pots, bears from five to twelve blooms each, 
while in large pots containing four plants, it bears from 
forty to sixty blooms. A succession of bloom for cut- 
flower purposes is obtained from Lady Selborne, 
Elaine, Mademoiselle Lacroix, Florence Percy, and 
Fair Maid of Guernsey, in the order named. Other 
good Japanese kinds we noted were Cesare Costa, 
crimson; Mons. Delaux, crimson, spotted yellow ; 
Annie Clibran, pink ; Margot, pink ; Mons. Bergman, 
golden yellow ; Hamlet, crimson ; Cleopatra, white ; 
William Robinson, bronzy orange ; Mrs. R. Brett, like 
a yellow Florence Percy ; and Alberic Lunden, deep 
purple. The curious but pretty Mrs. James 
Carter resembles a yellow Sweet Sultan or Centaurea. 
Amongst incurved varieties here are Camille Flam- 
marion, darker than Violet Tomlin ; Prince Alfred, 
purple ; Queen of England, in splendid form ; 
John Doughty, a rosy fawn sport from Lord Alcester, 
and very fine ; Madame Mante, yellow, with bronzy 
reverse ; and M. R. Bahuant, carmine, with silvery 
cerise, reverse. Several of the above are new. Aurore 
is a crimson reflexed variety, with broad florets. Large 
Anemones are represented by Annie Low, yellow ; and 
Miss Margaret Boyce, with lilac ray and yellow disc ; 
while M. Charles Lebocqz is a beautiful yellow 
Japanese Anemone. Others are Cullingfordi, crimson 
reflexed ; Delaux Precocite crimson Pompon; and 
Mrs. D. B. Crane, single, cerise. All are dwarf and 
well grown, considering that many of them were late 
in being propagated. 
St. John’s Nursery^, Putney. 
Chrysanthemums are grown here chiefly for the sake of 
cut flowers, and Mr. Geo. Stevens manages so as to 
produce the flowers over the greatest length of time. 
Large quantities are grown of those which supply the 
greatest quantity of flowers of popular colours. Elaine, 
Wm. Holmes and some others have been in season for 
a long time. Four houses are filled with Chry¬ 
santhemums in various stages, including a houseful of 
Pompons, amongst which we noticed Alice Stevens, 
deep golden yellow, Model, lilac, and President, violet- 
purple. Eynsford Gem and Snowflake are also good 
kinds. In other houses Gorgeous, a bright yellow 
Japanese sort, is very telling. Mons. H. Elliott and 
Ed. Audiguier are also choice kinds. Scattered about 
amongst them were Bacchus, a crimson Japanese 
Anemone, and M. Chas. Lebocqz, another belonging to 
the same class, with a bright yellow disc, and a pale 
yellow ray. A curiosity in its way and very floriferous 
is Alfred Stevens, a Japanese incurved sport from Wm. 
Holmes. Avalanche, Etoile de Lyon, Mr. Garnar, 
Marsa, Amy Furze, Maiden’s Blush, Wm. Stevens, and 
Miss M. A. Haggas are fine, and keep up their 
old reputation. The same of course may be said 
of all the popular incurved varieties, including 
Mrs. Dixon, Empress of India, Queen of England, Lord 
Alcester, and their various sports. John Lambert is a 
sport from the last named and is the best form of the 
varieties that closely resemble the Golden Queen of 
England. M. A. Deleau is a beautiful white Japanese 
variety resembling Mademoiselle Lacroix, but not so 
reflexed. Not very common is Madame Baco ; this, as 
well as the popular exhibition sorts, Sunflower, Mons. 
Bernard, Jeanne Delaux, Ed. Molyneux, Mr. H. 
