42 
THE GARDENING WORLD. September 15, 1888. 
zone. Mr. H. B. May, Dyson’s Lane Nurseries, Upper 
Edmonton, exhibited a large group of Crotons, well- 
grown plants with healthy well-coloured foliage. They 
were mixed with Maidenhair Fern, and edged with 
Isolepis. He had also some baskets of Carnations, 
Mignonette, and President Cleveland Bouvardia, 
with a pink sport from the latter named Excelsior. 
He was awarded a Silver Banksian Medal. A 
similar award was made to Messrs. Kelway & 
Son, Langport, Somerset, for a large group of 
Gladioli, showing great variety and range of colour. 
A large group of cut flowers of China Asters was 
brought up from the gardens of the Royal Horticultural 
Society at Chiswick, including the various strains 
known as Chrysanthemum-flowered, Pfeony-flowered, 
Hedgehog, &c. A fine basket of Hydrangea paniculata 
grandiflora was also shown from Chiswick. A Bronze 
Banksian Medal was awarded to Mr. William Gordon, 
Twickenham, for a large and showy group of Liliums 
and Japan Maples. Amongst the Liliums were L. 
speeiosum rubrum, L. s. album, L. auratumvirginale, &c. 
The largest group of Orchids came from Mr. B. S. 
Williams, Upper Holloway. Amongst them were a 
fine plant of Miltonia Candida, Mesospinidium 
vulcanicum superbum, Cattleya Eldorado alba, 
Catasetum tabulare, besides some that were certificated. 
Oncidium macranthum Williamsii was shown by F. 
G. Tautz, Esq. (gardener, Mr. C. Cowley), Studley House, 
Hammersmith, and a Cultural' Commendation was 
awarded for the exhibit. Two plants of Lselia anceps 
were shown by Mr. Cook, Kingston Hill. Some 
Liliums, including L. auratum rubro-vittatum, L. a. 
platypetalum and L. tigrinum flore pleno were shown 
by G. F. Wilson, Esq., F.R.S., Weybridge Heath. 
A large bunch of Araujia albens was shown by Mr. F. 
Ross, gardener to Sir George Macleay, Pendell Court, 
Bletchingley. Some Pentstemons, Phloxes, Dianthus 
and Chrysanthemums came from Mr. R. Dean, 
Ealing. T. W. Girdlestone, Esq., Sunningdale, Berks, 
showed a stand of Single Dahlias, including Mikado, 
scarlet with a yellow zone, George Grossmith and 
Corney Grain, yellow, striped crimson, &e. A vote of 
thanks was awarded to Mr. A. Harding, The Gardens, 
Orton Hall, Peterborough, for a cone of Abies magnifica 
and fruits of Torreya myristica, about the size of a 
nutmeg. Some Double Dahlias were shown by Mr. G. 
S. P. Harris, Orpington. Carnation, Blushing Bride, 
was shown by Mr. T. Butcher, Croydon. 
A fine collection of fruit was contributed by Messrs. J. 
Yeitch & Sons, which contained some excellent 
samples of Pott’s Seedling, Domino, Mank’s Codlin, 
Warner’s King, Keswick Codlin, New Hawthornden, 
Frogmore Prolific, Stone’s and Lord Snflield Apples. 
Plums were also good, including fine samples of Sultan, 
Large Black Imperial, Victoria, Belle de Lcuvain, Prince 
Englebert and others. Beurre Giffard, Williams’ Bon 
Peaches were also noticeable. A Cultural Commenda¬ 
tion was awarded to the Rev. W. Wilks, Shirley, for 
Chretien and Durandeau Pears ; A Bee and Early Louise 
some splendid samples of Cox’s Orange Pippin, measur¬ 
ing 11 ins. to 12 ins. in circumference, huge Hormead’s 
Pearmain Apple, and the following Pears, namely, 
Rivers’ Princess, Fondante d’Automne, Beurre Hardy 
and Durondeau. A similar award was made to W. 
Roupell, Esq., Harvey Lodge, Roupell Park, for fine 
samples of Devonshire Quarrenden and Irish Peach 
Apples. Messrs. Hurst & Son showed a box of Chiswick 
Red Tomato, and Mr. R. Dean, Ealing, specimens of 
the Early Harvest Apple. 
