190 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
Xovember 22, 1890. 
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS, 
It is particularly requested that correspondents 
will favour us with their communications as early in 
the week as possible, and that they address them only 
to “The Editor.” 
Apples Cankered. — T. Pett: Some of the varieties you 
mention are of weakly constitution and very liable to canker, 
so that we are not surprised at hearing of their doing badly in 
your heavy soil. In the first place you speak of their being 
trained as espaliers, that is, with the branches horizontal. 
Now we do not approve of Apple trees of any kind being trained 
in that way if it can be helped, much less those weakly growing 
kinds. We should grow them on the bush system, or train 
them in the fan shape, so as to give the branches an ascending 
direction. Secondly, we are afraid they are planted too deep in 
such heavy soil. It is probable that the holes with the 
concreted bottom act as basins for the retention of moisture. 
The soil should be well drained, putting in plenty of drains and 
keeping them near the surface. Then, again, if the soil is 
naturally very wet, we should raise slight mounds on which to 
plant the trees, keeping the roots near the surface ; and to 
encourage root development near the surface, we should mulch 
them with fairly well-rotted farm-yard manure. The practice of 
putting turf in the holes is a good one, but we should not put it 
very deeply down in heavy, clayey, or wet soils. 
Apple Trees, Fig, &c. — 31. McL : 1, We do not know what 
is the average bearing life of an Apple tree on the paradise 
stock. 2, Most usually raised from layers. 3, There must be some 
mistake, you cannot have got the right variety. 
Books. — Beauregard : Les Orchidees, by Lewis Castle, published 
by F. & R. Buyck, 15, Rue de la Tour Rouge, Ghent. 
Cart Grease for the Winter Moth.— Campanula: Ordinary 
cart grease, if good, is considered the best substance that can be 
obtained for applying to the stems of Apple trees, to prevent 
the ascent of the moth, and is less dangerous to the stems than 
if tar were mixed with it. The fault evidently lies with the 
paper you use. Grease-proof paper, or what is known as 
Willesden waterproof paper,would meet your case. The band o^ 
grease should be S ins. wide and of considerable thickness, to 
prevent its drying up too rapidly, and should be examined every 
few days, and certainly once a week ; because if the moths are 
numerous, they will so cover up the grease in places, that other 
individuals will get over their backs and up the tree. You must 
attend, therefore, to removing the insects and renewing the 
grease. To prevent the grease from running down on to the 
hark, the paper band should be considerably wider than the 
grease, the latter being put towards the upper edge of the paper. 
Eggs on Apple Tree. — Campanula : The small black eggs so 
densely arranged near the buds on the tips of the young shoots 
of your Apple trees, are those of the Apple Aphis (Aphis Mali), 
which will hatch out in spring as soon as the young leaves 
unfold, and cripple them before they get fully expanded, causing 
them to roll backwards, forming hiding places for the insect. 
The leaves also turn yellow and red, by which you readily 
recognise what enemy is at work. The insects are quite black 
in spring and the early part of summer, but succeeding 
generations become red and pink, and finally green about 
■midsummer. You can prevent the pest from attaining a strong 
footing by pruning away all useless shoots and burning them 
immediately to destroy the eggs. Clean infested shoots that 
cannot be spared with a hard half-worn brush dipped in a lather 
of Gishurst Compound, or in a solution of soft-soap, making sure 
that you remove all the eggs thanxan be detected. Then again 
in spring, remove all curled leaves on their first appearance, to 
prevent the insect from spreading. 
Holly and Box.— Stella: Holly branches cut now and 
heeled in, would no doubt retain their leaves, but they would 
hardly be presentable for decorative purposes. Box planted 
now without many roots, would do fairly well if the weather 
does not come on too severe. 
Names of Fruits. —S. -/., Shrcwsfoiry : Grange’s Pearmain. 
J. J.: Royal Somerset. J. Potten: Not known to us ; a worth¬ 
less variety. J. W.: 1, Beurre Superfin ; 2, not recognised ; 
3 and 4, Duchesse d’Angouleme ;'5, Beurre Hardy ; 6, Yerulam 
7, Cliaumontelle. 
Names of Plants. — Stella: Eupatorium odoratum. 
