642 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
June 6, 1S91. 
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 
Carnations Dying.— Gifford : After careful examination under 
the microscope we could detect no fungus nor insect enemy. 
The diseased appearance of the plant, (such as that presented by 
the specimen you sent us) is quite common amongst the 
Souvenir de la Malmaison Carnations in England. The leaves 
become yellow or blotchy, and the plants die off sometimes to 
a great extent. The only method pursued is to pick out the 
diseased plants, destroy them or keep them separate, and pro¬ 
pagate from the healthy plants so as to get a vigorous stock. 
Bad light in winter is often blamed for causing the plants to go 
spotted, and they often “grow out of it," to speak in gardening 
phraseology, as the days lengthen and the weather gets - finer so 
as to encourage growth. 
Cupressus MACRocARrA.—Can any of your readers say if this 
tree is poisonous to horned stock or horses ? One of our cows 
died recently which had been eating it, but I am told that the 
tree is not poisonous by some, while others maintain that it is, 
—•/. B. [We do not know of any well authenticated case of 
cattle poisoning by this tree, and it is to be regretted that our 
correspondent did not have the cow’s stomach examined by a. 
veterinary surgeon. We should be glad of any reader’s experi¬ 
ence on the subject.—E d.] 
Frost and the Fbuit Blossoms.— Omega asks us to tell him 
how many degrees of frost is sufficient to destroy fully expanded 
fruit tree blossoms in a low damp locality facing N.E., and how 
many on an elevated dry site facing South. We cannot tell him, 
so much depending upon circumstances, such as the actual 
stage of advancement of the blossoms ; whether there has been 
any rain immediately preceding the frost, and the amount of 
humidity in the atmosphere generally. The pistils are most 
sensitive to injury by frost when fully developed ; but the 
amount of frost that would kill them one morning, might not 
touch them the next. Circumstances vary so much that any 
figures given would be unreliable and misleading. 
Gloxinias.— Thos. Martin: The leaves are not diseased in 
the ordinary acceptation of the term, but are suffering in an 
acute form, as Vines and Melons do at times, from the attacks 
of a minute Acari (small wingless animals allied to insects), 
which you will find with a strong lens in abundance on the 
under sides of the leaves. There is no remedy for leaves so 
badly disfigured, but by way of prevention you should syringe 
the undersides of the leaves with soapy water or a solution of 
Gishurst Compound, and keep the atmosphere of the house 
more moist. 
Grapes Injured.— Bettwys : Both leaves and bunch are badly 
scalded, that is to say, bright sunshine has caught them some 
morning while covered with condensed moisture. Leaf and 
bunch appear to be those of Lady Downe’s, a variety much 
liable to injury in this way. To avoid the mischief in future 
give air earlier in the morning to dispel the damp before the 
sun gains much power. 
Holes in Old Trees.—O mega: The best way t.o treat hollow's 
in old trees is to fill them up with cement, making the surface 
perfectly smooth, and covering it with tar to throw off the wet. 
It is important that the cement should fit close up to the bark, 
otherwise the wet will get in behind, and do as much harm as 
if the hole had not been filled up. If the hole is very large you 
may use concrete for the bulk. 
Names of Plants.— A Learner : The Himalayan Laburnum, 
Piptanthus nepalensis. IF. J. : 1, Oneidium sp. not recognised ; 
2, Brassavola venosa; 3, Cattleya Forbesii; 4, Oneidium llex- 
uosum ; 5, Cattleya guttata immaculata ; 6, Pentas carnea. 
Raising Hollies.—/. P. C.: Hollies are nearly always raised 
from seeds, seldom from cuttings. The varieties are budded 
and grafted upon the common Holly. The best course open to 
you is therefore to sow seeds; but as they take two years to 
germinate from the time of ripening, they should be stratified 
for a year or sixteen months before sowing them in beds, other¬ 
wise you will lose the use of the ground for a season, besides 
having to keep down the weeds. The mode of stratifying the 
seeds is to place a layer of them on the ground, then a layer of 
soil, followed by another of seeds, and so on till you have a heap 
of considerable depth. Here the berries will rot, and the seeds 
make preparations to germinate during two winters and one 
summer, and should be sowm in March of the second spring, 
when the bulk of them will germinate during the same season. 