-=->-<•=- 
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 
Tree Peonies, Grafting. —Ben Walker: The month of August 
is a suitable time to effect the grafting of Pseonia Moutan, and 
the operation should, therefore, be set about at once. Use the 
thick, fleshy or tuberous roots of some of the herbaceous species, 
such as P. officinalis or P. albiflora, which are the most common 
in gardens, and may easily be had in considerable quantity if 
necessary. Get shoots fromtheTree Paeony without flower-buds, 
and after effecting a union, bind them firmly together and put 
them in light, sandy but rich soil. Afterwards plunge the 
pots in frames containing a quantity of any good garden soil, 
covering the newly grafted plants a little abovethe graft. Close 
the.frame after giving the whole a watering, and shade from 
sunshine till the grafts have taken. Afterwards ventilate so as 
to gradually inure them to exposure. 
Root Pruning. — Alex. Chalmers : It is not yet too late to root 
prune the Irish Tews, Copper Beeches, and Planes, which you 
desire to lift next spring, provided the specimens are not of 
great size, 'otherwise we should recommend you to take out a 
trench about 3 ft. from the stem, but on one side of the trees 
only. Next year, preferably in spring, the other half might be 
done, taking care to cut well in beneath, so as to sever the tap 
root or other strong ones that descend into the sub-soil, and 
supply the trees with a large amount of moisture. The roots 
that are severed now will do much to repair the injury during 
the remaining part of the autumn and winter by pushing out 
numerous small fibrous ones, which the object of root pruning 
is to foster. When the trees are ultimately lifted be careful to 
preserve as many of these intact as possible, for upon them 
depends the success of the operation. If lifted with a good ball, 
specimens from 6 ft. to 18 ft. high may be removed without any 
previous preparation ; but they must be carefully staked and 
watered till again fairly well established. 
Tulip Tree Fp.uitixg. — H. Jennings : It is not unusual for the 
Tulip Tree to develop fruit after the flowers have fallen in the 
south of England ; but such fruits are usually though not always 
imperfect even when they attain considerable size. It is usual 
to see them hanging on the tree even after the foliage has 
fallen, but they are usually empty, and always so on young trees. 
In favourable seasons you may be able to get a small per-centage 
ofgood fruits from a catkin or spike on tall, old trees. Search 
for them on the most exposed and favourable parts of the tree, 
that is, on the outermost and uppermost branches. The tree 
may, however, be propagated by layers or by inarching. 
Evergreen Plants for Window. — /. C. : Many things are 
suitable for this purpose, provided they are not subjected to 
much frost, which may easily be avoided on severe nights by 
removing them some distance from the window and covering 
with a dry woollen or other cloth so as to keep frost at bay. In 
dwelling-rooms, however, in which a fire is kept burning during 
the evening, the following may be depended upon, namely, 
Aspidistra lurida and its variegated form, Ficus elastica, Aloe 
frutescens, Agave americana, Aralia Sieboldi, Scolopendrium 
Yulgare and its numerous forms, Pteris cretica and P. serrulata 
with their beautifully crested forms, Tinea major and V. m. 
variegata as basket plants, Dracaena rubra, Cordyline australis, 
C. indivisa, Ophiopogon Jaburan and 0. spieatum with varie¬ 
gated varieties of both, Phormium tenax variegata, Euonymus 
latifolius-aureus marginatns, E. 1. albus marginatus and many 
others. 
Select Conifers for Winter Bedding. — B. M.: Very suit¬ 
able in a small state are Cupressus Lawsoniana aurea variegata, 
C. L. lutea, C. L. nana, Retinospora plumosa, R. p. aurea, R. p. 
argentea, R. obtusa aurea, R. o. pygmsea, R. squarrosa, R. de- 
cussata, R. leptoclada, and R. ericoides. As centre plants to 
relieve the monotony, use Cupressus Lawsoniana erecta viridis, 
C. L, alba spica nana, Taxus baccata fastigiata aurea, Thuja 
orientalis elegantissima, Juniperus chinensis aurea, and others. 
