232 
THE FIELD AETILLEEY OF ITALY, 
TABLE IV. 
Mean Derivation , 
Countries. 
Austria 
England, 
Germany 
Italy .... 
France , 
Eussia 
Switzerland 
Calibres. 
r 4-pr. 
C 8-pr. 
9-pr. 
16-pr. 
. 
9 C . 
7 C . 
7 C . 
'4-pr. (light) .. 
4-pr. (heavy) .. 
l?-pr. 
8 C . 
10 c . . 
Eanges. 
yds. 
rii66 
... 4 2367 
(.3500 
C 2367 
13500 
(“1166 
... 4 2367 
(.3500 
(1166 
... 4 2367 
(.3500 
(1166 
... -52367 
(.3500 
( 1166* 
... 4 2367 
(.3500 
(-1166 
...4 2367 
(.3500 
(1166 
... 4 2367 
(.3500 
(1166 
... 4 2367 
(.3500 
(1166 
... 4 2367 
(.3500 
(1166 
... 4 2367 
(.3500 
(1166 
...4 2367 
(.3500 
(1166 
... 4 2367 
(.3500 
Mean derivation. 
Vertical. 
Initial. 
ft. 
ft. 
2*7 
1*8 
6-7 
7-3 
11-3 
13-4 
21-3 
12-9 
65-0 
30-6 
3-2 
— 
10-8 
8-3 
33-2 
14-5 
1-5 
1*9 
8-2 
4-8 
17-7 
8-4 
3*8 
4*4 
13-5 
9'5 
40-6 
2-0 
3-4 
3*4 
13‘5 
9*5 
33-7 
18-4 
2-6 
__ 
11-6 
— 
31*9 
— 
4-0 
5‘5 
10-3 
8-1 
26-2 
14-7 
4-2 . 
4-4 
16*5 
9-3 
67'9 
208 
2-6 
1-7 
6-7 
7-3 
11*5 
13-4 
3-1 
2-6 
12*8 
7-2 
4-0 
14-9 
1-9 
2-2 
7-9 
6-7 
23-9 
12-9 
1-9 
2-0 
7-9 
5-9 
23-9 
10-9 
From the above tables one sees that the armaments of the field 
artilleries of the different powers are practically similar, both as regards 
the calibre and power of the guns. 
In each country we generally find two different calibres—the lighter 
varying between 2*9 and 3‘4ins., and the heavier with a mean calibre 
of 4 ins. England possesses a third gun of 4 ins. calibre, and Eussia 
another of 4*2 ins. Switzerland also has a third gun, called a “ gun of 
position,” which does not figure in these tables,., because it can only be 
occasionally employed ; it is an enormous piece which has been con¬ 
verted from a muzzle-loader to a breech-loader. They also talk in 
France of adopting a third gun of position of 5 ins. calibre. 
It is quite certain that if one calibre only could be obtained to con¬ 
tend adequately against any obstacle on the battle-field, it would be 
an immense advantage, as it would ensure perfect uniformity and sim¬ 
plicity of materiel , greatly to the good of the service. 
For this reason it is evident that it is much better to have two 
