74 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
September 29, 1888= 
Hardy flowers were only second rate, and another year 
the managers should exclude such things as Roses and 
Dahlias from competition amongst hardy herbaceous 
plants, such practice not being satisfactory either to the 
exhibitors or judges, especially the latter. The collec¬ 
tion awarded first honours in this class contained some 
good specimens of Pentstemons, Echinops, Saponaria 
officinalis fl. ph, Anemone japonica, and perennial 
Sunflowers. The feature of the show was a magnificent 
collection of Roses set up by E. Mawley, Esq., a gentle¬ 
man well known in the Rose-world. His Roses were 
simply superb, and arranged with great taste and refine¬ 
ment. The same gentleman also contributed a fine 
plant of Eueomis punctata, for which the judges 
awarded a Cultural Commendation. A small but very 
praiseworthy collection of Roses was shown by Mr. 
Dawson, of Berkhamstead (joint secretary of the society), 
and if Rose growers are capable of feeling envious, 
certainly that feeling must have been common amongst 
them when looking at Mr. Dawson’s famous blooms of 
Devoniensis. A small group of Orchids was shown by 
Captain Alcock, and early Chrysanthemums were 
represented by a stand of fine blooms from Mr. Mawley. 
In the cottager’s section the cut flowers and plants 
were exceedingly creditable and well grown ; but the 
wild flowers, although numerous, were spoilt by being 
arranged in hideous shapes and designs, the only 
exception to this being a basket of wild fruits and 
flowers arranged naturally—we hope other exhibitors 
will copy another year. The vegetables of the cottagers 
were wonderful productions, and niany a professional 
gardener must have rubbed his eyes at the fine samples 
of Peas, Cauliflowers, Salads, and other seasonable and 
choice productions. The reason of this is not far to 
seek. Berkhamstead has acted liberally in the 
matter of allotments, there being as many as four large 
allotment grounds in the town, all under the manage¬ 
ment of a representative committee, consequently a 
healthy spirit of emulation exists amongst the cottagers, 
and really good useful vegetables are the result. A 
fine collection of fruit was shown by the Messrs. Lane, 
whose famous fruit nurseries are in the vicinity. 
Messrs. Dawson and Mawley are to be congratulated 
upon the increased usefulness of this old established 
society. 
Manchester Botanical and Horticultural. 
The autumn show, held in the Botanical Gardens at 
Old Trafford on the 21st and 22nd inst., was in every 
way a success, the entries being plentiful, the com¬ 
petition good in all departments, the weather fine, and 
the attendance of visitors large. The display of 
Dahlias, Gladioli, Roses, and other autumn flowers 
was particularly effective, while the fruit classes were 
good all round. The leading prize winners with fruit 
were Mr. Dawes, Temple Hewsham ; Mr. Goodacre, 
Elvaston ; Mr. Lambert, Onslow Hall, Shrewsbury; 
Mr. Pratt, Longleat; Mr. Chuck, Brodsworth Hall; 
Mr. Hunter, Lambton ; Mr. Gillman, Ingestrie ; Mr. 
Blair, Trentham ; and Mr. S. Barlow, Stakehill House, 
Castleton. 
In the vegetable competitions, Mr. Lambert, of 
Onslow, cleared off all the first prizes, having the best 
collection of twelve dishes, and the best single dishes 
of round and kidney Potatos, Onions, red and white 
Celery, &c. In the cut-flower classes, Messrs. Heath & 
Son, Cheltenham, and Mr. W. Boston had the best 
Dahlias ; Messrs. Cocker & Son, Aberdeen, the best 
Roses and hardy cut flowers ; Messrs. Harkness & Sons 
and Mr. S. Barlow the finest Gladioli ; Mr. S. Barlein, 
Didsbury, the best Asters ; Mr. A. Heine, Eallowfield, 
the best cut stove and greenhouse flowers ; and Messrs. 
Perkins & Sons, Coventry, the best bouquet and basket 
of cut flowers. Among miscellaneous contributions, 
which much increased the interest in the show, we 
noted a fine collection of Tomatos from Messrs. Dickson, 
Brown, & Tait ; a beautiful collection of Pansies and 
Violas from Messrs. Dobbie & Co., Rothesay ; a choice 
collection of Carnations, &c., from Mr. Frank Law, of 
Rochdale ; a handsome collection of hardy flowers from 
Messrs. Dickson’s, Limited, Chester ; a very interesting 
group of cut hardy flowers from Mr. S. Barlow ; and a 
group of Gladioli from Messrs. Kelway & Son, Langport. 
Certificates of Merit were awarded to Mr. S. Barlow for a 
handsome form of Lilium auratum var. rubro vittatum, a 
white-ground flower, beautifully spotted, having a rich 
deep purple-brown band down each segment; to Messrs. 