If cuttings are used, take them off in autumn and insert them in 
sandy soil in a shady border, and cover them with hand-lights. 
They will root in the spring or summer following. Grafting is 
done in March, and budding in July. 
Communications Received.—T. J. R.—IV. D. — A. J. M. 
—W. P. R.—G. S.—T. N.—J. B. (The statement is not true— 
a case of the wish being father to the thought).— S. E. R. —w. M. 
-- 
TRADE CATALOGUE RECEIVED. 
John Laing & Sons, Forest Hill, S.E.-Special Catalogue of 
Caladimns. 
--- 
LONDON SEED TRADE. 
June 1st. 
Messrs. Huest & Son, 152, Houndsditch, and 39, 
Seed Market, Mark Lane, E. C., report no change in 
state of market for Agricultural Seeds. Eye Grass is 
steady, and growing crop is reported as likely to prove 
short. 
-- 
OOVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
June 3 rd. 
Feuit.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. d. s.d. 
Apples .. per J-sieve 16 6 0 
Cherries.1-sieve 
Currant, black,"|sieve 
— red.J-sieve 
New Grapes ..per lb. 2 6 4 0 
Kent Cobs ...100 lbs. 50 0 
s. d. s.d. 
Nova Scotia Apples IS 0 30 0 
Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 
— St. Michaels, each 2 6 5 0 
Strawberries.lb 16 5 0 
Tasmania Apples, 
per case 10 0 14 0 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
Genista _per doz. 
Heliotrope, per dozen 
Lobelia.... per dozen 
Marguerites per doz. 
Mignonette, per doz. 
Musk.per dozen 
Palms in variety, each 
Pelargoniums_doz. 
— scarlet . .per dozen 
Spirrea per dozen. 
Stocks .... per dozen 
Tropaeolum.per dozen 
s.d. s.d. 
S 0 12 0 
5 0 
4 0 
6 0 
4 0 
2 0 
2 6 
8 0 
6 0 
12 0 
9 0 
4 0 
21 0 
9 0 IS 0 
3 0 9 0 
9 0 12 0 
4 0 6 0 
4 0 6 0 
s.d. s.d. 
Aralia Sieboldi ..doz. 6 0 18 0 
Azalea.per doz. IS 0 30 0 
Bouvardias ..perdoz. S 0 12 0 
Calceolaria ...per doz. 5 0 9 0 
Cineraria_per doz. 4 0 9 0 
Cyclamen ..per doz. 12 0 IS 0 
Cyperns ..per dozen 4 0 12 0 
Dracaena term., doz. 30 0 60 o 
Dracaena viridis, doz. 9 0 24 0 
Erica, various ..doz. 12 0 24 o 
Evergreens,invar ,doz.6 0 24 0 
Ferns, in var.,perdoz. 4 0 IS 0 
Foliage Plants, doz. 12 0 60 0 
Roots. —In variety for beddiDg out, in boxes, Is. to 3s. ; in pots, 
per doz., Is. to 2s. 
Cut Flowers.—Average Wholesale Priecs. 
s.d. 
Anemones, doz. bun. 2 0 
Arum Lilies, 12 blms ..2 0 
Azalea .... 12 sprays 0 6 
Bouvardias, per bun. 1 0 
Camellias, White, 
12 blooms 2 0 
Carnations, 12 blooms 1 0 
Cinerarias, doz. bchs. 6 0 
Eucharis .. per dozen 4 0 
Freezias_doz. bun. 3 0 
Gardenias. .12 blooms 1 6 
Heliotropes, 12 sprays 0 6 
Lapageria, 12 blooms 2 0 
Lilac (English). 
dozen hunches 4 0 
Lilac, French, bunch 5 0 
Lily of the Valley, 
12 sprays 0 6 
-.. doz. hunches 3 0 
Lilium=, various, doz.lS 0 
MaidenhairFern,12bnS-4 0 
Marguerites, 12 bun. 4 0 
s.d. 
s.d. 
s d. 
