FIORDS AND HANGING VALLEYS 147 
land from the mainland, is straight, and as it has a parallel 
on the opposite side of the island, it is confidently classed 
with the strike valleys. At each end it connects with 
much wider fiords of the mainland, having the crooked 
courses of transverse valleys. From these relations I 
infer that the pre-glacial master drainage was transverse, 
and that the Grenville valley was not followed from end 
to end by a 
pre-glacial 
stream, but 
contained two 
streams, flow¬ 
ing in opposite 
ways from a 
medial sum¬ 
mit. The pas- 
FIG. 72 . HANGING VALLEY, FRAZER REACH. 
sage about 
Princess Royal Island is not clearly marked as a strike 
valley, but its narrowness as compared with the trans¬ 
verse valleys in which it ends indicates that it origi¬ 
nally contained two minor streams, with a summit be¬ 
tween. No trace of either summit has survived the 
glacial remodeling. As in other fiords, the bottoms are 
irregular, but some of the lowest points lie midway be¬ 
tween the ends. In fact, the deepest soundings reported 
in the two passages (severally 800 and 900 feet) are near 
their middles, and are not exceeded by recorded sound¬ 
ings in neighboring waters. When it is considered that 
these fiords, being parallel to the coast, run athwart the 
general movement of the ice from land to sea, the fact 
that their depth is comparable with that of troughs lying 
in the direction of general movement is certainly remark¬ 
able. It probably depends in part on the presence of a 
belt of easily eroded rock, but after all allowance for such 
favorable condition, one is impressed by the ability of ice 
