670 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
•June 20, 1891. 
marked in S. Berkeleyi, 'with its ringent or gaping 
flowers. Angrascum sesquipedale is still retained under 
that name, notwithstanding the adoption of Lindley’s 
name of Aeranthus by several other authors. 
As in the case of the numbers which have preceded 
this, the same method of treating the genera and species 
have been continued, and we may look upon the work 
as a series of monographs of the principal genera, 
describing all the species that are deserving of culti¬ 
vation from a horticultural standpoint. History and 
cultural details are given under each species, and that 
together with the descriptions themselves must be of 
immense value to cultivators. We are indebted to the 
Messrs. Veitch for the opportunity of illustrating the 
rarely seen Arachnanthe Cathcartii. 
-- 
The Amateurs’ Garden. 
SEASONABLE WORK in the GARDEN. 
Stephanotis floribunda.— Thin out the weaker 
shoots of those plants which have flowered, and tie in 
the remainder, so that their energy may be concentrated 
upon the proper development and maturation of the 
wood. 
Clerodendron fallax.—Upon the treatment given 
now, will depend the quality of the plants in autumn. 
Cuttings struck in spring or old plants of last year, and 
which were headed back, should have the leading 
shoots pinched once or twice, in order to get nice 
bushy plants, otherwise they will soon acquire a leggy 
appearance, producing a panicle of bloom on the 
leading shoots only. 
Palms and Cycads.—Crowding in the stove may 
be relieved by the removal of various Palms and Cycads 
to the greenhouse or conservatory, where they may be 
turned to profitable account by lightening or brightening 
up the arrangements in those structures. Exception 
may be taken to those plants which are just in the act 
of developing their young foliage. Such should be 
retained in the stove until their leaves begin to acquire 
some firmness of texture. 
Heaths.—The winter-flowering kinds may now be 
turned out-of-doors for the summer. Should mildew 
have appeared on the foliage, give a good dusting of 
sulphur,. or syringe them with water in which sulphur 
has been mixed. It would be a decided advantage in 
the absence of a light awning for shading when necessary 
to at least shade the pots with fern litter or something 
of that sort laid amongst them. 
Annuals in Pots.—A sowing may be made at the 
present time of Ten "Weeks Stocks, Scabiosa atropur- 
purea, Rhodanthe Manglesi and Mignonette for late 
flowering. Place the pots containing them in a cold 
frame and shade till the seedlings begin to come up. 
The process will save watering, and act beneficially by 
keeping the soil more uniformly moist. 
Vineries.—With increased sunshine after so much 
dull weather it will be necessary to guard against 
scorching of the leaves and bunches of main and late 
crops, including such as Gros Colmar, Alicante, and Lady 
Howne’s. The latter is especially subject to scorching, 
owing probably to the more cottony state of the leaves 
and bunches retaining the moisture. Leave a chink of 
air on all night, and increase it early in the day, so as to 
avoid a sudden rise of temperature. 
Peaches.—It is a mistake to tie up the branches or 
shoots in bunches in order to expose the fruits to light, 
for the foliage is greatly damaged thereby. A better 
plan is to turn aside the leaves and raise the fruits if 
possible above the wires of the trellis by means of labels 
or short pieces of stakes placed crosswise underneath 
the fruiting branches. Tie down shoots into a hori¬ 
zontal position if they threaten to grow too grossly. 
Pinch back any late shoots which may make their 
appearance where not wanted. 
Raspberries.—When going through the Raspberry 
quarters with the hoe, cut down all suckers that are 
not wanted to replace the fruiting ones next year, 
unless they are wanted to make a fresh plantation. 
This is necessary to allow of the remainder receiving 
their due proportion of light, and the air to circulate 
freely amongst them. 
Morello Cherries.—These above all others are 
peculiarly subject to the attack of black-fly, which 
should be checked on its first appearance by copious 
applications of clean water, forcibly applied through 
the garden engine. In the event of a colony having 
become established on some of the branches, it will be 
necessary to adopt more stringent measures, and syringe 
with soft-soap and water at the rate of four gallons of 
the former to six gallons of the latter; and the 
mixture will be more efficacious if half-a-gallon of 
tobacco water is added. Wash with clean water 
twelve hours afterwards. 
