July 25, 1891. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
751 
want of adroitness in the manipulation. But it must 
be plain to every rational observer, that no success 
can result from any mode of operating which leaves 
a cavity under the eye ; and as the binding ligature 
cannot be made to pass over that so as to press it 
down, the part immediately below, in lieu of being 
hollow, ought rather to project, so as even to touch 
the alburnum without strong pressure, and this it 
never can do unless that point of the alburnum 
called the root, with a thin slice of fibre adhering, be 
permitted to remain undisturbed. 
The vital union of parts first is induced by the steady 
pressure which brings two surfaces, moist with 
cambium, together, and expels air from between 
them. A blending of the fluids of each next follows, 
with a progressive development of inspissated or 
thickening matter, and of radiating medullary tissue, 
i.e., spongy pith. The bud swells, enlarges, and, in 
Roses, frequently protrudes leaves before autumn ; 
then the head of the stocks should be cut back to 
within a joint or two, and the shoot, for security, 
should be lightly tied towards it. Many fine plants 
are thus early obtained, but in other cases, perhaps 
with greater safety, the bud remains dormant until 
spring.— R. D. 
THE WOLVERHAMPTON 
HORTICULTURAL FETE. 
The third annual exhibition was held in the Public 
Park, on July 14, 15, and 16, and favoured with fine 
weather there was a very large attendance each day. 
Several large tents were devoted to the exhibition, 
and one of them to large groups alone, each group 
being of circular form and not exceeding 450 square 
feet, and there were seven competitors. Mr. J. 
Cypher, Cheltenham, was first, with a superb group, 
in which Orchids and highly-coloured young Crotons 
were largely used. Second, Col. Pepper, Salisbury 
(gardener, Mr. J. Currey). Third, Mrs. Marigold, 
Birmingham (Mr. W. H. Dyer, gardener). Most of 
the groups were artistically arranged. In the class 
for sixteen stove and greenhouse or foliage plants, not 
less than eight in bloom, Mr. Cypher was first, with 
a grand lot ; Mr. Finch, gardener to Mr. Alderman 
Marriott, an excellent second, and Mr. Dyer a good 
third. For six Ferns, Mr. Sharp, gardener to R. 
Lovatt, Esq., Wolverhampton, was first with a fine 
lot, other good lots being also staged. For Tree 
Ferns and large Palms, Mr. Cypher led, as he did 
also for six very fine stove and greenhouse plants in 
flower. Mr. Cypher’s first prize lot of eight Orchids 
were a grand lot, consisting of a very fine Thunia 
Marsh alii delicata, Cattleya Gigas, Cypripedum 
barbatum, C. Lawrenceanum, Ltelia purpurata, and 
L. purpurata Brysiana, Anguloa Clowesii, and 
Cattleya Gigas Sanderiana. Second, Mr. Finch. 
Third, Mr. C. Raffel, gardener to Hy. Smith, Esq., 
Kingswinford. 
Of Roses there was an admirable display, remind¬ 
ing one of a good National meeting. There were 
six exhibits of seventy-two blooms, six of forty- 
eight blooms, and other classes were well filled. For 
seventy-two blooms, Mr. Frank Cant, Colchester, 
was first ; Mr. B. R. Cant, Colchester, second, and 
Messrs. Paul and Son, third. For forty-eight blooms, 
Mr. B. R. Cant was first; Mr. F. Cant, second ; 
Messrs. Dicksons, Limited, Chester, third; and 
Messrs. Burch, Peterborough, fourth. For thirty-six 
blooms: first, Messrs. Burch ; second, Mr. F. Cant; 
third, Messrs. Perkins and Sons, Coventry ; fourth, 
The Cranston Nursery Company. For twenty-four 
blooms : first, Mr. F. Cant; second, Mr. B. R. Cant; 
third, Messrs. Perkins and Sons. For twelve blooms, 
one variety, dark : first, Mr. B. R. Cant, with Duke 
of Edinburgh ; second, Messrs. Prior and Sons, with 
A. K. Williams ; third, Mr. F. Cant, with Victor 
Hugo. For twelve blooms, one variety, light : first, 
Messrs. Perkins and Son, with Mrs. John Laing; 
second, Mr. B. R. Cant, with Merveille de Lyon; 
third, Rev. F. Burnside, with Marie Van Houtte. 
For twelve Tea Roses: first, the Rev. F. Burnside; 
second, Mr. F. Cant; third, Messrs. Prior and Sons. 
All the above noted were in the open classes. 
Several classes for plants and flowers were open 
to gentlemen gardeners and amateurs only, viz. :_ 
Thirty-six distinct varieties of Roses, for which the 
Rev. A. Foster-Melliar was first. Second, Mr. W. 
