802 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
August 15, I89i. 
Banskian Medal for a fine exhibit of Peaches and 
Nectarines. Seedling Melons, a new Grape, and some 
new varieties of Peas were also staged, but none were 
of special merit. 
NOTICE TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
%* Special attention is paid in the columns of The 
Gardening World to the answering of questions on 
all subjects connected with practical horticulture, 
and the naming of Plants (other than Florists’ 
Flowers) and Fruits, in which department the 
Editor is assisted by practical gardeners and 
specialists of great experience. 
The name and address of every writer is requested, 
not necessarily for publication, if that is not desired, 
but as a guarantee of the writer's bond fides. No 
notice whatever will be taken of anonymous letters, 
other than those merely asking questions. 
It is particularly requested that correspondents 
will favour us with their communications as soon 
after Thursday in each week as possible, and that 
they address.them only to "The Editor." 
Correspondents are specially requested to write 
only on one side of the paper; and to write their 
questions in as few words as possible consistent with 
clearness. 
QUG$TI0n$ ADD An$UJ6R$ 
Mignonnette. — J. I. B. : Any good strain of 
Dwarf White, such as Miles' spiral is sown about 
this time for flowering in winter, and again in Sep¬ 
tember for blooming in spring. The usual rule is to 
sow a few seeds in 48-pots filled with a compost of 
good loam, old Mushroom bed manure, and sand 
pressed in firm. After sowing, the pots are placed 
in a close frame until the seeds germinate, when air 
should be given in increasing quantity, until the 
lights can be removed altogether. When the seed¬ 
lings are large enough they are thinned out to five 
of the strongest and best placed in a pot. On the 
approach of frost, if there is no heat on the frame, 
the plants are removed to shelves in a green-house 
close up to the glass, and given as much air as possi¬ 
ble, with liquid manure as the spikes begin to 
form. 
Vines .—Frankcnthal: It is simply a case of weak¬ 
ness, the roots -not being fully established in the 
soil. 
Names of Plants.— Jas. Burkham. : 1, 'Adiantum 
Curvatum. 2, Nepis cordifolia. The Stanhopea is 
S. Wardii. Leaf: The Ginkgo, or Maiden-hair Tree, 
Salisburia adiantifolia. 
Tomato Flowers.— Z. : The flowers are herma¬ 
phrodite—that is to say, the male and^female organs 
exist in the same flower. If you dissect a bloom you 
will see this for yourself. Always set the earliest 
blooms if you can with the aid of a small camel's 
hair brush. 
Gardeners’ Dictionary. — J. Studley : Johnson’s 
Gardeners' Dictionary will perhaps suit you. It is 
published by G. Bell & Sons, York Street, Covent 
Garden ; price, with supplement, 75. 6 d . 
Cucumbers Eaten.— Some of my Cucumbers in 
a frame have been eaten in a most mysterious way. 
It cannot have been done by rats, as there are no 
signs of any about the place. Can you suggest any 
other likely depredator?— W. 0 . [Some cats will 
eat Cucumbers with the utmost relish. If you keep 
any, try them with some cut slices.] 
Rhubarb.— Curious : Rhubarb is certainly a vege¬ 
table and not a fruit, either in- a botanical or 
gardening sense. 
Pinks.-— Plumarius : Pinks can certainly be layered 
like Carnations, and make fine strong plants for 
planting out, but you must not layer them too soon. 
Pipings should be rooted now, but layering should 
be put off for another week or two. 
Reading of Schedule. — Young Exhibitor: Com¬ 
pilers of schedules do not always make clear what 
they mean, and thus give a good deal of trouble to 
both exhibitors and judges. Where there is any 
difficulty in interpreting the terms of a schedule, you 
should take local custom into consideration, and be 
guided by what is obviously meant, rather than by 
w T hat is actually said. In many schedules the word 
“varieties” is used when it is obvious that "species" 
or "kinds” is intended, and it would be unwise to 
follow the reading literally. Thus, if the schedule 
you complain of says “six distinct varieties of fruit,” 
it clearly means six distinct kinds, and if you want 
to figure in the prize list you must not stage six 
varieties of, say, Apples or Pears. 
Worms in Cutting Bed.— H. IV. R. : The safest 
thing you can do is to water the bed with lime 
water. Put a few lumps of quick-lime in a pail of 
water, and when the sediment has subsided, pour 
off the clear liquid into a watering-can, and dilute 
with clear water before using. When you make a 
cutting bed again, put a good layer of coal-ashes 
underneath, which will check the progress of the 
worms upwards. 