Plants for Cut Bloom.— Staffordshire : We presume that 
you do not desire to omit Chrysanthemums and Michaelmas 
Daisies from your list, as they practically represent two of the 
most abundant and easily accessible classes of plants during the 
dull month of November, particularly Chrysanthemums. 
There is practically nothing in the way of cut flowers to be had 
out-of-doors in November, although berry-bearing plants are 
fairly plentiful, including Hollies, Cotoneasters, Pernettyas, 
Crataegus pyracantha and other species. Greenhouse plants 
which you may turn to account are Salvia splendens, S. 
involucrata Betheli, S. azurea grandiflora (S. Pitcheri), S. 
rutilans, Bouvardias, Marguerites, Epacris, Eupatorium 
odoratum, Cytisus racemosuS, Cannas, Begonia Knowsleyana, 
Viburnum tinus, Libonia floribunda, Sericographis Ghiesbreghtii. 
and others of similar character. To grow some of these success¬ 
fully, such as Sericographis and Libonia, it would be a great 
advantage to you to possess a warm pit or two in which to grow 
them on. We refrain from giving the best twelve plants, 
choosing rather to name some from which you may select what 
would most suit your taste. 
Communications Received.— Standon (next week).—W. D.— 
Watford—J. W.—G. F.—W. P. R.—H. H.—D. P. L.—J. S — 
S. & S.—W. N.—L. C.—H. N.—G. F. W. 
-- 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
Kelway & Son, LaDgport.—Wholesale Catalogue of Gladioli. 
W. Harris Thompson, Union Bridge,'Pemberton, Lancashire. 
—Select List of Chrysanthemums. 
W. P. Laird & Sinclair, Dundee.—Catalogue of Roses, 
Forest and Ornamental Trees, &c. 
Thomas Lazton, Bedford.—Novelties and Choice Varieties of 
Seeds and Roots. 
Stuart & Hein, Kelso.—Forest Trees, Fruit Trees, &c. 
LONDON SEED TRADE. 
November 17 th. 
Messrs. Hurst & Sox, 152,?Houndsditch, and 39, 
Seed Market, Mark Lane, S.E., report trade in better 
Clover seeds slow. White Clover and Alsike are held 
for higher figures. Red Clover and Trefoil unchanged. 
Rye Grasses, Mustard, and Rape steady. 
--- 
OOVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
November 19 Hi. 
Cut Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s.d. s.d. s.d. s d. 
Arum Lilies, 12 Trims.. 4 0 SC Narciss, Paper white 
Asters.12 buns. 4 0 9 0 (French) doz. behs. 4 0 9 0 
Bouvardias, per bun. 0 6 10-(English), bun. 1 0 16 
Carnations, 12 blooms 1 0 2 0 Pelargoniums,12spys. 0 6 16 
Chrysanthemum, —scarlet ..12sprays 0 4 0 6 
12 blms. 1 0 3 0 Primula, double, bun. 0 6 10 
— .12 bchs. 3 0 12 0 Pyrethrum, doz. behs. 2 0 4 0 
Eucharis ..per dozen 4 0 6 0 Roses, yellow, per doz. 2 0 4 0 
Gardenias, 12 blooms. — Tea_per dozen 0 6 2 0 
Heliotropes, 12 sprays 0 6 10 — Red.per doz. 10 2 0 
Hyacinth, Roman, —Saffrano ..per doz. 10 2 0 
doz. sprays 10 16 Stephanotis, 12 sprays 3 0 6 0 
Lapageria, 12 blooms 2 0 4 0 Tuberoses, per dozen. 0 4 0 6 
Lilium, various, 12his. 2 0 6 0 Violets (Fnch.),Panne 
MaidenhairFem,12bns.4 0 9 0 per bunch 2 6 3 6 
Marguerites, 12bun. 3 0 6 0 — — dark . 16 26 
Mignonette ..12 bun. 3 0 6 0 —English..doz. bun. 10 2 0 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Priecs. 
s.d. s.d. s.d. s. d. 
