August 1, 1801. 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
769 
ORCHID NOTES AND GLEANINGS. ' 
Cattleya Hardyana Hamar Bass’ vat 1 . 
The distinctive feature of this Cattleya is the dark 
colour of the sepals and petals. The latter are elliptic, 
wavy, and of a deep reddish-purple as are the sepals. 
The bifid lamina of the lip is of an intense, velvety 
crimson-purple. On each side of the throat is a large 
orange blotch, and the interior of the tube is lined 
with orange and crimson. The column is of a uniform 
rosy-purple, all over the back at least. All parts of 
the flower are therefore darker than in the original 
C. Hardyana, which was supposed to be a natural 
hybrid between C. Dowiana aurea and C. Warsce- 
wiczii. A First-class Certificate was awarded the 
variety when exhibited at the meeting of the Royal 
Horticultural Society on the 21st ult. by Mr. Hamilton, 
gardener to Hamar Bass, Esq., Byrkley, Burton-on- 
Trent. 
Cochlioda Noezliana. 
This pretty species is similar in habit to C. rosea, 
better known under the name of Mesospinidium 
roseum. The sepals are narrowly elliptic, and the 
petals broadly elliptic, and all are bright scarlet. The 
three-lobed lip is more intensely coloured with a 
yellow blotch at the base where it comes in contact 
with the column ; the lateral lobes are rounded, and 
the wedge-shaped middle lobe emarginate. A 
Botanical Certificate was awarded it when shown at 
the same time and place as the above by Messrs. B. 
S. Williams & Son, Upper Holloway. 
Stanhopea saccata. 
The specific name of this Stanhopea refers to the 
unusually saccate or pouched condition of the lip as 
compared with the others, which have a short 
rounded sac or cavity at the base. That under 
notice is more prolonged, unsymmetrical, and deep 
yellow. The middle portion of the lip bears two 
Unusually broad flat horns, and the terminal portion 
is broad, short, and flat. The sepals are of the 
usual shape so common to this genus, much reflexed 
over the ovary, and pale yellow, or sometimes 
greenish-yellow, speckled with brownish-purple and 
deep yellow at the base. The petals are similarly 
coloured, but oblong and narrow. The lip therefore 
offers the strongest feature for recognition. Warm 
treatment is necessary, as the species comes from 
Guatemala, from whence it was introduced in 1836. 
It is by no means common in cultivation, but like 
the rest makes its appearance now and again in the 
Orchid houses of this country. A specimen flowered 
recently in the Orchid house at Kew. 
Stanhopea oculata. 
Amongst the summer-flowering species of Stan¬ 
hopea that under notice takes a prominent place on 
account of the beauty of its flowers. The odour 
emanating from it is rather powerful but by no 
means disagreeable at a short distance. The flowers 
are of good average size, and showy on account of 
the beautiful purple spotting of the sepals and petals. 
The two lateral sepals are much broader than the 
upper one, and all are concave and of a pale lemon, 
closely spotted with irregular star-like markings. 
The petals are remarkably small with fewer markings. 
The base of the lip is drawn out into a claw-like 
portion, and on the sides of the inflated portion or 
pouch are two, sometimes four, large black blotches, 
which show themselves on both surfaces, resembling 
eyes, hence the specific name. The rest of the lip, 
including the curved horns, is white, finely dotted with 
purple. It is a native of Mexico, and flowers freely 
under cultivation during the summer and autumn 
months. 
Dendrobium phalaenopsis Statterianum. 
Mr. J. Prewett, Swiss Nursery, Hammersmith, the 
importer of this lovely Orchid, which has lately been 
certificated by the Royal Horticultural Society and the 
Royal Botanic Society, grows it remarkably well in a 
span-roofed house. The plants are grown in baskets 
in a mixture of fibrous peat and sphagnum, and sus¬ 
pended from the roof. A moist and warm atmosphere 
is maintained, advantage being taken of the sunheat 
by closing the house early in the afternoon and allow¬ 
ing the thermometer to run up from 100° to no°. 
In the evening he puts on a little top air, which is 
allowed to remain during the night. This night 
air seems as beneficial to the well-being of Orchids 
as it is to the ripening of fruit.— A . IV. 
FRUIT-GROWING IN 
COLORADO. 
Horticulture in Colorado forms the subject of a 
chapter in the recently issued report of the Denver 
Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Thomas Tonge (for¬ 
merly of Manchester) also gives ^much interesting 
information on fruit-growing in the same State. 