4 0 
Mignonette ..12 bnn. 3 
0 
6 
0 
5 
0 
Mimosa (French) bun. 1 
6 
2 
0 
1 
0 
Myosotis ..doz. bchs. 2 
0 
4 
0 
1 
6 
Narciss, various, 
doz. bchs. 1 
6 
6 0 
4 
0 
Pansies..doz. hunches 1 
0 
2 
0 
2 
0 
Pelargoniums, 12spys. 0 6 
1 
0 
9 
0 
— scarlet .. 12 sprays 0 4 
0 
6 
6 
0 
Primula, double, bun. 0 
6 
1 
0 
4 
0 
Pyrethrum, doz. bchs. 2 
0 
4 
0 
4 
0 
Roses, yellow, per doz. 1 
C 
4 0 
1 
0 
— Tea_per dozen 1 
0 
3 
0 
4 
0 
— Red.per doz. 2 0 
4 
0 
— Saffrano ..per doz. 1 
0 
2 
0 
9 
0 
Spiraea, dozen bunches 6 0 
9 
0 
6 0 
Stephanotis,doz.spys. 2 
0 
4 0 
Tuberoses, per dozen. 0 
9 
1 
0 
1 
0 
Tulips .. doz. blooms 0 
3 
0 
4 
6 0 
Violets (French), dark 1 
6 
3 
0 
30 0 
— English..doz. bun. 0 
(5 
1 
0 
9 
0 
Wallflowers, doz. bun. 2 0 
4 0 
6 
0 
Average Retail Prices. 
s.d. 
s.d. 
s.d. 
6 
0 
Herbs .. ..per hunch 0 
2 
0 0 
G 
0 
Horse Radish, bundle 2 
0 
4 
0 
o 
0 
Lettuces .. per dozen 2 
0 
2 
G 
3 0 
Mushrooms, p. basket 1 
3 
2 
0 
Onions.. ..per bushel 5 
0 
6 
0 
4 0 
Parsley.... per hunch 0 6 
Radishes ..per dozen 1 
6 
Sea Kale..per punnet 1 
0 
1 
6 
6 
0 
Small salading,punnet 0 4 
Spinach, per strike .. 3 
G 
0 
9 
Tomatos _per lb. 1 
6 
2 
0 
4 
6 
Turnips _per bun. 0 
6 
s.d. 
Artichokes, Globe,doz. 3 0 
Asparagus .... per 100 5 0 
Beans, French, per lb. 1 6 
Beet .per dozen 2 0 
Brussels Sprouts, lb. 0 6 
Cabbages_per doz. 2 6 
Carrots ....perbunch 0 6 
Cauliflowers, English, 
per dozen 3 0 
Celery ....per bundle 2 6 
Cucumbers .... each 0 6 
Endive, French, doz. 3 
Potatos. —Kent Regents, 80s. to 100s. per ton; Kent Kidneys, 
80s. to 100s. per ton : Champions, 70s. per ton. 
CONTENTS. 
PAGE 
PAGE 
Amateur’s Garden, an .... 
634 
Iris germanica. 
. 640 
Amateurs’ Garden, the_ 
63S 
Mertensia sibirica. 
. 640 
American Blight on Apple 
National Amateur Gardeners’ 
Trees . 
635 
Association. 
. 632 
Apple blossom, the . 
632 
Pansies and Slugs. 
. 636 
Beddoes, Mr. G., death of 632 
Peas for preserving .... 
. 641 
Begonias . 
041 
Pelargoniums, show .... 
. 636 
Carnations, seedling. 
640 
Plants, new, certificated 
. 633 
Chimaphila corymbosa.... 
640 
Ranunculuses. 
. 639 
Chrvsanthemum in N.S.W. 