Newly-grafted Trees.-—Attention should now 
be given to trees that were grafted in spring. The now 
rapidly growing shoots require to be loosened, and 
fresh ties made so as to allow of the rapid swelling at 
the point of union. Secure the shoots to stakes to 
prevent their being broken by the wind. 
Celery.—Get the ground ready at once for planting 
out the main batches. Before the plants are removed 
from the frames in which they have been planted out 
for some time, they should be well hardened off by 
exposure night and day, so that the tissues may get 
solidified to prevent their receiving a sudden check 
when planted in the open ground. In districts that 
are affected with the Celery fly, give the plants a 
dusting with dry soot at intervals of a w T eek to prevent 
the insects from laying their eggs upon the leaves. 
Water immediately after planting, and shade with a 
few evergreen twigs for some days to prevent flagging, 
if necessary. 
-—»£«•- 
BROOMFIELD. 
The collection of Orchids formed by — Wells, Esq., at 
his residence, Broomfield, Sale,has only been in existence 
a short time, and I am glad to say that it already gives 
promise of becoming one of the best in the neighbour¬ 
hood. The plants, species, and varieties have been 
selected with great care and judgment, and I was 
really astonished on my visit to find such an exceedingly 
fine collection. The houses being of recent construction, 
are fitted up in the most approved style, with every 
convenience calculated to do justice to the plants. 
Entering the first house, we find a choice collection of 
Odontoglossums, the majority of them in bud or flower: 
noticeable amongst them are a very fine and large form 
of Odontoglossum triumphans, 0. crispum guttatum, 
a fine well-grown plant, with two grand spikes; 0. 
Ruckerianum; a highly coloured form of the beautiful 
0. Andersonianum ; 0. aspersum, with a good seed 
pod, the result of crossing it with 0. crispum ; 0. 
baphicanthum, 0. Halliileucoglossum, and several good 
varieties of 0. crispum, well formed, round flowers, 
admired by every lover of Orchids. 
One grand plant marked 0. crispum giganteum took 
my special attention, being a well-formed flower of 
unusual size, with pure white sepals and petals of 
great beauty. Next to it, contrasting well in colour, 
is a brilliantly-coloured form of 0. polyxanthum, one of 
the best I had the pleasure of seeing. Some fine strong 
plants of 0. Harryanum and 0. grande seem to be 
quite happy, and the few 0. vexillarium in the 
warmer part are pushing their spikes fast; altogether 
the plants do well in this little house, and no doubt 
will go on improving. 
, The next house we enter is chiefly filled with Den- 
drobiums. A charming variety which first claims our 
attention is D. Schneiderianum, a hybrid of 1). 
Findlayanum X E>. heterocarpum (aureum), raised in 
Manchester by one of our most able Orchid growers, 
Mr. "VV. Holmes, now at Pickering Lodge. The 
flowers have the properties of both parents, and are 
deliciously perfumed. Passing along, we notice a 
nice piece of D. nobile Cooksoni: this plant seems to 
have the habit of producing young growths on the 
old stem in a marked degree, owing, perhaps, to the 
stock having all been propagated from a single plant. 
On a shelf near the glass are the pick of the collection— 
viz., D. nobile Sanderianum, D. nobile Hardy’s variety, 
D. nobile seedling (a very distinct form not yet named), 
D. splendidissimum grandiflorum, D. Dominianum, 
D. Leechianum, &c. Suspended from the roof are 
strong plants of D. Wardianum and others making 
promising growths ; also a few plants of Cattleya aurea 
and C. gigas, which seem to thrive well here. 
Cypripediums and a few other East Indian Orchids 
predominate in the next house, and some very fine 
choice varieties will be found here ; suffice it to say 
nowthat the collection includes Cypripedium Morganise, 
C. Arthurianum, C. grande, C. vexillarium, C. Mrs. 
Charles Canharn, C. euryandrum, C. Curtisii, C. 
Lawrenceanum giganteum (a very fine and highly- 
coloured form), C. Leeanum superbum, &c. Nothing 
pleased me more than the nice arrangement of the house, 
the Orchids being interspersed with Ferns and Cal adiums 
—a very good idea, which helps to give the house a 
bright aspect. Mr. Wells seems to be very fond of 
Cypripediums, and has selected only the most pleasing 
varieties. The next house we pass into is devoted to 
the culture of a miscellaneous lot of Ccelogynes, Lselia 
anceps, Cattleyas, &e. I noticed several fine forms of 
Cattleya Mossiae, especially one labelled C. M. delicata, 
with a dozen nearly pure white flowers of great sub¬ 
stance ; also C. M. aurea, with very large well-formed 
flowers and a beautifully-coloured lip. Amongst a 
batch of C. Mendelii one small plant with two flowers 
is very prominent, the lip being very dark, with well- 
fringed, pure white sepals and petals. 
