730 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
July 18, 1891. 
induce them to start into growth, the soil being 
pressed firmly about the plants ; any long shoots the 
plants make are carefully secured, lest they should 
be broken off by the wind. In March, when the 
plants begin to grow vigorously, a liberal top dress¬ 
ing of well-decayed manure is given, and this greatly 
assists the plants in forming large, handsome, and 
finely-laced blooms. But it is very helpful to perfect 
lacing to shade the flowers from hot sunshine by day. 
Soil for Border Pinks. 
The plants do well in a good yellow loam, especially 
if a little sandy. I should think there is scarcely a 
garden anywhere in which Pinks cannot be grown. 
They do not do well in a light sandy soil, because it 
is too open, and a soil that is firm about the roots is 
better than a loose one. The plants should be put in 
the border in early autumn, and the soil pressed as 
firmly as possible about the roots, so as to hold 
the plants with thorough security during the winter. 
Some top dressing given to the plants in borders is 
very helpful to them. Should the plants become 
too large, they can be lifted and divided into several 
and it will be found the divided pieces have roots. 
Propagation of Pinks. 
Pinks are propagated by means of cuttings or 
pipings, struck during the early part of July. Large 
growers of Pinks, like Mr. Charles Turner, of Slough, 
root their cuttings in a gentle bottom heat, but they 
can be rooted in the open air also. They can be 
put in just beneath the shade of friendly leaves of 
some of the border plants, for it is requisite the 
cuttings be shaded from the sun. Indeed, anyone 
with ordinary care can raise cuttings of Pinks in this 
way.— R. D. 
STRAWBERRIES FOR 
FORCING. 
The forcing of this beautiful fruit is a very important 
branch of fruit culture in many gardening establish¬ 
ments, and where thousands are annually grown for 
this purpose, it will be seen that preparations for 
procuring the stock must not be neglected, but, on the 
contrary, be proceeded with at once. It is a great 
advantage to get rooted plants early, so that plenty 
of time can be allowed them to make an abundance 
of roots, thus laying a foundation that will enable 
them to stand the strain of forcing, as well as, in a 
great measure, ensuring success. 
The runners being ready for layering, no time 
should be lost in getting them done, and for this 
purpose 6o’s is the size of pot usually adopted. 
Put some leaves over the bottom, and fill the pots 
with some mon soil, while to keep the runner in 
its place, a peg or stone will answer the purpose. It 
is a good plan to draw as many as possible to one 
centre, which will be an advantage when watering. 
Pinch the runner beyond the one layered, restricting 
it to one plant, except when deemed advisable to re¬ 
tain more. In three or four weeks time, the plants 
should be nicely rooted, and will then be ready to 
pot into 32’s, a convenient size for forcing. 
As soon as they are ready, pot them, as delay in 
this respect is dangerous. The soil should consist of 
loam, old mushroom bed manure, with some half-inch 
bones, or Thomson's manure will suit them admirably. 
Let the pots be clean, and over the crocks leaves and 
soot should be added. Pot firm, but not necessarily 
hard, afterwards standing them outside in such a 
position as will allow of all available sun-heat 
reaching them. This will tend to the thorough 
ripening of the plants,—a great essential to successful 
results. 
Strict attention must be paid to watering, as, 
growing rapidly, an abundance of water will be 
necessary ; neglect in this respect often entails serious 
consequences, which cannot afterwards be remedied. 
Stimulants can be given with advantage, three or 
four times a week, when the pots are full of roots, 
as the feeding properties contained in the soil will 
soon be exhausted. Beyond this the only attention 
required by them will be cutting off all runners, as 
well as keeping the pots free from weeds, till cold 
weather comes, when they should be plunged in 
ashes in the open ground, or stood in trenches or in 
any cool structure where they will remain till the 
forcing season comes round again. 
There are many varieties to -select from, but the 
following can be relied upon to give satisfaction : 
Vicomtesse Hericart de Thury, La Gross Sucree, 
Laxton’s Noble, for early and general crop, while 
for a late one Sir Joseph Paxton is well adapted.— 
F. R. S. 
LOPPING AND TOPPING 
TREES. 