639 
Sawdust for propagating 
639 
Cletlira, Alder-leaved _ 
640 
Stocks and Asters, on 
Cymbidium Mandaianum 
641 
saving . 
. 636 
Cuckoo Flower, the double 
635 
Temple Show, the. 
. 631 
Dendrobium hercoglossum G41 
Tiarella cordifolia. 
. 640 
Disa racemosa. 
641 
Trade Catalogues . 
. 637 
Floriculture. 
636 
Tulips, late-flowering .. 
. 640 
Fog Annihilator, the. 
633 
Tulips, new. 
. 636 
Fruit Trees on lawns .... 
636 
Vanda parviflora . 
. 641 
Fungicides and their ap- 
Vegetables, imported .. 
. 632 
plication . 
636 
Walnut and Pterocarya .. 
. 635 
INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. 
Anthracite. cage 
W. H. Essery . 631 
Auction Sales. 
Pzotheroe & Morris . 630 
Bedding Plants. 
R. B. Laird & Sons . 629 
Turner & Son . 631 
Catalogues. 
B. S. Williams & Son. 629 
Chrysanthemums. 
R. Owen . 629 
Climbers. 
R. Smith & Co. 631 
Ferns. 
W. & J. Birkenhead. 631 
P. B. O'Kelly . 629 
A. Pond . 629 
J. Smith . 629 
R. Smith & Co. 631 
Florists’ Flowers. 
H. Brooke . 629 
J. Dobbie & Co. 629 
H J. Jones. 631 
J. Laing & Sons. 629 
R. B. Laird & Sons ..... 629 
J. Peed & Sons . 629 
Reid & Bornemann . 629 
J. Stevens. 630 
Garden Sundries, &c. 
“Acme” Chemical Co... 630 
Boundary Chemical Co. 620 
H. J. Gasson . 629 
Horticultural & Agricul¬ 
tural Chemical Co. ... 644 
Horticultui" 1 Supply Co. 629 
Hirst, Bro6he & Hirst .. 629 
W. Pen Dennis .642 
A. Porter. 630 
A. Potter. 642 
R. Sankey & Son . 631 
H. G. Smyth . 644 
“ Stott ’’ Co. 644 
T. Walker. 629 
B. S. Williams & Son ... 629 
Hardy Plants. 
R. Dean. 
H. English . 
Howden & Co. 
Kehvay & Son.. 
. 629 
. 629 
. 629 
. 629 
Vertegans & Co. 630 
PAGE 
Horticultural Builders. 
J. Boyd & Sons . 629 
W. Cooper . 644 
J. Gray. 629 
Mellowes & Co. 629 
A Peel & Sons . 629 
W. Richardson & Go. ... 644 
J. Weeks & Co. 629 
Heating Apparatus. 
T. Read. 631 
Thames Bank Iron Co.... 644 
Insecticides. 
“ Acme ” Chemical Co.... 630 
Bridgford’s Antiseptic ... 629 
Corry, Soper, Fowler, 
& Co.. 630 
Gishurst Compound. 629 
Hughes’ Fir Tree Oil. 630 
Nicotine Soap. 629 
“Piercna” . 631 
Slugicide . 629 
Stott . 644 
Lawn Mowers. 
G. Coppin & Sons . 629 
Ransomes, Sims & Jeff¬ 
eries' . 642 
Manures. 
W. H. Beeson. 629 
S. G. Clay. 629 
Clay & Levesley. 630 
Native Guano Co. 644 
W. Thomson & Sons. 629 
Miscellaneous. 
Bradford Woollen Co. ... 629 
Epps’ Cocoa.-.. 642 
Gishurstine. 629 
A. Outram . 644 
Smyth’s Orchid Baskets. 629 
Mushrooms. 
W. Cutbush & Son . 631 
Orchids. 
Liverpool Horticultrl.Co. 630 
P. McArthur . 629 
H. A. Tracy. 630 
Seeds. 