Cannell, and others we noted in the house where the 
best show is now maintained. Yokohama Beauty is a 
buff-yellow Japanese variety of great size, changing to 
crimson. M. Pankoucke, Jeanne Marty, and Annie 
Lowe represent the Anemone section ; Yiolet Tomlin, 
Mrs. W. Shipman, and John Doughty, the incurved 
sorts ; while Crimson King, Dr. Sharpe, and Culling¬ 
fordi are some of the best reflexed varieties. 
Messrs. J. Carter & Co., Forest Hill. 
The collection this year is arranged in two low span- 
roofed houses, a division of one of which is occupied 
with seedlings under trial. Amongst the latter are 
some curious forms, and others of great promise. Some 
that were single last year are now semi-double, or even 
fully double. There are white, orange, lilac, rose, 
incurved rose, and a very floriferous single yellow 
resembled a starry yellow Marguerite. In the other 
division of this house were some line samples of Yal 
d’Andorre, Roi des Japonais, Holborn Beauty, Agnes 
Flight, Florence Percy, Henry Carter, crimson and 
yellow, and Mrs. Beale. There was a hatch of the 
latter in 48-size pots, the plants being very dwarf and 
bearing a single bloom. The varieties with slender 
thread-like florets are both curious and pretty, 
particularly Mrs. James Carter, yellow, fading almost 
white; Alice Carter, of the same type, is crimson 
and yellow, and Mabel Carter, white. Some fine 
samples are to be seen in a lower and better lighted 
house. Amongst them were Stanstead White, Sun¬ 
flower, Triomphe de la Rue des Chalets, Bertha Flight, 
Etoile de Lyon, finely coloured, Mons. H. Elliott, buff- 
red, Avalanche, Mons. Harman Payne, bronze and 
yellow, Mons. Bernard, rich purple, Mrs. J. Wright, 
and James Salter. The two latter were cut 
back and dwarf. Mrs. F. Jameson, a buff-yellow 
variety, has a large and deep bloom. Geo. Daniels is 
pale pink and something in the way of Etoile de Lyon, 
and both are inclined to develop ‘ 1 hen and chicken ’ 
fashion. President Hyde, golden yellow, and Sarah 
Owen, bronze and yellow, are broad petalled kinds. 
Cloth of Gold is still a good yellow of the reflexed type. 
Incurved varieties are represented by Princess of Wales, 
Yiolet Tomlin, Prince Alfred, Lady Talfourd, Miss 
M. A. Haggas, and Beauty of Stoke, a light amber 
kind. Sabine is a fine Japanese Anemone. 
The London Nursery, 4, Maida Yale. 
Here, as elsewhere, Chrysanthemums constitute the 
all-absorbing topic at present. Mr. P. McArthur is 
not an exhibitor in the usually recognised sense of the 
term, but he grows his plants for the production of the 
greatest quantity of bloom, consistent with fair-sized 
flowers, so as to meet the wants of the general public. 
The finest display is located in a low span-roofed house 
near the main thoroughfare. Here a fine bank of 
bloom, occupying the centre of the house, meets the 
eye of the visitor upon entering. A large number 
are grown, and we noted many familiar varieties in 
Avalanche, Source d’Or, Lady Selborne, Margot, Ed. 
Audiguier, Madame C. Audiguier, Soleil Levant, Reful¬ 
gence, Prince of Wales, Golden Empress, Dr. Sharpe, 
Comte de Germiny, Maiden’s Blush, Mrs. C. lYheeler, 
Golden Beverley, Alfred Salter, Mons. Astorg, Sun¬ 
flower, Wm. Robinson, and others. New or little 
known varieties are the Japanese Dr. Walker, James 
McDonald, Mrs. J. Laing, Mademoiselle Paul Dutour, 
lilac tinted, white in the centre ; Cossack, crimson ; 
and Dr. McRay, pink. The bronzy purple incurved 
Nil Desperandum is very much neglected amongst growers 
at the present day. Madame Desgranges is dwarf and 
bushy, but now past its best. Wm. Holmes is too well 
known to need description. Faust is a dull crimson or 