As many farm leases contain a clause to the effect 
that the tenants may not “ cut, lop, top, or crop ” the 
trees (except pollards) on the farm, it may be useful 
to report the following case, in which the Court of 
Appeal recently decided that to “ lop ” a tree is not 
the same thing as to " top ” one. The case (Unwin 
v. Hanson) arose under the 65th section of the 
Highways Act, 1835 (5 and 6 W. IV. c. 50), under 
which magistrates have power to order trees which 
overhang the highway, or damage it by excluding the 
sun and wind from it, or which obstruct it, to be 
pruned and lopped so as to prevent such damage or 
obstruction. 
The plaintiff was the owner of land adjoining a 
highway, and he brought his action against the 
defendant, who was the Assistant-Surveyor of the 
parish highways, for injuring his trees by improperly 
cutting them. The defendant relied for his defence 
on the above-mentioned section of the Highways Act, 
1835, and on a magistrate’s order made under it, 
which directed him to lop and top the trees in ques¬ 
tion. The plaintiff contended that “ topping ” and 
“lopping ’’ trees were different operations, and that 
though the Act gave power to the magistrates to 
order the trees to be “ lopped,” it gave them no power 
to order them to be “topped.” And so the Court 
decided. 
The Master of the Rolls, in giving judgment, said 
that when Parliament had to deal with matters 
relating to the general public it used words in their 
ordinary and general sense, but when it dealt with 
particular businesses or transactions, and used words 
which had a particular meaning in connection there¬ 
with, the words so used must bear such particular 
meaning. The Highways Act referred to country 
matters, and had to be administered by country 
justices, and it spoke of the “ lopping” of trees. It 
would be mere pedantry for the Court to pretend not 
to know that “ lopping ” was always understood by 
people who had anything to do with trees as mean¬ 
ing the cutting off the lateral branches, and that 
cutting off the head of the tree was called “ topping ” 
it. “ Lopping ” and “ topping ” were entirely differ¬ 
ent, and “ lopping ” did not include “ topping.” The 
defendant therefore, when he “topped” the plain¬ 
tiff's trees, exceeded the power given to him by the 
Act, which only authorised him to “ lop ” them, and 
he must therefore be held liable.—S. B. L. Druce, in 
the Royal Agricultural Society's Journal, 
_ - 
7 ♦ 
THE ROUPELL PARK 
NURSERIES. 
The annual show of Gloxinias held by Messrs. John 
Peed and Sons, at their Roupell Park Nurseries, 
Norwood Road, S.E., was opened on the 8th inst., 
and continued the following day, being a fortnight 
later than was originally intended. A large quantity 
of seedlings are raised annually, and old plants also 
grown on again. The flowering plants are all 
arranged in a long narrow house divided into three 
compartments, and on the front staging. The staging 
along the back is occupied with seedlings now com¬ 
mencing to show their buds. Another house is also 
filled with seedlings in various stages. 
The plants in bloom are grown in 32 and 48 size 
pots, and arranged in a groundwork of Maidenhair 
Fern, than which nothing seems to harmonise so 
well with Gloxinias and show them off to advantage. 
The finest of the varieties are selected for naming 
every year, but a large proportion are merely under 
number. None of the old-fashioned and original 
type with drooping tubular flowers are grown, but all 
are erect and funnel-shaped. There is a judicious 
mixture of the spotted, banded, self and parti-coloured 
or leading types to be found in all good strains. 
One of the first that attracted our attention on 
entering the house was a beautiful sort named 
Loveliest among the Lovely. The ground colour 
was white, and the throat purple, with a rosy-scarlet, 
large rounded blotch occupying the central area of 
each segment. Near by it another named Pre¬ 
eminent was densely spotted and marbled with red 
on a white ground. The rest we noted were 
unnamed seedlings, one of which was delicately 
mottled with rosy-purple on a white ground. 