Barr & Son . 629 
J. Carter & Co. 631 
R. Dean. 629 
Hooper . 629 
Sutton & Sons . 629 
Vertegans & Co. 631 
RANSOMES 
1 
At the Jubilee Meeting of the R.A.S.E. 
Windsor, HER MAJESTY THE 
QUEEN and H.R.H. PRINCESS 
VICTORIA OF PRUSSIA each pur¬ 
chased a Ransomes’ Lawn Mower. 
All Mowers 
sent on a 
Month's Trial 
Cm riage Paid. 
MOWERS, 
THE BEST IN THE WORLD. 
IN ALL SIZES TO SUIT EVERY REQUIREMENT. 
“NEW AUTOMATON,” the Best Gear Machine. 
“CHAIN AUTOMATON,” the Best Chain Machine. 
1 NEW PARIS,” the Best Small Machine. 
“EDGE CUTTER,” the only one of real service. 
“BANK CUTTER,” the Best for Cutting Slopes. 
THE BEST POXY AXD HORSE-POWER MOWERS. 
Orders executed promptly by all Ironmongers. 
RANSOMES, SIMS, & JEFFERIES, Ltd., IPSWICH. 
W. PEN DENNIS, 
P0NKEY POTTERIES, 
FIUA B0N, NORTH W ALES. 
FLOWERPOTS 
Large quantiti es of a ll Linds a lways in stock. 
SAMPLES AND PRICES ON APPLICATION. 
All Ware stamped PONKEY. 
SMYTH’S 
GARDEN SUNDRIES,MANURES, 
SOILS, &c. 
Blacka nd Brown Peat 
Silver Sand and Loam 
Cocoa Nut Fibre Refuse 
Leaf and Peat Mould 
Specially Prepared Mould 
Sphagnum Moss 
Guano and Dissolved Bones 
Bones, J inch and j inch 
Bone Dust, guaranteed pure 
Blood and Bone Manure, highly 
recommended 
Horticultural Charcoal 
Tobacco Cloth, far superior to 
Paper 
Mushroom Spawn 
Write for Price 
Russia and Archangel Mats 
Pot Washing Brushes 
Virgin Cork and Raffia 
Tanned Netting & Tarred Twine 
Trugg Garden Baskets 
Flower Sticks, from 1 to 5 feet 
Wooden Labels, from 4 to 12 in. 
Thin Bamboo Canes 
Rose and Dahlia Stakes, about 
5 feet 
Orchid Baskets and Teak Rods 
Patent Bass Brooms 
Folding Postal Flower Boxes 
Smyth’s Orchid and Hothouse 
Shading. 
List, free by post. 
H. « 
2!. GOLDSMITH STREET, DRURY LAHE, S.C. 
BOILING WATER OR MILK, 
E P PS’S 
GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 
COCOA 
BREAKFAST OR SUPPER. 
SITUATIONS. 
To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land 
Agents, Stewards, Bailiffs, or Gardeners. 
TAMES CARTER & Co. Lave at all times 
upon their Register reliable and competent MEN several 
of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. En¬ 
quiries should be made to 237 and 23S, High Holborn, W.C. 
The Gardening World. 
Subscription (including postage): 3 months, Is. 8c?. 
6 months, 3s. 3d.; 12 months, 6s. 6c?., prepaid. 
Foreign Subscriptions to all countries in the Postal 
Union, 8s. 8 d. per annum, prepaid. 
SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISEMENTS. 
Small Advertisements, solid type, Is. for first line, and 6 d. for 
every nine words after. Displayed Advertisements, per inch 
Gs. ; per column (12 ins. long), £3 5s. ; per half-page, £5 ; per 
page, £9. Special quotations given for a series. Gardeners and 
others Wanting Situations, thirty words for Is. 6d., prepaid. 
Postal and Money Orders to he made payable to B. Wynue, 
at the Drury Lane Post Office, W.C. 
*** Advertisements for the current week, and also 
"Stop Orders,” must reach the office not later than the 
first post on Wednesday Morning. 