Aralia Sieboldi ..doz. 6 0 18 0 Ferns,invar..perdoz. 4 0 18 0 
Bouvardias ..perdoz. S 0 12 0 Heliotrope, per doz. 4 0 6 0 
Chrysanthemums,doz. 6 0 24 0 Hydrangea ..perdoz. 9 0 24 0 
Cyperns ..per dozen 4 0 12 0 Liliums, various, doz. 12 0 30 0 
Dracaena term., doz. 30 0 60 0 Marguerites perdoz. 6 0 12 0 
— viridis .doz. 9 0 24 0 Mignonette, per doz. 4 0 6 0 
Erica, various .. 4oz. 12 0 IS 0 Palms in variety, each 2 6 21 0 
Evergreens,invi. ,,doz.6 0 24 0 Pelargoniums,scarlet, 3 0 6 0 
Vegetables.—Average Retail Prices. 
CONTENTS. 
PAGE 
Allotments in Lancashire . 1S1 
Amateurs’ Garden, the - 1S6 
Auricula in winter, the .. 1S4 
Begonias as bedding plants 1SS 
Birds, the . 1S4 
Bouvardias . 1S4 | 
Brussels Sprouts . 1S4 
Cabbages, young . 188 
Chrysanthemum,exhibition 183 
Chrysanthemum, the 
florists’ . 1S2 
Chrysanthemum, Louis 
Boehmer .1SS 
Chrysanthemums, new -184 
Chrysanthemum shows . . 1S9 
Crystal Palace Horticul¬ 
tural Exhibition . 184 
Cypripedium Antigone .... 1S9 | 
Flowers, sweet-scented .. 1ST. 
page 
Gardeners' Orphan Fund .. 187 
Gooseberries . ISO 
Hibberd. the late Mr. S. .. 179 
Hildon Park . 186 
Hobby, having a . ISO 
Horticultural Exhibitions 190 
Oak, Knap Hill Scarlet .. 187 
Odontoglossum Duvivier- 
anum . 1S9 
OdontoglossumNoezlianum 1S9 
Orchid Growers’ Calendar 189 
Palm nursery, a . 186 
Pear, Flemish Beauty .... 1ST 
Potatos and the Disease .. 187 
Primroses, blue . ISO 
Roses, sweet-scented . 1S7 
Royal Fern, the . 1S1 
Tainia sessilifolia . 189 
Winter Moth, the . 1SS 
VIOLIN. 
Magnificent Concert Solo Violin. Copy of Nicolas Amati. 
Perfectly sound, very handy. Splendid rich carrying tone, suit 
Lady, Gentleman or any Violinist. First-class baize-lined, 
lock-up box, grand bow. resin, music. OWNER REQUIRES 
CASH, SACRIFICE LOT for 14s. 6d. Pm chaser will always 
be fond of this spleDdid instrument. POSITIVELY A GIFT. 
Mrs WUIIRSTHOIISE 
OPPOSITE CLUB , 
VIRQUFI F A I FRFTDN 
J3 2 PASTEL PORTRAIT FREE. 
To introduce our fine work, if you will send us a good photo 
of yourself or any member of your family, we will make you a 
fine life-size £2 Pastel Portrait FREE OF CHARGE. The only 
return desired of you will he that you show our work to your 
friends and assist us in securing orders, also that you guarantee 
to have the picture suitably framed, so that the work will show 
to advantage. Write your name and address very plainly on the 
hack of the photo you wish done, and send it at once. It wij 
he safely returned.— Address, F. CARR A Co., 37, Warwick 
Street, Worthing, Sussex. 
s.d. s.d. s.d. s.d. 
Artichokes, Globe,doz. 3 0 6 0 Herbs _per bunch 0 2 0 4 
Asparagus .. ..per 100 Horse Radish, bundle 3 0 5 0 
Beans, French, per lh. 0 4 Lettuces ..per dozen 16 2 0 
Beet .per dozen 2 0 3 0 Mushrooms, p. basket 13 2 0 
Cabbages ....perdoz. 1 6 20 Onions.... per bushel 3 6 5 0 
Carrots_per hunch 0 6 Parsley_per bunch 0 6 
Cauliflowers, English, Radishes .. per dozen 1 6 
per dozen 3 0 6 0 Small salading,punnet 0 4 
Celery_per bundle 2 6 Spinach, per strike ..2 0 
Cucumbers _each 0 4 0 6 Tomatos _per lb. 1 0 
Endive, French, doz. 2 6 3 0 Turnips _per bun. 0 6 
Potatos. —Kent Regents, 80s. to 100s. per ton; Kent Kidneys, 
80s. to 100s. per ton : Champions, 70s. per ton. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. d. s.d. 
