HUBBARD GLACIER 63 
only approximate in its reproduction of the other portions 
of Nunatak Glacier and the neighboring ice bodies. 
Hubbard Glacier .— The Hubbard Glacier, discovered 
by Russell in 1890 and named by him in honor of Gardiner 
G. Hubbard, president of the National Geographic So¬ 
ciety, is the most important ice body of Yakutat Bay. 
Its width where it reached the bay was, in 1899, five and 
one-half miles, its whole frontage, counting the sinuosities 
of outline, being about six miles. Of this frontage the 
southeastern third was motionless, and fringed for the 
most part by a belt of morainic debris. The remainder, 
pushing itself forward into the head of Disenchantment 
Bay, maintained an imposing ice cliff nearly 300 feet high. 
The active portion of the glacier had two main branches, 
the larger coming from the east or northeast, the smaller 
coming from the north, and the two uniting only three 
miles back from the water. Looking up the valley, we 
could see a number of minor tributaries descending from 
the bordering heights, but the principal sources were con¬ 
cealed from view, and the low grade of the main trunks 
suggested that their beginnings were far away. The sur¬ 
faces of both branches were rugged, being divided by a 
labyrinth of crevasses into a wilderness of pinnacles. 
Morainic bands marked out the lines of flow, and a broad 
belt of ice near each margin of the active portion was 
black with included debris. The more southerly of these 
belts was continued to the water front, causing a black 
ice cliff nearly a mile in extent (fig. 35). The correspond¬ 
ing belt at the north appeared to have become nearly sta¬ 
tionary, as though resting on a rock shoal, and the flow¬ 
lines of the northern arm were curved about it. 
The southeastern third of the glacier was moraine 
covered, not only at the water edge but for nearly or quite 
two miles inland. The material was coarse and angular, 
and was divided into zones or belts distinguished at a 