Colorado, says Mr. Tonge, contains 66,000,000 acres, 
divided into unequal halves by the Rocky mountains, 
which run through the State from north to south, 
the eastern slope comprising 10,000,000 acres of 
mountain land and 30,000,000 acres of valley and 
mesa (or table) land, and the western slope compris¬ 
ing 16,000,000 acres of mountain land and 9,000,000 
acres of valley and mesa land. This valley and 
mesa land on both slopes, aggregating 39,000,000 
acres, is arable land of wonderful fertility, but is 
practically dependent for agricultural and horti¬ 
cultural purposes on artificial irrigation, and until 
some extensive system of storage reservoirs has been 
constructed, the waters of the streams issuing from 
the mountains in summer are only sufficient to 
irrigate a limited number of these 39,000,000 acres of 
valley and mesa land, especially on the eastern 
slope. Fruit culture, therefore, is at present limited 
to the vicinity of the foot-hills or of the rivers where 
irrigation is possible, leaving very large tracts of 
intervening territory only adapted to pastoral uses. 
Thirty years ago Denver, now a city of over 
150,000 inhabitants and a great railroad centre, was 
more than 6oq miles from the nearest railroad point, 
the intervening country being occupied by Indians. 
Apples were brought by waggon from Missouri, and 
the only canned fruits obtainable were Baltimore 
Peaches, in three pound cans. 
In 1863 William Lee (brother of Henry Lee, the 
well known seedsman of Denver) hauled a quantity 
of Apple trees over 600 miles by mule team from Iowa 
city, Iowa, and planted the same on his ranch on 
Clear creek, nine miles from Denver and five miles 
from Golden. He first planted them in the bottoms 
near the creek, and a freshet came and washed them 
out down the stream along with much driftwood 
from the mountains. Search was made for them, the 
greater part of them found and subsequently planted 
on the hill, where they are now growing, the oldest 
orchard in the State. 
Since that time, however, notwithstanding the 
temporary discouragements and discomfitures ex¬ 
perienced by the pioneer orchard planters, in their early 
endeavours to ascertain the varieties most suitable 
to the climate and altitude, and the best methods of 
cultivation, enormous strides have been made in 
stocking the more suitable parts of the State with 
fruit trees. With reference to the kinds grown, Mr. 
Tonge remarks that Apples can be and are 
successfully grown over the entire State below the 
altitude of 6,000 feet, both on the eastern and 
western slopes; in fact, 250 varieties of Apples have 
been successfully fruited, and at the recent State 
fairs held at Pueblo and Montrose no fewer than 
2,500 plates of Colorado Apples, comprising all the 
leading and well-known varieties, were exhibited. 
The Pear is also successfully grown wherever the 
Apple flourishes, but requires a greater age to bear 
fruit. Senator McCandless at Florence, in Fremont 
county, has some of the oldest and finest Pear trees 
in the State, which are worth a pilgrimage to see 
when laden with fruit. Plums are not quite so 
ubiquitous in Colorado as Apples and Pears. On the 
eastern slope the cultivated wild Plums do the best, 
such as the Wild Goose, Limber Jim, Big Ute, etc. 
In the more sheltered location of Canon City, and 
especially on the western slope of Montrose, Delta 
and Mesa counties, no fewer than twenty-one 
varieties of Plum yield abundantly, some of them of 
foreign origin, such as the German Prune, Green 
Gage, Yellow Egg, etc. 
Cherries are not adapted to Northern Colorado or 
the eastern slope on account of their blooming early, 
and therefore liable to have the entire crop destroyed 
by late frosts. At Canon City, and especially on the 
western slope, Cherries of many varieties are a profit¬ 
able crop, though not extensively grown as yet. 
About fifty varieties of Peaches are successfully 
grown on the western slope in Montrose, Delta and 
Mesa counties, in heaviness of crop and quality of 
fruit equal to any state in the Union, and Colorado 
will soon rival Delaware, New Jersey, Missouri, 
Michigan or California in the growth of the Peach. 
Apricots, Nectarines and Quinces do equally well 
with Peaches in the same localities. 
As to Grapes, the hardier varieties can be grown 
on the eastern slope, requiring protection in winter, 
but at Canon City, Mr. B. F. Rockafellow has a 
vineyard of twenty acres ; in Delta county, the Hon. 