Bolton, Wolverhampton. Third, the Rev. H. 
Pemberton. For twenty-four blooms : First, Rev. 
H, Pemberton. Second, Rev. A. Foster-Melliar 
Mrs. John Laing and Her Majesty were very fine 
generally, so also were Heinrich Brunner, and 
Susanne Marie Rodocanachi ; and amongst others 
we noticed T. W. Girdlestone, Gustave l’iganeau, 
Mary Bennett, Comtesse de Ludre, Francisco Reno, 
Lady Helen Stewart, Germain Caillot, and Jeanie 
Dixon, as fine amongst the newer kinds. Many of 
the well-known older kinds were well represented. 
The Gentlemen's Gardeners’ Classes were well 
filled, and there were some good Stove and Green¬ 
house plants. For six in bloom Mr. Finch was 
first, and Mr. Dyer second. J. E. Underhill, Esq., 
obtained easily the first prize for Gloxinias with 
eighteen admirably done plants ; and good pyra¬ 
midal Coleus and fair Caladiums were staged. Only 
one lot of six Fuchsias were set up, but these were 
good plants, and there were a good many specimen 
zonale Pelargoniums. Much interest was centred in 
the groups in this class, and the three winning ones 
were of considerable merit. First, Mr. S. Horton, 
gardener to —. Fowler, Esq. Second, Mr. Dyer. 
Third, Mr. Powell, gardener to G. H. Kenrick, Esq. 
The Amateurs' and Cottagers’ tents were well filled, 
the latter especially, being crowded ; and in the com¬ 
peting classes for prizes given by well-known 
seedsmen, a fine lot of collections were staged. Mr. 
Thomas Wilkins, gardener to Lady Theodore Guest, 
being first in two classes, and Mr. Waite, gardener 
to the Hon. W. E. Talbot, first in the other. In the 
open classes for bouquets, there was only one exhibi¬ 
tor, Messrs. Perkins & Sons, Coventry, but their 
bouquets were very beautiful. 
Not the least interesting portion of the exhibition 
were the honorary exhibits, especially from Holloway 
and Sale. Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son set up a 
large group of interesting new and rare plants, and 
Certificates were awarded to Dracaena Versaillensis, 
Pteris tremula Smithiana, Dicksonia Lathamii, 
Cypripedum Morganae, Begonia Arthur Malet, and 
Dracaena indivisa variegata. Messrs. Birkenhead, 
Sale, Manchester, contributed one of their usual fine 
displays of new and rare Ferns, and the following 
received Certificates, viz :—Gymnogramma Mulleri, 
a very distinct and beautiful Fern with handsome 
spotted foliage ; Pteris Victoriae, Davallia 
Griffithiana, Athyriun F. F. Ivalothrix, A. F. F. 
setigerium cristatum, and A. Frisilliae coronaria. 
Mr. Davis, the Nurseries, Yeovil, contributed cut 
blooms of fine double and single Begonias. Mr. T. 
Smith, Newry, sent over from Ireland a fine display 
of cut Herbaceous blooms. Messrs. Clibran & Sons, 
Altringham, had choice Ferns and cut Herbaceous 
blooms; Messrs. Hewitt & Co., cut Herbaceous 
blooms; Messrs. Webb & Sons, Wordsley, a collec¬ 
tion of Vegetables; Mr. Campbell, Blantyre, Pansies; 
Mr. Henry Pattison,_Shewsbury, Pansies and Violas ; 
and Mr. Farr, The Gardens, Patshull, three fine 
Queen Pines, good Tomatos, and excellent Mush¬ 
rooms, &c. 
The Exhibition all round was an admirable one, 
much larger than either of the two preceding ones, and 
Messrs. Green, Sen. and Junr., the active promoters, 
and the Committee are doing good work in promoting 
Horticulture in the district. A word of sincere praise 
is due also to Mr. Thomas, the superintendent of the 
Park, for its admirable order and condition, and 
bright and charming bedding out and border decora¬ 
tion. The Wolverhampton Park takes a very .high 
position amongst Public parks in the provinces. 
THE CHERRY CROP. 
Your correspondent, “ T. W.,” in last week's 
Gardening World, points out with truth the 
ravages committed by birds on our Cherry crops. 
