June 6, 1891. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
687 
only kill the furgu? wh,en it makes its appearance at 
the surface. This in itself, however, acts as a check, 
time is gained, and the Potatos make an increment of 
growth ; a second application a little later on would 
give a further advantage, and so at the end of the 
season a greater weight of Potatos would be obtained 
from a piece of ground that had been sprayed than 
from a similar piece that had not been sprayed. Ex¬ 
periments have proved this. 
Another equally important question — namely, 
whether it will pay ?—has been answered in the 
affirmative by those who have tried it on an extensive 
scale. The question of expense, both with regard to 
material and labour, is reduced within certain limits, 
in proportion to the area of the field of operations. 
For instance, a large plot can be worked much more 
cheaply than a small one, as everyone must admit, if 
proper machinery is employed to do the work quickly. 
In the case of private growers, the incentive to experi¬ 
ment is less than in the case of growers for market; 
yet in any of these cases, the British cultivator is 
behind the spirit of the age. 
The destruction caused to fruit trees and the loss in 
produce is often very great in this country, yet Nature 
is allowed to have her own way in the production and 
dissemination of parasitical fungi. The mildew of the 
as growth starts, begin the spraying again, making six 
applications during the growing period. This should 
be kept up as long as the tree stands in the nursery, 
after which the orchardist, if he wish to succeed with 
it, must follow a similar plan. It may occur to some 
that so much additional labour upon a tree will not 
pay. Careful estimates show, however, that it does 
pay. 
Cherries, Plums and Quinces are treated in the same 
way as Pears. Now in this country there are various 
destructive diseases which might profitably be made 
the subject of experiment besides the Potato fungus, 
Mildew of fruit trees, and Apple and Pear scab ; but 
those, together with Cladosporium fulvum, which is 
one of the most destructive to Tomatos, might first be 
taken in hand, instead of allowing large quantities of 
useful fruit to be destroyed. Spraying machines may 
be had at comparatively small cost, and encouragement 
given for their improvement. The fungicides em¬ 
ployed in above and similar cases, both on the Continent 
and in America, are very similar in their composition, 
and differ chiefly in detail. The following is their 
method of preparation as stated in the above-mentioned 
circular :— 
Bordeaux mixture. —Dissolve 12 lbs. of powdered 
sulphate of copper or bluestone in 15 or 20 gallons of 
TRADE CATALOGUES. 
Perhaps no one better than those closely connected 
with the horticultural press can appreciate to its fullest 
extent the wonderful improvement that has taken 
place during the last quarter of a century in the style 
and quality of the catalogues issued by the various 
trades associated with horticulture. The seed trade, of 
course, takes the lead, and about Christmas we get 
some half-dozen catalogues which are perfect triumphs 
of the typographer’s art, the coloured plates, type, 
paper, printing, all being of the most admirable 
character, while in scores of others of a less pretentious 
character we get good print, good paper, and style that 
proclaims perfect good taste. The plant catalogues 
issued later on are all excellent in their way, but do 
not attract in the same degree as the former. In other 
sections of trade the same general desire to look well 
before the world also obtains, as we are reminded by the 
receipt of a catalogue issued by that eminent North of 
England firm of horticultural builders and heating 
engineers, Messrs. W. Richardson & Co., of Darlington. 
This catalogue comprises all kinds of horticultural 
structures, from a palatial winter garden to a “Cottage ” 
one-light frame ; numerous boilers of the most approved 
types ; several kinds of valves, and an infinite variety 
□nnrinn 
itjnnnn 
SaaaoH 
□□anna 
oHnnrn 
□□□□□□ 
□□□nan 
EOEiaaa 
Design for a Span-roofed Conservatory with Lantern. 
Apple is of less importance in the eyes of the British 
horticulturist than the Apple-scab caused by Clados¬ 
porium dendriticum, and a form of it which on Pears is 
named Fusicladium pyrinum. In America the Powdery 
Mildew of the Apple, as it is called, and Pear-leaf 
Blight, seem to be much more destructive than in this 
country, and causes mischief to nursery stock, as may 
be gleaned from the following extract from Circular 
No. 10, of the United States Department of Agriculture. 