THE WEATHER. 
At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean reading 
of the barometer daring the week ending Sept. Sth was 
29'90 in. ; the lowest reading was 29 '75 in. on Monday 
afternoon, and the highest was 30 '22 in. at the end of the 
week. The mean temperature of the air was 57'1°, 
and 2 '4’ below the average in the corresponding weeks 
of the twenty years ending 1868. The mean showed a 
slight excess on Wednesday, but was below the average 
during the other days of the week. The general 
direction of the wind was S.W.,' and the horizontal 
movement of the air averaged 12'6 miles per hour, which 
was 1 '6 miles above the average in the corresponding 
weeks of sixteen years. Rain fell on six days of the 
week, to the aggregate amount of 0'16 in. The dura¬ 
tion of registered bright sunshine in the week was 
20 '8 hours, against 27"2 hours at Glynde Place, Lewes. 
-- 
LONDON SEED TRADE. 
September 12th. 
■ Messrs. Hurst & Sox, 152, Houndsditch, and 39, 
Seed Market, Mark Lane, London, report a steady 
sale for Trifolium incamatum, at rates current last 
week. Winter Tares are in short supply, and are held 
for an advance. No change in value of Clover seeds 
or Rye Grasses, though some have recently been sold to 
speculate. Rape seed is firm. Sowing Rye steady. 
-- 
OOVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
September 13 th. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s.d. s.d. | Pine-apples, St. s.d. s.d. 
Apples, J-sieve. 2 0 4 6 Michaels, each .... 2 0 5 0 
Filberts, per 100 lbs. 75 0 ' Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 2 0 3 0 
Grapes .per lb. 1 0 2 6 Plums, |-sieve . 2 6 4 0 
Melons. 10 3 Ol Peaches.perdoz. 2 0 SO 
System of Botany. — Omega: There were a number of the 
family name of Jussieu, who taken together were for more than 
a century and a half at the head of botanical science. Three 
of them were brothers ; hut the man with whom we are directly 
concerned was a nephew of theirs, namely Antoine Laurent de 
Jussieu, who was born in 1748, and published his “Genera 
Plantarum ” in 17S9. He, therefore, flourished about 100 years 
ago. A. L. de Jussieu was a Frenchman, as were the rest of the 
family, and was demonstrator of botany at the Jardin du Roi. 
The natural system of botany was partly traced out by Tourne- 
fort, and partly filled up by Bernard de Jussieu, an uncle of the 
botanist under notice. The latter, however, was the first to 
solve the problem of the classification of plants according to 
their natural affinities, and to him, therefore, botanical science 
is indebted for establishing the system now in common use all 
over the world. He was the first to discover and establish the 
principle of the “Relative value of characters.” He laid most 
stress on those characters which are the most constant through¬ 
out the vegetable kingdom, and this prevails in the reproductive 
organs.' In flowering plants the cotyledons are the most con¬ 
stant, then the separate or inseparate condition of the petals 
follow, then the insertion of the stamens, and so on. 
Grapes : Distinct Varieties.— A. B. L. : Black and white 
Grapes are undoubtedly distinct varieties, and in the class you 
allude to, which was for six dishes of fruit, distinct varieties, 
they should most certainly have been admitted. The framers of 
the schedule, however, clearly meant six distinct kinds, and in 
a collection of six kinds at this season, only one dish of Grapes 
should he allowed—hut they do not say so - and, therefore, the 
wider interpretation is the correct one. 
Chrysanthemums.— Omega: Certainly they will flower this 
year. The buds are already formed. 
Names of Plants. — Omega: 1, iEgopodimn Podagraria, 
Bishop’s Weed or Gout Weed; 2, Ciresea Lutetiana, Enchanter's 
Nightshade. A. L.: 1, Not recognised; 2, Goldfinder. R. J. 
Bannerman: Jassione montana ; 2, Calaniintha officinalis ; 3, 
Origanum vulgare. H, B. L.: Aster Amellus ; 2, Aster Acris; 
3, Sedum spectabile; 4, Colchicum antumnale; 5, Solidago 
lanceolata ; 6, Sedum brevifolium. R. J.: 1, Acer platanoides ; 
2, Acer monspessulanum. A. Langdon: 1, Agathea coelestis ; 
2, Celsia arcturus; 3, Alonsoa linifolia; 4, Sedum Sieboldi 
medio-variegatus. 