Apples .. per J-sieve 16 6 0 
Cherries.1-sieve 
Currant, black,"isieve 
— red.1-sieve 
Grapes .per lb. 0 9 3 0 
s.d. s.d. 
Kent Cobs ...100lbs. 65 0 70 0 
Peaches....per dozen 3 0 12 0 
Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 
— St. Michaels, each 2 6 6 6 
Plums .... per 1 sieve 
NOTICE TO GARDENERS. 
I F you want to be at the top of your profession and 
out-distance all competitors ; if you want to take 
head prizes at your shows ; if you want your flowers 
and vegetables to be the envy and admiration of all, 
then you must do the right thing at the right time and 
success is certain ; RAPHAEL’S Almanac will tell you 
the exact days and hours to do this, and if you follow 
the instructions given your success is sure. 
“ Sir,—Your Hints to Farmers and Gardeners are to the point, 
and should he followed by all who wish to get the most paying 
crops in these queer times, for instance, the past year was bad 
for Onions all over the country; we grow a considerable 
quantity (being Market Gardeners), and sowed our seed at the 
time stated, and our crop was the finest we have ever grown, the 
same with several other vegetables." 
Another says:—“ I put some Peas in on one of the days you 
named and had a splendid crop, also some Potatos which 
yielded well.” 
INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. 
Anthracite Coal. park 
W. H. Essery . 
192 
United Anthracite Collrs. 
192 
Auction Sales. 
Pope & Sons . 
ITS 
Protheroe & Morris . 
ITS 
J. C. Stevens . 
ITS 
Bulbs. 
Barr & Son . 
177 
Dicksons . 
179 
H. English . 
178 
J. Peed & Sons . 
177 
Silberrad & Son. 
177 
R. Smith & Co. 
ITS 
R.Sydenham . 
179 
Catalogues. 
Barr & Son . 
177 
Cannell & Sons . 
192 
B. R. Cant . 
17S 
Dobbie & Co. 
177 
Chrysanthemums. 
W. Etherington. 
177 
H. J. Jones . 
179 
J. Laing & Sons. 
179 
Pitcher & Manda . 
179 
G. Stevens . 
177 
Climbers. 
R. Smith & Co. 
ITS 
Cut Flowers. 
H. English . 
ITS 
Ferns. 
W. & J. Birkenhead. 
179 
H. English .. 
ITS 
Liverpool Horticultural 
Co. 
ITS 
P. B. O’Kelly . 
177 
Smith. 
177 
Florists’ Flowers. 
E. S. Dodwell. 
179 
H. English . 
ITS 
Fruit Trees, &e. 
G. Bunyard & Co. 
177 
Dicksons’ .. 
ITS 
Gardener . 
177 
R. B. Laird & Sons . 
177 
Hugh Low & Co. 
179 
Fruit Trees and Roses 
J. Laing & Sons. 
179 
J. Le Cornu & Son. 
179 
R. Neal. 
17S 
T. Rivers & Son. 
179 
R. Smith & Co. 
173 
Garden Sundries. &c. 
Hirst, Brooke & Hirst.. 
G. Murray. 
177 
177 
Osman & Co. 
192 
Ponkey Potteries . 
192 
H. G. Smyth . 
17S 
Stott . 
192 
•T. Taylor & Sou. 
177 
(’. G. Warne. 
192 
Willesden Paper & Canvas 
Works . 
192 
Hardy Plants. 
F. English . 
178 
Lane . 
177 
H. May. 
179 
Heating Apparatus, page 
Standard Speciality Co... 192 
Thames Bank Iron Co.... 191 
C. Toope & Co. 192 
Horticultural Builders. 
J. Boyd & Sons . 177 
W. Cooper . 192 
C. Frazer’s Exors. 192 
J. Gray. 177 
Hayward . 177 
Mellowes & Co. 177 
W. Richardson & Co. ... 177 
J. Weeks & Co. 177 
Insecticides. 