Kelway & Son for three new Gladioli; to Messrs. 
Ryder & Son, Sale, for a new white Carnation, named 
Salisbury ; to Messrs. Dobbie & Co. for their Lemou 
Queen African Marigold; and to Messrs. Dickson, 
Brown, & Tait for a new Melon. 
^fnfuart?. 
I AM sure that many of your readers will hear with 
as much regret as I did of the somewhat sudden death, 
on the 17th inst., of Mr. William Coup.t, Messrs. 
James Yeitch & Sons' able and much-respected propa¬ 
gator at the Chelsea Nursery. He was interred in the 
Brompton Cemetery on the 21st inst., in the presence 
of many sorrowing friends, for William Court was not 
only a clever man at his business—ho had a quiet, 
unassuming manner, had travelled much, and possessed 
the happy faculty of making warm friends. Cut down 
in the prime of life, for he was only forty-five years 
old, Mr. Court’s death will be as much regretted in 
America as here, for he had travelled through the 
States some dozen times, and had made troops of 
friends there. He had been with the Messrs. Veitch 
some twenty-five years, and was previously with Messrs. 
Lucombe, Pince & Co., at Exeter.— A. 0. 
-- 
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 
Powdered Charcoal.— A. B. Kingsuiood: The best method of 
applying this to your Roses is as a top-dressing to the pots. 
Mix a quantity of fresh soil with it, and use the compost 
when giving the annual top-dressing. If the Roses require 
re-potting, of course you can add a quantity to the potting 
soil. It supplies a small quantity of food to the plants, hut is 
also valuable on account of its power of decomposing salts, 
which furnish important articles of food to plant life. It also 
retains within itself ammoniacal substances, and assists in the 
production of ammonia. The flowers of Roses are said to he 
improved in colour by the application of charcoal dust. 
Birds and the Fruit.—W ill you kindly tell me the best way 
of getting rid of birds (chiefly blackbirds and thrushes), who 
continually take great quantities of fruit, and are now busily 
engaged in eating and spoiling unripe Pears ? Would poisoned 
corn laid about in saucers during the winter be any good ? If so, 
can I buy, or how shall I make it ? I am very loth to kill them, 
but unless I do so I may as well give up growing fruit at all.— 
H. H. [Birds are, undoubtedly, a great source of annoyance in 
many districts, but we should hesitate before resorting to such 
a strong and dangerous measure as poisoning them wholesale. 
We should much prefer to invest in some blank cartridges, or 
some form of bird scarer, for use while the fruit is about. Perhaps 
some of our readers would give us the benefit of their experience. 
—Ed.] 
Peaches and Potatos.—W hich are the best Peaches and 
Nectarines to plant against a high south wall? Also could you 
tell me the best early Potatos for planting in a good rich loamy 
soil?— Enquirer, Guernsey. [Of Peaches we should plant 
Alexander and Hale’s Early, as first earlies ; and Noblesse, 
Royal George, Gladstone, and the Nectarine Peach to follow on, 
with Walburton’s Admirable and Golden Eagle as the latest. 
These are all free bearers, and of fine quality. Of Nectarines the 
Pine Apple and Lord Napier would answer well. A selection of 
the best early Potatos may be made from the following:— 
Kidneys : Midsummer Kidney, Snowdrop, and Cosmopolitan are 
all early, aud of the best quality. Rounds: Snowball, dwarf 
top ; Sunrise, second early ; and Fidler's Prolific, a fine cropper, 
and of good quality. White Beauty of Hebron is a great cropper 
also, and very early.—E d.] 
Erratum.—I n our report of the National Chrysanthemum 
Society's September Show atp. 41, we inadvertently credited Mr. 
Holmes with taking the first prize for a group of plants in pots, 
instead of Mr. J. H. Witty, of the Highgate Cemetery. Mr. 
Holmes’ collection was exhibited not for competition. 
Bulbs for Flowering at Christmas.— Omega: The only 
bulbs likely to flower at Christmas, without artificial heat, are 
the Roman Hyacinths, and they would want careful nursing 
somewhere out of the reach of frost. The common Christmas 
Rose, Helleborus niger, might be got into flower then by cover¬ 
ing some plants with a frame in a few weeks’ time, Dut you 
cannot he certain of them without a little warmth. 
Tea Roses. — J.B.: If you get some nicely-grown plants care¬ 
fully lifted in two or three Weeks’ time, pot them in good silky 
loam, and keep them in a cold pit plunged in leaves and safe 
from frost, you need anticipate no difficulty with them. Thin 
out the smaller shoots of the Marechal Niel, shorten back the 
stronger ones and keep the plant quiet for a time to ripen the 
wood, then prune hard back before starting it into growth. You 
cannot do better under the circumstances. 