Another was crimson with a pale rosy margin. In 
another case the flowers opened crimson, fading to 
purple with a clear rosy margin. Many kinds were 
densely spotted with violet on a white ground, 
Another type had white flowers spotted with violet 
in the throat, or had a pale violet blotch in the 
sinus at the base of the segments, while others had a 
pale violet margin. Some crimson sorts fading to 
rosy scarlet at the margin reminded us of what 
occurs in Alpine Auriculas. Mauve coloured sorts 
deepening to violet at the base of the segments w ere 
plentiful. The spotted sorts further showed a great 
variety of colouring, and a number of others might be 
described as a Picotee edged race. 
A long lean-to vinery divided into three compart¬ 
ments is filled with vines in different stages of 
growth. Those in the earliest house consist of 
Black Hamburghs, Buckland’s Sweetwater, and 
Foster’s Seedling, the fruit of which is almost ripe. 
The second compartment is filled with Muscats, 
Trebbiana, Gros ,Maroc, Barbarosa, Gros Colmar, 
Madresfield Court, and Pearson’s Golden Queen, 
most of which are bearing a heavy crop with fine 
bunches. The latest house is entirely occupied with 
Alicante. There is also a collection of young vines 
in pots. 
The large batch of Anthuriums, which has several 
times been exhibited in public this year, was still in 
flower on the occasion of our visit, but the bloom 
was about, to be cut and the plants re-potted. .Most 
consisted of A. Scherzerianum, but A. Andreanum r 
A. Rothschildianum, and A. Ferrierense were also in 
flower. At one end of this house was a large batch 
of Saracenias. Gardenias and Stephanotis floribunda 
afford large quantities of cut bloom. Amongst other 
subjects being grown on for winter work were 
Euphorbias, Eucharis, and a fine batch of Calanthes. 
A double crimson or red variety of Hibiscus Rosa- 
sinensis was very conspicuous, and so was the 
variegated Alocasia macrorrhiza, some of the leaves 
of which were almost wholly white. 
^ + 
ROSES. 
This is the season of Roses ; the air is full of their 
scent ; on cottage walls and in the gardens of the rich 
alike, they are bursting into bloom. Even in London, 
a city inimical to all flowers, Rose shows have begun. 
Everywhere the Rose is re-asserting her supremacy. 
We have lately been told how that great lover of 
Roses, Dean Hole, bought a Rose-bud from a flower- 
girl in Piccadilly and straightway gave up three days' 
appointments in town and rushed away to his 
country home, so impatient was he to be among the 
flowers which the single bloom had conjured up 
before his mind’s eye. The feeling which prompted 
him is easy to understand. Those who have country 
gardens must often experience something of a longing' 
to visit them as they pass the windows of the flower 
shops or the baskets of the street girls; they must 
often wish to break off, if only for a week, the. 
shackles of conventionality and fashion which chain 
them to a smoky, stuffy, dinner giving town ; they 
must realise the truth of those lines by Milton, 
where he tells how 
One who long in populous city pent, 
Where houses thick and sewers annoy the air, 
Forth issuing on a summer’s morn to breathe 
Among the pleasant villages and farms 
Adjoin'd, from each thing met conceives delight, 
The smell of grain, or tedded grass, or kine, 
Or dairy, each rural sight each rural sound ; 
If chance, with nymph-like step, fair virgin pass, 
What pleasing seem’d, for her now pleases more, 
She most, and in her look sums all delight. 
But those who are now in the country among their 
flowers the Rose enchains, not with her thorns, but 
with her beauty. What do they care for London 
and its doings ? They read of fashionable weddings 
and their thoughts turn to the Bride ; they hear of 
society beauties and they have visions of Catherine 
Mermet, of the Marquise de Castellane, of the ever 
charming Mdme. Falcot, and of La Belle Lyonnaise. 
William Allan Richardson is their desirable and 
eligible young man ; Marechal Niel is their only 
general. Even the flame of patriotism burns 
with a dimmer light when La France comes 
forth in her beauty, and the Gloire de Dijon 
and Reine des Francais smile down upon us from 
their walls and trellises. Without pretending to 
say that any one Rose is the best, we may never¬ 
theless look upon La France as a type of the ideal 
Rose of which poets of all ages have sung. It is 
beautiful in form, fragrant in scent, and rosy in. 
