66 
ALASKA GLACIERS 
Islands; these show a continuance of retreat. At a point 
where a prominent moraine makes the comparison some¬ 
what definite, the ice cliff appears to have then stood 700 
to i,ooo feet farther back than in 1899. The cliff was 
also shortened at each end by the enlargement of the 
marginal belts of stagnant ice. 
Turner Glacier. — Turner Glacier comes into Disen¬ 
chantment Bay from the northwest, a few miles below 
the foot of Hubbard Glacier. As already stated, it was 
tributary to the Hubbard a century ago, and was ren¬ 
dered independent by the retreat of the latter. Immedi¬ 
ately after its isolation its front may have projected some¬ 
what farther into the bay than in later years, but it is not 
probable that the difference was great. A comparison of 
RusselPs photograph made from Haenke Island in 1891 
with my own made eight years later from the same station 
(pi. x) shows no appreciable change in the position of 
the front. 
The general width of the glacier within the mountain is 
about one mile, but it begins to flare before fully emerging, 
and at the water front was nearly two and one-half miles 
broad in 1899. For a width of about two miles an ice cliff 
was maintained by the falling of bergs, and the cliff was 
flanked on either side by a sloping tongue which, from our 
distant view, seemed black. RusselPs picture represents 
parts of these tongues as white, so that in these marginal 
portions a progressive change is recorded. There was 
also a change in the flow-lines, as indicated by moraines 
near the southwestern margin. A strand of the ice which 
had previously swung far to the south had in 1899 ac¬ 
quired a more direct course to the bay, reaching the cliff 
1,200 feet to the northward. This would seem to indicate 
that a body of ice near the south end of the water front 
had in the interval become stagnant and, acting as an ob¬ 
struction, had deflected the current. 
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