Samuel Wade has one of ten acres ; and near Grand 
Junction in Mesa county there are several ranging 
from five to ten acres each, one of them belonging 
to a Frenchman, and comprising a greater number of 
varieties than any other in the State. At Canon 
City, and especially on the western slope, the 
tenderer varieties of Grape do well. 
But Colorado is declared as yet to be only in its 
infancy as a fruit-growing state. The spring of 1890 
saw more fruit trees planted than all the previous 
years since 1863, and this spring will see an equal 
number. Further, this fruit-tree planting was not 
limited to any one or two districts, but was general, 
and the same remark will apply to the current season, 
for wherever it has been demonstrated that orchards 
will do well there the area of orchards is begin 
rapidly increased, and there are to-day hundreds of 
thousands of flourishing young trees which have not 
yet borne fruit, but which will, as the years go on, 
annually augment the fruit crop of the State. 
SOCIETIES. 
Aoton Horticultural, July 22,—The annual exhi¬ 
bition of this Society was held in Acton Park on the 
above date, and turned out a great improvement 
upon the shows of former years. Prizes were offered 
for competition in open classes, also in classes for 
gardeners, amateurs, and cottagers, besides some 
special prizes. There were five entries for a group 
of stove and greenhouse plants, and they proved 
quite a feature of the exhibition. Mr. T. Butcher, 
gardener to T. Toynbee, Esq., East Acton, was the 
most successful competitor, having a fine arrange^ 
ment of Palms, Crotons, Eulalia japonica variegata, 
Gloxinias, Maidenhair Fern, etc. Mr. J. Fraser, 
gardener to Major Wilkinson, Edendale, Acton, 
came in second, with a nice group; and Mr. G. 
Benham, gardener to R. O. Davies, Esq., Grass- 
garth, was third. The latter had some hardy plants 
in his group, including fine pieces of Campanula 
isophylla alba. Mr. Butcher also took the first 
prizes for Begonias, a specimen plant in bloom (a 
finely - flowered standard of Datura Knightii), a 
specimen foliage plant, two Fuchsias, four stove or 
greenhouse plants, and four Caladiums. Mr. J. 
Fraser took first honours for four Fuchsias, six 
Fuchsias, and cut flowers, and was second for four 
stove and greenhouse plants. Mr. Benham was also 
successful, taking the first awards for two stove and 
greenhouse plants, six Balsams, six Petunias, six 
Cockscombs, and a collection of cut Roses. Mr. W. 
Wilks, gardener to J. Bishop, Esq., Rose Bank, had 
the best twelve Roses, also the best foliage Begonias. 
Mr. S. Beech, gardener to T. C. Cowper Essex, Esq., 
Oldfields, was first for two specimen foliage plants ; 
and Mr. W. Polley, gardener to A. Hubbard, Esq., 
J.P., Derwentwater House, had the best Gloxinias. 
Fruit was fairly well represented, particularly the 
hardy kinds. Mr. S. Beech took the first awards for 
two bunches of black Grapes and a collection of 
fruit. Mr. Fraser was likewise successful for a bunch 
of black and also a bunch of white Grapes. Mr. W. 
Simmonds, gardener to R. A. Scott, Esq., The Elms, 
had the best four dishes of fruit. In the open class 
for vegetables the latter took the leading award. 
Mr. S. Beech had the best collection of nine kinds of 
vegetables in the gardeners’ classes, and Mr. G. 
Benham had the best six kinds. Mr. W. Wilks took 
the first prize for a brace of Cucumbers, which were 
particularly fine, and also the first prize offered by 
Messrs. J. Carter & Co., High Holborn, for a col¬ 
lection of vegetables. Messrs. Sutton & Son, 
Reading, offered prizes for a collection of vegetables. 
Here Mr. S. Beech was first; Mr. C. Roberts, 
Milton Road, was second ; and Mr. F. Foster, gar¬ 
dener to Capt. Rose, The Oaks, came in third. 
Flowers, fruit, and vegetables were well shown by 
the amateurs and cottagers. In the miscellaneous 
class, a fine group was shown by Mr. G. Reynolds, 
gardener to the Messrs, de Rothschild, Gunnersbury 
Park. Cut flowers were shown by Mr. G. Wythes, 
gardener to the Duke of Northumberland, Syon 
House. Messrs. Chas. Lee & Son, Hammersmith, 
showed a beautiful collection of Roses. 
