YAKUTAT BAY 
47 
separated from the water of the bay by a belt of detrital 
lowland. The mountain system is lofty, and among its 
summits are great tracts of neve. From these a series of 
alpine glaciers stream down to feed the Malaspina, and 
others reach or approach the land-locked arms of Yakutat 
Bay. Turner Glacier, entering Disenchantment Bay from 
the northwest, flares at the end after the manner of the 
Davidson, but has not yet surrounded itself by a moraine 
barrier, and ends in a berg-producing cliff. The Hubbard, 
coming in two principal streams from the north and with 
minor affluents from the east, reaches the sea at the junc¬ 
tion of Disenchantment Bay with Russell Fiord and 
occupies the coast for more than five miles. Nunatak 
Glacier flows northwestward to the end of Nunatak Fiord, 
where it maintains a discharging cliff nearly a mile broad. 
Hidden Glacier, with branches from the east and south, 
follows a trough parallel to Nunatak Fiord, but fails to 
reach tide-water, being separated from it by a gravel plain 
two miles long. 
Two islands should be mentioned here, not as important 
geographic features but as landmarks to which the follow¬ 
ing pages make occasional reference (see fig. 27 and pi. 
vm). Haenke Island, a rounded rock knoll several hun¬ 
dred feet high, lies near the east shore of Disenchantment 
Bay. Osier Island, lower but containing also a nucleus 
of rock, stands at the entrance to Russell Fiord. 
The inner arms of the bay were explored by Russell in 
1890 and 1891, and he prepared a sketch map showing 
the general relations of fiords and glaciers. The shores 
were afterward surveyed by the Canadian Boundary Com¬ 
mission (1895), and during our visit Gannett made local 
maps of the upper part of Disenchantment Bay and the 
ends of Nunatak and Hidden glaciers. 
The prevailing rocks are friable sandstones and partially 
altered shales, and these are weathered and eroded much 