Seedling Fuchsias. — A. M.: There are so many 
in the same way that it is not worth naming and 
sending out unless there is something special about 
its habit to recommend it. On that point you say 
nothing. 
Hollyhock.— Q.: A very promising flower ; rich, 
deep rose, with large full centre, and stout guard 
petals. There are none too many good varieties just 
now, and we should advise you to grow it on. 
Corn Salad.-— Foreman : Lamb’s Lettuce, Valeria- 
nella olitoria, is an annual much more .grown in 
France for salading, as a substitute for Lettuce in 
winter, than in this country. Small sowings should 
be made at intervals from the present time to the 
end of October, on a warm border of light, rich soil. 
Sow broadcast and lightly rake the seeds in, and 
give plenty of water during the dry weather. Be 
prepared with long litter to protect the beds during 
severe frost. 
Figs. — J. S. R. : The young plants would be 
much better outside now that they have completed 
their growth. Stand them on a bed of ashes, fully 
exposed to the sun, but be careful not to neglect 
them in the matter of watering, and only reduce 
supplies as the foliage ripens off. 
Herbaceous Plants. — Exhibitor : You were 
righly disqualified. Border Carnations are not 
herbaceous plants. 
Kola Nut. — Jas. Cocker: The popular name 
given to one or more of the species of Sterculia, 
natives of the tropics of both hemispheres, and re¬ 
quiring stove treatment in this country. It is raised 
from seeds, but is only grown generally here in 
Botanic gardens as an economic plant. Yours is 
probably S. acuminata. 
Pears Diseased and Attacked by Insects.— 
Beurre Diet: The leaves are badly attacked by the 
Pear tree Slug, Eriocampa limacina, and the best 
remedy is to dust the trees with quick lime when 
damp with dew, or to syringe them in the morning 
or evening with lime water. Failing either of these 
you might try one of the insecticides of which 
Paraffin forms a component part. W.A.B.: In 
your case the leaves are attacked by an Acarus, 
Phytoptus Pyri, which burrows into the interior of 
the leaf, and is more difficult to deal with, but syring¬ 
ing with some strong insecticide would provide the 
best remedy. The fruits, which we do not recognise 
in their present state, are attacked by the disease 
known as Black Spot, the work of a Fungus, Fusi- 
cladium pyrinum, and you should pull them all off 
and burn them at once, to prevent the spread of the 
fungus. If you will send a typical fruit when ripe, 
we will endeavour to name it. 
Old Tree Dying.— Mountain Ash: We have 
examined the specimens sent, and noted some insects, 
or rather their near allies, but they are merely 
sheltering or finding lodgement there and are not 
the cause of the dying state of the tree, nor will they 
attack the neighbouring trees. The oldest trees of 
the Mountain Ash in Scotland, generally begin to 
show signs of decay after they are about 100 years 
old, so that we think your tree is dying of old age. 
The thick bark has been decaying for some time, so 
that the roots of other plants, or roots sent out from 
the old trunk itself find encouragement to grow under 
the same amongst the decaying matter. Rain also 
collects there and increases the evil. It generally 
happens, that trees commenced to decay in the 
manner we speak of, get broken down by the wind. 
We have seen several fine old trees both of the 
Mountain Ash and other allied kinds get destroyed in 
that way. Syringe the trunk with lime water to kill 
the Moss; but that will not renovate the tree. 
Communications Received. —W. B.—W. D.— 
W. P. R.—A. Mack.—M. M.—R. D.—E. S. D.— 
W. P.—C. L.—E. O. G.—D. P. L.—L. C. —A.J.B. 
—M. M.—G. B.—G. J. I. 
I t -» r 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
Van Meerbeek & Co., Hillegom, near Haarlem, 
Holland.—Dutch Bulbs. 
Dickson's &Co., 1, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh.— 
Dutch and other Flower Roots. 
Dickson, Brown & Tait, 43,45 Corporation Street, 
Manchester.—Dutch and other Bulbs, Roses, Fruit 
trees, &c. 
Levenshulme Horticultural Co., Levenshulme, 
Manchester.—Spring Flowering Roots for Autumn 
planting. 
W. B. Hartland, 24, Patrick Street, Cork.— 
Choice Daffodils and General Bulb List. 
LONDON SEED TRADE, 
August 10 tit. 
Messrs, Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, and 39, 
Seed Market, Mark Lane, report that the seed trade 
shows very little animation at present Mustard is 
the only article in demand, and this moves freely at 
hardening values. Trifolium is too high in price to 
meet the views of buyers, and unless a reduction in 
value takes place, very little will be used, New 
Winter Tares will come late on the Market, conse¬ 
quently good Yearlings hold their value. No change 
in Bird Seeds. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
August 12th. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices 
s. d s. d. | 
Apples... per^-sieve 
Cherries. ^-sieve 4 6 10 o 
Currant, blk.,f-sieve 76 80 
—red. .J-sieve 43 50 
Grapes.per lb. 1 6 30 
Kent Cobs ...ioolb. 