In private gardens crops of such fine varieties for 
dessert as Black Tartarian, Bigarreau Napoleon, &c., 
could be grown on the Cordon system, or close 
upright training, against wire trellises, or of wood, 
and of any height, so that air is freely admitted on 
both sides, and when ripening could be easily 
protected by netting, allowing room to pass under¬ 
neath for gathering. Netting is very cheap, and 
rails to support it easily erected. This idea has 
occurred to me through seeing the satisfactory 
results of growing Gooseberries on the Cordon 
system, along a border in the gardens of Stoneleigh 
Abbey. The wire trellis is about 5 feet high, and 
the trees about 1 foot apart on a single stem, and the 
trellis is filled to the top and has borne again this 
year a heavy crop of fruit. The caterpillar is kept in 
check by repeated syringings of clear lime water, 
and the trees are In admirable health. Where 
protection of ripening fruit is necessary, how easily 
jt can be done is obvious .—D 
Gardening Miscellany. 
SPIR/EA ARUNCUS WITH PERFECT FLOWERS. 
The species of Spiraea have usually perfect flowers, 
with the exception of S. Aruncus, S. astilboides, and 
S. laevigata. The second is usually regarded by 
botanists as a variety of the first. It is now pretty 
generally known amongst gardeners that the plants 
of S. Aruncus, or Goat’s Beard, are male and female. 
The male plant is the more ornamental of the two, 
inasmuch as the panicle is shorter, more compact, 
and maintains its plumy, white appearance for a 
longer period. The panicle of the female plant is 
more lax, and certainly more graceful when the 
flowers first expand, but it soon loses in beauty when 
the ovaries swell up and become green. A large 
panicle of bloom of the female, and another of what 
should have been the male plant have reached us 
from a reader. The former was typical with 
flowers showing the ovaries perfect, but the stamens 
very small and almost hidden at their bases. The 
other panicle was polygamous, for some of the 
branches bore male flowers only with the ovaries 
reduced to a mere rudiment. A large proportion of 
the flowers on the same panicle had perfect ovaries 
and stamens, both sets being of the same length. 
The young ovaries soon attain full size becoming 
green. There were therefore hermaphrodite and 
male flowers on the same inflorescence, which in this 
species may be looked upon as a reversion to an 
ancestral condition. The same thing happens but 
rarely in a very few other species. It would be 
interesting to know whether the plant always behaves 
in this way. 
THE GUELDER ROSE-LEAVED NEILLIA. 
A very old inhabitant of the British gardens is 
Neillia opulifolia, better known perhaps under the 
name of Spiraea opulifolia given to it by Linnaeus. 
The heart-shaped, or roundish, and the three lobed 
leaves somewhat resemble those of the Guelder 
Rose, hence the popular name. The shrub varies 
from 3 feet to 5 feet in height, and flowers during the 
month of June. The white flowers are borne in 
corymbs terminating the shoots, and resemble those 
of a Spiraea, but are larger, and make their appear¬ 
ance considerably in advance of most of the species 
of that genus. The fruit then develops, and by the 
end of June or early in July becomes of a deep 
shining red, being then more conspicuous and 
ornamental than the flowers. There is a golden¬ 
leaved variety named N. o. aurea, which retains this 
hue throughout the greater part of the season, and 
is useful for mixing with dark green-leaved subjects 
of a deciduous nature. The variety afforded by the 
white flowers and red fruit of the one, and the 
golden leaves of the other, should be a good recom¬ 
mendation for them in the eyes of the planter. 
THE DOUBLE FEVERFEW. 
It is perhaps not strictly true to speak of this plan 
as if there was only one double form, for there are 
really several, grown under distinct names. There is 
a double variety of the yellow-leaved variety known 
as Golden Gem ; but although it produced double 
white flowers in abundance above its golden-yellow 
leaves, yet it does not seem to find favour with a 
large percentage of the gardeners in this country. 
Then there is a double quilled form, and a third with 
flat or strap-shaped florets. The latter has purer 
white flowers than any produced in great abundance, 
and has on that account got into the favour of market 
growers, some of whom cultivate it largely, as is 
testified by the quantity of cut bloom which reaches 
the market. The wild type Chrysanthemum Par- 
thenium is a native of Central and South Europe, 
and has been introduced by the agency of man to all 
other countries where it now appears in a wild or 
semi-wild state including Britain. It must have been 
introduced to this country at a remote period, for we 
find that it grew spontaneously by old walls and ' 
similar places over 300 years ago, just as it does to¬ 
day. It was much cultivated in old-fashioned gardens 
thirty to fifty years ago, for the sake of its medicinal 
properties by those who were in the habit of making 
the most of the medicine they required. It is tonic 
and bitter, and was no doubt used as a febrifuge (now 
corrupted to Feverfew) by our ancestors. To its 
long cultivation in gardens we no doubt owe its 
present variability,— S. 