Apple Powdery Mildew. —The most serious injury to 
the seedling caused by this disease is the loss of its 
foliage. To prevent this, and thereby insure good 
working stocks for buds, spray the seedlings with the 
ammoniacal solution—first when the leaves are about 
half growD, and thereafter at intervals of twelve days. 
Following this plan, three sprayings will usually be 
made before budding, and at least two after this 
operation, making five in all. 
Pear-leaf Blight.— Nearly all varieties of the Pear 
are subject to this disease, which attacks the youDg 
and tender seedlings as well as the old, fruit-bearing 
trees. In the nursery the seedlings must be protected, 
otherwise the leaves will drop hy the 1st of July, and 
it will be next to impossible to work the stocks. 
Beginning, then, with the seedling, we would 
recommend that they be sprayed with the Bordeaux 
mixture—first when the foliage is half grown, and 
thereafter as recommended for Apple Powdery Mildew, 
excepting an additional treatment after the buds are 
inserted, making six in all. The next season, as soon 
water, using a half barrel or tub for the purpose. In 
another similar vessel make a milk of lime, by stirring 
up 8 lbs. of either unslaked or air-slaked lime in 10 or 
12 gallons of water. When the milk of lime is ready, 
mix it with the copper solution in the following manner: 
first pour the copper solution into a barrel having a 
capacity of at least 45 gallons ; then slowly add the 
whitewash, pouring this through a piece of coarse 
sacking, in order to remove bits of stone, wood, &c. 
Finally fill the barrel with water, stir thoroughly, and 
apply as directed below. 
Ammoniacal solution. —In an ordinary water pail 
dissolve 5 ozs. of carbonate of copper in 3 pints of aqua 
ammonia having a strength of 26 per cent. When 
completely dissolved pour the fluid into a barrel holding 
45 gallons, and fill the latter with water. If desirable 
the concentrated solution may be prepared in advance, 
and taken into the field in this form. When this plan 
is followed the liquid should be kept in tightly corked 
jugs. In using the solution prepared in this way it 
will only be necessary to measure out 3 pints, pour this 
into a barrel, and fill the latter with water. 
A Big Timber Speculation. —The right of felling 
trees over no fewer than 665.000 square miles of the 
Kerassond forests and 497,000 square miles of theFire- 
boli Forests, near Trebizond, has been granted by the 
Turkish Government to private speculators. The wood 
obtainable in this vast region consists, it is said, of oak, 
pine, chestnut, fir, birch, beech, and cornel. 
of connections : it has been a real pleasure to look 
through, as from the first page of the cover to the last 
it is a credit in the highest degree alike to the printer 
and the publishers. By the courtesy of Messrs. 
Richardson k Co. we are enabled to reproduce two of 
the illustrations, by no means the best in the hook, 
but selected as illustrating tw'o different types of houses 
made by the firm, and both of the best in their way. 
The span-roofed conservatory, with lantern, illustrated 
above, represents a house about 30 ft. long and 
IS ft. wide, which would look well anywhere, and 
which, while being of an ornamental character, also 
takes the eye of the workman, being an ornamental 
structure in which the plants will grow, and not, like 
too many ornamental houses, mere abominations to the 
gardener. 
The span-roofed “ Nurseryman’s ” plant house illus¬ 
trated on p. 633 is designed for practical utility rather 
than ornament, and is of a type that now finds the 
greatest favour with the most skilled among plant 
growers. There was a time, and not so long ago 
either, when side lights and side ventilation were 
considered a sine qua non in every plant house, but 
that fallacy in horticulture has been sent the way of 
a good many others by our friends “ the growers.” 
The Enfield Horticultural Society’s annual 
exhibition will be held in the grounds of Chase Side 
House on July 8 th. 