Nova Scotia Apples 
Vegetables.—Average Retail Prices. 
s. d. s. a , 
Pine apples, Eng., lb. 
—St. Michaels, each 26 50 
Peaches . perdoz. 10 60 
Strawberries. lb. 03 o 9 
Tasmania Apples, 
per case 10 0 14 0 
5. d. s. d. 
ArtichokesGlobedoz. 30 60 
Asparagus.per ico 
Beans, French, perlb. 0 4 
Beet.per dozen 2 0 
Cabbages ... perdoz. 1 6 
Carrots ... per bunch o 6 
Cauliflowers,English, 
per doz. 3 0 
Celery.per bundle 2 6 
Cucumbers .each 06 09 
Endive, French, doz. 2 6 30 
0 6 
3 0 
2 6 
6 0 
s. d, s. d, 
Herbs .per bunch 02 06 
Horse Radish, bundle 20 40 
Lettuces ...per dozen 10 16 
Mushrooms, p. basket 13 20 
Onions.per bunch 04 06 
Parsley ... per bunch o 6 
Radishes... per dozen 1 6 
Smallsaladlng,punnet o 4 
Spinach, per strike ... 3 6 
Tomatoes. perlb. 06 10 
Turnips.per bun. o 6 
Potatos.— Kent Regents, 80s. to 100s. per ton; Kent Kidneys, 
80s. to 100s. per ton ; Champions, 70s. per ton. 
Plants in Pots—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s . d. s. d. 
Aralla Sieboldl ...doz. 6 o 12 o 
Bouvardias...per doz. 8 o 12 o 
Calceolaria...per doz. 40 60 
Coleus.per doz. 30 60 
Cyperus .per doz. 40120 
Dracaena term., doz. 30 o 60 o 
Draceenaviridis.doz. 9 o 24 0 
Evergreens,invar.doz 6 o 24 o 
Ferns, invar.,per doz. 40180 
Foliage Plants, doz. 12 o 60 o 
Heliotrope, per doz. 40 60 
s> d, s. d, 
Hydrangea, per doz. 9 o 24 0 
—Paniculata,perdoz. 18 0 24 0 
Liliums,various, doz. 12 o 30 0 
Lobelia......perdozen 30 50 
Marguerites, per doz. 6 0 12 o 
Mignonette, per doz. 40 60 
Palmsin variety, each 2 6 21 o 
Pelargoniums ... doz. 6 0 12 o 
—scarlet.per doz. 20 40 
Rhodanthea, perdoz. 40 60 
Spirasa perdoz. 6 o 12 o 
Tropseolum, per doz. 40 60 
Cut Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. d. s. d. | s. d. s. d. 
Mignonette... 12 bun. 16 30 
Myosotis..doz. bchs. 20 40 
Pansies, doz. bunches 10 20 
Pelargoniums, 12 sps. 06 09 
— scarlet... 12sprays 03 06 
Pink,various,perdoz. 20 40 
Poppies, various, doz. 16 40 
Primula, double, bun. 06 10 
Pyrethrum, doz. bchs. 2 o 
Roses, yellow, dozen 2 o 
— mixed... doz. bchs. 1 6 
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 20 50 
Asters, doz. bunches 30 60 
,, French ,, „ 9 0 12 o 
Bouvardias, per bun. 06 10 
Carnations, 12 blooms 1 o 
— per dozen bunches 4 0 
Dahlia, doz. bunches 4 0 
Eschscholtzia, i2bhs. 2 o 
Eucharis ...per doz. 2 o 
Freesias.doz. bun. 3 o 
Gardenias 12 blooms 1 6 
Gaillardia, doz. bun. 2 o 
Heliotropes,12 sprays 0 3 
Lavender, doz. bun. 6 o 
Lapageria, 12 blooms 2 o 
Lilium Harrisii, 
doz. blooms 30 40 
— various, doz. blms. 10 20 
MaidenhairFern,i2bs.4 090 
Marguerites, 12 bun. 40 60 
2 0 
6 o 
6 0 
4 o 
4 o 
4 o 
4 0 
4 o 
o 6 
8 o 
4 o 
4 o 
4 o 
4 o 
— M°ss .perdoz. 8 0 12 o 
6 o 
1 o 
3 o 
3 o 
3 o 
4 o 
o 6 
Red.doz. bchs. 2 
— Saffrano...per doz. o 9 
— Tea.. per dozen 1 o 
Stephanotis, dz. spys. 1 6 
Sweet Sultan,doz. bh. 2 o 
Sweet Peas, doz. bhs. 2 o 
Tuberoses, per doz. 03 
O OILT T IE nsr T s. 