Communications Received.—S. R. — W. B. H.—J. H. W.— 
J. W.—H. N. — Con.—D. & Co.—Stanley Morrison & Co.—■ 
W. D.—R. D.—J. C.-B. C. R.—H. J. C.—C. J. G.—H. W. P.— 
B. F. — W. G.—A. Briant (next week). 
-- 
TEADE CATALOGUES EECEIVED. 
John Laing & Sons, Forest Hill, London, S.E.—Dutch, 
French, and other Bulbs, Fruit Trees, Roses, &c. 
Barr & Son, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.—Daffodils, 
and other Bulbous and Tuberous Roots, &c. 
John Potten, Stone Street, Cranbrook.—Dutch Bulbs and 
other Flower Roots. 
Harrison & Sons, Market Place, Leicester.—Flowering Bulbs 
and Roots. 
Charles Turner, Royal Nurseries, Slough.—Dutch and 
other choice Bulbous Roots. 
Benjamin Soddy, 243, Walworth Road, S.E.—Choice Dutch 
Bulbs. 
L'Horticulture Internationale, Parc Leopold, Brussels.— 
Catalogue of Orchids and new Plants. 
C. Rerkvoorde, Wetteren, Belgium.—Fruit Trees, Hardy 
Trees and Shrubs, Roses, &c. 
J. & R. Thyne, S3, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow.—Dutch 
Bulbs, Plants for Forcing, &c. 
Thomas S. Ware, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, N.— 
A. B. C. Bulb Guide and Catalogue of Daffodils and Lilies. 
Artichokes, Globe,doz. 3 0 
Beans, French, per lb. 0 6 
Beet, per dozen. 2 0 
Cabbages_per doz. 1 6 
Carrots, New,per bun. 0 6 
Cauliflowers, English, 
per dozen . 30 40 
Celery, per bundle ..20 
Cucumbers, each .... 0 6 0 9 
Endive, French, doz. 2 6 3 6 
Herbs, per bunch.... 0 2 0 4 
s.d. s.d. 
Horse Radish, bundle 3 0 5 0 
Lettuces .. per dozen 2 0 3 0 
Mushrooms, p. basket 0 9 13 
Onions, per bushel .. 7 0 9 0 
I Parsley, per bunch ..06 
j Radishes, per dozen ..16 
Small salading,punnet 0 4 
Spinach, per strike ..20 
i Tomatos, per lb.0 9 
; Turnips, per bun.0 6 
Potatos.— Kent Regents, 80s. to 100s. per ton; Kent Kidneys. 
80s. to 100s. per ton ; Champions, 70s. per ton. 
Vegetables.—Average Retail Prices. 
s.d. s.d. 
6 0 
3 0 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s.d. s.d. 
Aralia Sieboldi, doz.. 6 0 IS o 
Asters ___ per doz. 3 0 6 0 
Balsams -_perdoz. 2 0 4 0 
Chrysanthemums, 
per dozen . 40 90 
Cockscomb, per dozen 3 0 6 0 
Coleus.per doz. 2 0 4 0 
Crassula_per doz. 9 0 12 0 
Cyperus, ..per dozen 4 0 12 0 
Dracaena term., doz. 30 0 60 0 
— viridis, per dozen 12 0 24 0 
Evergreens, in var., 
per dozen . 6 0 24 0 
Ferns, in var., do. .. 4 0 18 0 
Foliage Plants, vari- s.d. s.d. 
ous, each. 2 0 10 0 
Ficus elastica each.. 16 7 0 
Fuchsia, per doz. 3 0 6 0 
Heliotrope .. per doz. 3 0 6 0 
Hydrangea, per doz. . 9 0 IS 0 
LLLiums, var., doz. IS 0 30 0 
Marguerites perdoz. 6 0 12 0 
Mignonette .. per doz. 3 0 6 0 
Palms in variety, each 2 6 21 0 
Pelargoniums,scarlet, 
per dozen ... 2 0 6 0 
Pelargoniums, dozen 6 0 12 0 
Scented Verbena doz. 4 0 6 0 
Solanums.... per doz. 90150 
Out Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s.d. 
s.d. 
s.d. 
s.d. 