Names of Plants.— Omega: The orange flower is Calendula 
officinalis var., and the Gardener’s Garter, Phalaris arundiuacea 
variegata. Scotia: Jasminum Sambac. Ireland <£• Thomson: 
Naegelia Mrs. Fox Strangeways, probably. 
Communications Received. — W. G. — J. A. — S. B.—J. W. 0.— 
F. R. S.—Historicus.—J. F.—J. 1). — R. S. O. — J. D. — T. W.— 
S. O. — A Disgusted Exhibitor (what you say is quite true, but 
you have your remedy—do not go again). 
-- 
TEADE CATALOGUES BECEIYED. 
J, Cheal & Sons, Crawley, Sussex.—Ornamental Trees and 
Shrubs, Roses, Fruit Trees, &c. 
Act. Roozen & Son, Overveen, near Haarlem.—Choice Dutch 
and Cape Bulbs. 
Edward Webb & Sons, Wordsley, Stourbridge.—Catalogue 
of Selected Seed Corn. 
Chantrier FrIires, Mortefontaine, Plailly (Oise) France.— 
Fine-foliaged Stove and Greenhouse Plants. 
James Cocker & Sons, 59, St Nicholas Street, Aberdeen,— 
Dutch and other Bulbs for Autumn Planting. 
THE WEATHER. 
At tlie Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean reading 
of the barometer during the week ending Sept. 22nd was 
30 ’06 in. ; the lowest reading was 29’95 in. at the be¬ 
ginning of the week, and the highest was 30 T2 in. on 
Wednesday morning. The mean temperature of the air 
was 57 ‘2°, and 0'4° above the average in the corre¬ 
sponding weeks of the twenty years ending 1868. The 
mean was slightly below the average on Tuesday, and 
showed a small excess on each of the other days of the 
week. The general direction of the wind was K.E., 
and the horizontal movement of the air averaged 8’8 
miles per hour, which was 2 "5 miles below the average 
in the corresponding weeks of sixteen years. No rain 
was measured during the week. The duration of 
registered bright sunshine in the week was 32'6 hours, 
against 49 '0 hours at Glynde Place, Lewes. 
-- 
LONDON SEED TRADE 
September 2 6th. 
Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditeh, and 39, 
Seed Market, Mark Lane, London, report a brisk 
trade for Winter Tares and moderate sale for Trifolium 
incarnatum at unchanged rates. All Clovers are 
firmly held, and a considerable quantity of Alsyke and 
White Clover has changed hands this week, owing to 
speculators operating. Rye Grasses are firm. Bird 
seeds unchanged. 
-->T<-- 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
September 27th. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Price3. 
s.d. s.d. | Pine-apples, St. s.d. s.d. 
Apples, J-sieve. 2 0 4 6, Michaels, each 2 0 5 0 
Cobs per 100 lbs. 65 0 70 0 Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 1 6 2 0 
Grapes .per lb. 1 0 2 6 Plums, j-sieve . 2 6 4 0 
Melons. 1 0 3 0, Peaches. perdoz. 2 0 SO 
Vegetables.—Average Retail Prices. 
s.d. s.d. 
Artichokes, Globe,doz. 3 0 6 0 
Beans, French, per lb. 0 6 
Beet, per dozen. 2 0 3 0 
Cabbages_per doz. 1 6 
Carrots, New,per bun. C 6 
Cauliflowers, English, 
per dozen . 30 40 
Celery, per bundle ..20 
Cucumbers, each .... 0 6 0 9 
Endive, French, doz. 2 6 3 6 
Herbs, per bunch.... 0 2 0 4 
s.d. s.d. 
Horse Radish, bundle 3 0 5 0 
Lettuces ..per dozen 2 0 3 0 
Mushrooms, p. basket 0 9 13 
Onions, per bushel . 
.7 0 9 0 
Parsley, per bunch . 
. 0 6 
! Radishes, per dozen. 
. 1 6 
Smallsalading,punnet 0 4 
Spinach, per strike .. 
. 2 0 
Tomatos, per lb. 
, 0 9 
Turnips, per bun. 
, 0 6 
Potatos.— Kent Regents, 80s. to 100s. per ton; Kent Kidneys. 
80s. to 100s. per ton ; Champions, 70s. per ton. 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s.d. s.d. 