Bridgford’s Antiseptic ... 177 
Gishurst Compound ...... 177 
E. H. Kendall. 177 
Nicotine Soap . 177 
Picrena. 192 
Manures. 
W. H. Beeson. 177 
W. Thomson & Sons. 177 
Miscellaneous. 
F. Carr & Co. 190 
Epps’ Cocoa. 192 
W. Foulsham & Co . 190 
Gishurstine. 177 
Mrs. Hursthouse . 190 
A. Outram . 192 
Smyth’s Orchid Baskets. 177 
Orchids. 
Horsman & Co. 177 
Liverpool Horticultural 
Co. 17S 
P. McArthur . 177 
J. Stevenson . 177 
Roses. 
G. W. Boothby . 177 
B. R. Cant . 17S 
H. English . 177 
Liverpool Horticultural 
Co. 17S 
H. May. 179 
W. Rumsey. 177 
S. Spooner & Sons. 179 
Seeds. 
P. McArthur . 177 
R. Smith & Co. 178 
Sutton & Sons. 177 
R. Sydenham . 179 
Stove and Greenhouse 
Plants. 
H. English . 177 
Liverpool Horticultural 
Co. 17S 
Strawberries. 
T. Laxton. 177 
R. Smith & Co. 179 
Trees. 
R. B. Laird & Sons . 177 
R. Neal. 17S 
Vines. 
J. Laing & Sons. 179 
Liverpool Horticultural 
Co. ITS 
Get the Almanac at once ; it contains information and 
guidance for all. 104 pages. Price 6d.. post free 7d. 
W. FOULSHAIV1 &. Co., 4, Pilgrim St., Ludgate Hill, E.C. 
THE GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND. 
NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS. 
A SPECIAL GENERAL MEETING of the Sub¬ 
scribers to the above Fund will be held at the 
Cannon Stp.eet Hotel on Tuesday, December 9th 
prox., at 6 o’clock p.m., to transact the following 
business :— 
(1.) To change the date of the commencement of the financial 
year from July 1st to January 1st; (2) to change the 
date of the Annual Meeting from the month of July to 
February ; and (3) to place on the Fund the following 
children —the unsuccessful candidates at the last 
election—as a Memorial to the late Mr. George Deal, 
Chairman of the Executive Committee:— 
Alfred Henry Budd Mary Grieve 
Winifred Jones Evan Evans Kinch 
Sydney Alfred Offer Francis Thos. Pragnell 
Arthur Henry Rowland. 
Resolutions will be proposed for adoption embodying 
the following alterations in the Rules :— 
In Rule III., to substitute “31st December’’ for “30th of June.” 
in Rule IS., fourth line, to substitute “December” for “June.” 
In Rule X., second line, to substitute “February” for “July." 
(By order of the Executive Committee) 
A. F. BARRON, Hon. Secretary. 
Nov. 18th, 1899. 
SMYTH’S 
GARDEN SUNDRIES, MANURES, 
SOILS, &c. 
Black and Brown Peat 
Silver Sand and Loam 
Cocoa Nut Fibre Refuse 
Leaf and Peat Mould 
Specially Prepared Mould 
Sphagnum Moss 
Guano and Dissolved Bones 
Bones, J inch and f inch 
Bone Dust, guaranteed pure 
Blood and Bone Manure, highly 
recommended 
Horticultural Charcoal 
Tobacco Cloth, far superior to 
Paper 
Mushroom Spawn 
Write for Price 
Russia and Archangel Mats 
Pot Washing Brushes 
Virgin Cork and Raffia 
Tanned Netting & Tarred Twine 
Trugg Garden Baskets 
Flower Sticks, from 1 to 5 feet 
Wooden Labels, from 4 to 12 in. 
Thin Bamboo Canes 
Rose and Dahlia Stakes out 
5 feet 
Orchid Baskets and Teak Rods 
Patent Bass Brooms 
Folding Postal Flower Boxes 
Smyth's Orchid and Hothouse 
Shading. 
jist, free by post. 
21 . 
w. Q* 8MOTH, 
GOLDSMITH STREET, DRURY LANE, W.C. 