PAGE 
Amateurs’Garden, the .798 
Asperula orientalis.800 
Bedding in Hyde Park.799 
Birmingham Carnation 
Show .796 
Burchellia Capensis .801 
Butter Beans.791 
Carnations, Border.798 
Carnation layering.799 
Culloden .795 
Cyclamen culture .795 
Dahlia Zimapani.800 
Dendrobium longicomu... 801 
Dendrobium MacCarthiae 801 
Floriculture .796 
Francoa ramosa.801 
Fruit Culture, notes on ...794 
Fruit trees, Nursery .791 
Gladiolus Nancieanus .796 
Herbaceous Border, the ...794 
PAGE 
Humea elegans.799 
Ireland, notes from.793 
Larkspur, the Zalil.798 
I-celia grandis tenebrosa ...Soi 
Lettuce, New York.733 
Lilium auratum virginalis 797 
Mormodes Rolfianum .801 
Mushroom growing .793 
Orchid notes.801 
Paper Mulberry, the .800 
Peach culture .797 
Peas, Sweet .800 
Plant collections, private...791 
Potato, a proliferous.795 
Science Gleanings .795 
Societies.g 0 i 
Succulents, a bed of .793 
Vegetable Garden, the.799 
Weed, a determined .795 
INDEX TO ADYERTISEMENTS. 
Auction Sale. page 
Protheroe & Morris ..790 
Bulbs. 
Barr & Son .789 
W. B. Hartland.789 
Levenshulme Horticul¬ 
tural Co.789 
Ant. Roozen & Son.7S9 
R. Silberrad & Son.789 
R. Sydenham .789 
B. S. Williams & Son ...789 
Climbers. 
R. Smith & Co.791 
Ferns. 
W. & J. Birkenhead .791 
J. Smith.789 
R. Smith & Co.791 
Florists' Flowers. 
J. Dobbie & Co.789 
E. S. Dodwell .791 
H. J. Jones.790 
J. Laing & Sons .789 
J. Peed & Sons.789 
J. Stevens ....791 
Fruit and Rose Trees. 
J. Le Cornu & Son.790 
Garden Sundries, &c. 
Acme Chemical Compy...803 
Boundary Chemical Co....789 
Fisher & Sharpe.790 
H. J. Gasson.789 
Horticultural & Agricul¬ 
tural Chemical Co.804 
Horticultural Supply Co. 789 
Hirst, Brooke & Hirst ...7S9 
W. Pen Dennis.803 
R. Sankey & Son.S04 
Mark Smith .803 
H. G. Smyth.790 
11 Stott ” Co.790 
Greenhouse Plants. 
E Pynaert-van Geert.789 
J. W. Silver ..789 
Hardy Plants. 
H. English.789 
Heating Apparatus. 
Thames Bank Iron Co, ,,,803 
PAGE 
Horticultural Builders. 
J. Boyd & Sons.789 
J. Cooper .700 
J- Gray . 7 s g 
A. Peel & Sons.789 
W. Richardson & Co.804 
J. Weeks & Co.....789 
Insecticides. 
Bridgford’s Antiseptic ...789 
Corry, Saper, Fowler & 
Co.804 
Fir Tree Oil .803 
Gishurst Compound .789 
Lethorion .S03 
Nicotine Soap .789 
Slugicide . _ 7 Sg 
Stott.,,,...790 
Lawn Mowers. 
G. Coppin & Sons .789 
Manures. 
W. H. Beeson .78g 
S. C. Clay .ySg 
Clay & Levesley.790 
W. Thomson & Sons.789 
E. S. Wiles & Co.7S9 
Miscellaneous. 
Epps'Cocoa .803 
Gishurstine .7S9 
A. Outram.803 
Smyth's Orchid Baskets ySg 
Mushrooms. 
W. Cutbush & Son.791 
Orchids. 
Liverpool Horticultural 
Co.790 
P. McArthur.789 
Seeds. 
J. Carter & Co.791 
R- Dean . S03 
Dicksons Limited .791 
R. B. Laird & Sons.789 
Methven & Sons.789 
Sutton & Sons.7S9 
Strawberries. 
G. Bunyard & Co.791 
Little & Ballantyne.79I 
T. Rivers & Son .7S9 