Asters, doz. bunches 
1 
6 
4 
0 
Marguerites, 12 bun. 
3 
0 
6 0 
— (French), 1 bunch 1 
0 
1 
6 
Mignonette, 12 bun. 
1 
0 
2 0 
Bouvardias, per bun. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Pansies, doz. bunch. 
A 
0 
2 0 
Carnations, 12 blooms 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Pelargoniums,12 spvs. 
0 
G 
1 0 
Carnations, 12 bun... 
4 
0 
6 
0 
— scarlet, 12 sprays.. 
0 
2 
0 4 
Chrysanthemums 
Pinks, 12 bunches .. 
3 
0 
6 0 
annual, 12 bunches 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Poppies, 12 bunches 4 
0 
6 0 
Chrysanthemums, 
Primula, double, bun. 
0 
9 
1 0 
12 blooms 0 
6 
3 
0 
Pyrethrums, 12 bun.. 
2 
0 
4 0 
—12 bunches . 
2 0 
6 
0 
Rhodanthe, 12 bunch. 
4 
0 
6 0 
Cornflower, 12 bunch. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Roses (colrd.) 12 bun. 
2 
0 
4 0 
Dahlia, 12 bunches .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
— Tea _per dozen 0 
G 
1 6 
Eucharis, per dozen.. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
— Red.perdoz. 0 
G 
1 0 
Forget-me-not,12 bun. 2 0 
4 
0 
— Saffrano .. per doz. 
0 
6 
0 9 
Gardenias, 12 blooms. 
1 
6 
4 
0 
Stephanotis,12 sprays 
2 
0 
4 0 
Gladiolus, 12 sprays . 
0 
6 
1 
6 
Sunflower, 12bunches 3 
0 
9 0 
Heliotropes, 12 sprays 0 
6 
1 
0 
Sweet Peas, 
Lapageria, 12 blooms 
1 
0 
2 
0 
12 bunches 
o 
0 
4 0 
Lavender, 12 bunches 
3 0 
4 
6 
Sweet Sultan, 
Lilium longiflprum, 
12 bunches 2 
0 
4 0 
12 blooms 3 0 
5 
0 
Tuberoses, per dozen. 
0 
4 
0 9 
Lilium speeiosum, 
12 blooms 
1 
0 
3 
0 
CONTENTS. 
PAGE 
Allotment Gardens . 39 
Amateurs’ Garden. 3S 
Brookville, co. Dublin.... 34 
Carnations, Split-pod .... 36 
Cattleya Eldorado varieties 40 
Crinum Powelli. 39 
Citrus, hybridisation in the 
genus. 32 
Chrysanthemums . 32 
Crystal Palace Fruit Con¬ 
ference . 31 
Climate, Fruits and Foods 32 
Dahlia Show, the National 31 
Dunkeld Conference, the.. 35 
Eschscholtzias . 36 
Ferns, Hardy . 33 
Figs at Chiswick. 3S 
Flame Flower, the. S3 
Flori-ts’ Flowers, new_ 36 
PAGE 
Fruit-growers’ Association 31 
Fruit, on Packing. 34 
Gaillardia, a seedling . 39 
Gardeners’ Calendar". 40 
Gardening Miscellany. 39 
Glenstal Castle. 3S 
Horticultural Sales. 32 
Horticultural Societies _40 
Odontoglossum Harryanum 40 
Orchids, new ... 40 
Orchid notes . 40 
Pernettya, the . 37 
Perry Vale Nursery, the_ 36 
PiDks, the Florist's Laced.. 36 
Plumbago capensis alba .... 39 
Season and' the Crops. 35 
Sunflower, a monster. 39 
Yucca filamentosa . 39 
G ARDENER.—Married. Age 28. Good 
references. Has had a good experieree in ail branches ; 
well up in flower garden work ; .goed knowledge of hardy flowers. 
—H. B UGDEN, The Gardens, Barrow Point, Pinner. 