Aralia Sieholdi, doz.. 6 0 18 o 
Asters .per doz. 3 0 6 0 
Balsams _perdoz. 2 0 4 0 
Chrysanthemums, 
per dozen . 40 90 
Cockscomb, per dozen 3 0 6 0 
Coleus.per doz. 2 0 4 0 
Cyperus, ..per dozen. 4 0 12 0 
Dracaena term., doz. 30 0 60 0 
— viridis, per dozen 12 0 24 0 
Evergreens, in var., 
per dozen . 6 0 24 0 
Ferns, In var., do. .. 4 0 18 0 
Foliage Plants, vari- s.d. s.d. 
ons, each. 2 0 10 0 
Ficns elastica each ..16 70 
Fuchsia, per doz. 3 0 6 0 
Heliotrope .. per doz. 3 0 6 0 
Hydrangea, per doz.. 9 0 IS 0 
LUiurns, var., doz. IS 0 30 0 
Marguerites perdoz. 6 0 12 0 
Mignonette .. per doz. 3 0 6 0 
Palms in variety, each 2 6 21 0 
Pelargoniums,scarlet, 
per dozen . 20 60 
Pelargoniums, dozen 6 0 12 0 
Scented Verbena doz. 4 0 6 0 
Solanums_perdoz. 9 0 15 0 
Asters, doz. bunches 1 6 
— (French), 1 bunch 1 0 
Bouvardias, per bun. 0 6 
Carnations, 12 blooms 10 2 0 
Carnations, 12 bun. ..4 0 6 0 
Chrysanthemums 
annual, 12 hunches 10 3 0 
Chrysanthemums, 
12 blooms 0 6 3 0 
—12 bunches . 2 0 6 0 
Cornflower, 12 hunch. 16 3 0 
Dahlia, 12 bunches .. 3 0 6 0 
Eueharis. per dozen .. 3 0 6 0 
Forget-me-not,12 bun. 2 0 4 0 
Gardenias, 12 blooms. 16 4 0 
Gladiolus, 12 sprays .06 16 
Heliotropes, 12 sprays 0 6 10 
Lapageria, 12 blooms 10 2 0 
Lavender, 12 bunches 3 0 4 6 
Lilium longiflorum, 
12 blooms 3 0 5 0 
Lilium speciosum, 
12 blooms 1 0 3 01 
s.d. s.d. 
Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 0 6 0 
Mignonette, 12 bun. 10 2 0 
Pansies, doz. hunch. 10 2 0 
Pelargoniums,12spys. 0 6 10 
— scarlet, 12sprays.. 3 0 6 0 
Pinks, 12 bunches ..3 0 6 0 
Poppies, 12 hunches 4 0 6 0 
Primula, double, bun. 0 9 10 
Pyrethrums, 12 bun.. 2 0 4 0 
Roses (colrd.) 12 bun. 2 0 4 0 
■— Tea per dozen 0 6 16 
— Red.perdoz. 0 6 10 
— Saffrano .. per doz. 0 6 0 9 
Stephanotis,12 sprays 3 0 4 0 
Sunflower, 12hunches 3 0 9 0 
Sweet Peas, 
12 bunches 2 0 4 0 
Sweet Sultan, 
12 hunches 2 0 4 0 
Tuberoses, per dozen. 0 4 0 9 
Violets ..12 hunches 10 16 
— Parme, French, 
12 hunches 3 0 4 0 
Out Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s.d. s.d. 
4 0 
1 6 
1 0 
CONTENTS. 
PAGE 
Amateurs’ Garden. 70 
Aster Townshendi. 71 
Beet, a new. 72 
Cannas, new. 71 
Carnarvon, notes from_ 64 
Carnations, new. 6S 
Chrysanthemum notes .... 66 
Chrysanthemums, early 
flowering . 67 
Conifer, Dimorphic . 72 
Crinum Powelli .. 72 
Dahlias, autumn. 63 
Dahlias at Salisbury. 70 
Dahlias, decorative and 
Cactus . 6S 
Eueomis punctata. 71 
Flowers for the Sick. 64 
Fruit, cold storage of 72 
PAGE 
Fruit Culture for profit .. 69 
Fruit culture, extension of 71 
Fruit notes . 71 
Gardeners' Calendar . 72 
Gas and Plants . 64 
Harvest Festivals . 63 
Horticultural Societies .... 73 
Irish notes . 66 
Lobelia cardinalis . 63 
Lobelia Tupa . 72 
L’Orchidienne . 65 
Melon Glenhurst Perfection 71 
Orchid notes . 73 
Pinks, the Florists’ Laced 6S 
Raspberries, notes on .... 70 
Rose Culture . 65 
Savoy, Reading Express .. 71 
Scottish notes . 67 
SITUATIONS WANTED. 
W ANTED by Practical Man, Situation as 
Foreman or Manager of Market Garden, well up in 
budding, pruning, propagating, and grafting of fruit trees, and 
packing of fruit or vegetables.—Address, GARDENER, at Office 
of The Gardening World. 
S ECRETARYSHIP or other Evening Em¬ 
ployment wanted by one engaged in horticultural business. 
Experienced Bookkeeper and good writer.— ACCOUNTANT, 
The Gardening World Office, 17, Catherine Street, Covent 
Garden. 