The C. Trianae have done flowering, and are making 
very promising growths. Several forms of Lycaste 
Skinneri, including the white one, were past their best. 
Passing through a small vinery, which, by-the-bve, 
would make a good Dendrobium house, we come to the 
end of the range, and enter a small fernery, where 
we find some good plants of Oncidium macranthum, 
0. superbiens, &c. Looking at the collection of 
Mr. Wells as a whole, so ably managed by his 
gardener, Mr. R. Hinde, I can only repeat again that 
everything looks neat, clean and thriving.— E. E. 
--»=&*•- 
EFFECTS OF FROST ON TREES 
AND SHRUBS. 
In considering the effects of frost on trees and shrubs, 
there are evidently several side issues which must be 
taken into account in the vicinity of London and other 
large, smoky places. For instance, we know that 
Cupressus Lawsoniana and its varieties, Thuya gigantea, 
and others prove perfectly hardy, even in the northern 
counties of Britain, where they are usually subjected 
to a much greater amount of frost than in the south. 
Yet these trees show that they had been considerably 
injured last winter at Gunnersbury Park, Acton. They 
were grown in isolated positions, and fully exposed 
to light and air at all times of the year, and from the 
fact that many of their branches were killed, we may 
conclude that the soot or fog question must be taken 
into account. Thujopsis dolobrata was also considerably 
hurt, but it is usually regarded as more tender than 
those above mentioned. These facts are substantiated 
by a large number of other Conifers, which have been 
more or less injured, and in some cases greatly so, 
including Sequoia gigantea, S. sempervirens, Crypto- 
meria japonica, C. elegans, Abies Pinsapo, A. lasiocarpa, 
Cupressus nutkssnsis (Thujopsis borealis) and others. 
Some of the trees of Abies Pinsapo, about.6 ft. or 8 ft. 
high, and grown on a north-eastern exposure, were 
quite killed, and others so greatly injured that but few 
buds have yet started, so that for practical purposes 
they may be considered as dead, for they are quite 
useless. 
The tall trees of Cedrus Deodara and C. Libani (the 
latter particularly being conspicuous at Gunnersbury 
Park) lost the greater part of their leaves, all the older 
ones being the first to drop. The loss is not so 
apparent now, as the young foliage is making amends 
for it. A small tree of C. atlantica glauca, about 6 ft. 
high, does not appear to have lost a leaf, and we should 
have considered the evidence as applicable to that 
variety only had we not seen several young trees of 
C. Deodara in the pleasure grounds at Chiswick House, 
Chiswick, and which have not apparently suffered in 
the least, while the old trees lost the greater part of 
their foliage as elsewhere. A curious effect is notice¬ 
able at the same place, in a tree of C. Deodara, which 
was planted in 1864 by Garibaldi. It suffered ten 
years ago, with the result that the branches lost their 
beautiful and natural drooping habit; by degrees and 
with artificial assistance the tree regained its proper 
habit. Now the tree has suffered in the same way 
again, and is most injured on the eastern aspect, where 
it is most exposed to hurtful winds. 
A more singular case has happened to numerous 
young Yew trees at Gunnersbury House, and which are 
usually considered as perfectly hardy. They are 
planted alongside of a walk and also through a plan¬ 
tation of deciduous trees, and in either case the most of 
them are dead or killed back to the trunk. The proper 
explanation seems to be that the trees and their foliage 
were rendered tender by improper maturation, owing to 
their being heavily shaded in the summer. The 
deciduous trees were bare in winter, and consequently 
allowed the winds free play, while at the same time the 
Yews were exposed to frost, and suffered accordingly. 
The Box trees have suffered in the same way, although 
they are known to be perfectly hardy under normal 
circumstances. The Aucubas suffered the loss of the 
greater part of their leaves. 
A large number of shrubs in the open, and without 
other shelter than that afforded by the different subjects 
of which the shrubberies and beds are made up, have 
also been more or less severely injured. Daphne 
