i8 
ALASKA GLACIERS 
from i ? ooo to 2,000 feet in height and reduced the lesser 
mountains of the basin to the condition of projecting peaks, 
or nunataks. The sea front made a continuous ice cliff 
ten miles long. Then the great trunk glacier gradually 
wasted; the rounded 
crests of submerged 
hills began to reap¬ 
pear as nunataks; 
rows of nunataks 
coalesced into 
mountain ranges; 
the ice cliff retreated 
up the bay, passing 
one nunatak after 
another and leaving 
it as an island or a 
promontory; one by 
one the tributary ice 
streams were aban¬ 
doned by the waning 
trunk and left as in¬ 
dependent glaciers, 
whose terminal ice 
cliffs retreated grad¬ 
ually up their several 
sea arms. These 
modifications of the 
coastal geography 
were accompanied by equally remarkable changes at 
higher levels. Several glaciers lost their neves, by dis¬ 
sipation or by diversion, and being thus deprived of 
nourishment and of part of their propelling force, lie 
nearly stagnant and are slowly melting away. A num¬ 
ber of fragments of ice streams are stranded on flat 
passes among the hills, where they lie almost inert but 
FIG. 7. MAP OF GLACIER BAY. 
Ruled areas, land. BG , Brady Glacier. CG, Char- 
pentier Glacier. GI, Geikie Inlet. GP, Grand Pacific 
Glacier. HI, Hugh Miller Inlet. HM, Hugh Miller 
Glacier. JH, Johns Hopkins Glacier. MI, Muir Inlet. 
MG, Muir Glacier. Q, Queen Inlet. R, Rendu Inlet. 
RI, Reid Inlet. W, Willoughby Island. 
