122 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
October 20, 1888. 
National Chrysanthemum. —October 10th. 
At the meeting of the Floral Committee of this society 
on Wednesday of the above date the exhibits were very 
few compared with those of the Chrysanthemum and 
Dahlia Show on the 12th and 13th of September ; but 
this, of course, might be anticipated. The largest 
exhibit consisted of a stand containing nine varieties 
of Japanese Chrysanthemums, shown by Mr. Robert 
Owen, Floral Nursery, Maidenhead. These were 
Mons. William Holmes, crimson, reflexed ; M. Leveque, 
pink ; James Salter, soft pink ; Miss Burgess, pale 
rose ; Rose Beauty, quilled rose ; M. Doboul, pink, 
tipped white ; William Cobbett, soft rose-pink ; Edwin 
Molyneux, crimson and yellow reverse; and Sam 
Henshaw, rose-red, with a creamy white reverse tinted 
blush. All the blooms were in excellent condition, 
and may be considered amongst the earliest of the 
Japanese kinds. He also showed a rosy purple new 
incurved variety named Geo. Addison, for which a vote 
of thanks was awarded. A similar award was made to 
Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, Kent, for a 
quantity of double blooms of tuberous Begonias in 
yellow, scarlet, pink, blush, and white shades. They 
also exhibited leaves of Cannell’s select ornamental 
Beet (Beta chiliensis), the petioles of which were broad 
and flat, and crimson, scarlet, rose, pink, white, striped, 
and yellow in various shades. 
-- 
PRUNUS PISSARDI. 
Among hardy ornamental trees this line species from 
Japan holds a high place. The wood and leaves alike 
are of a deep claret-purple colour. Equal to the purple 
Beech, it opens of a good colour, and retains the hue 
until the autumn frosts cause the leaves to drop. So 
valuable is it that it received two Certificates of Merit 
from the Royal Horticultural Society—one for its 
foliage and the other for its flowers. The last-named 
specimen was brought up from that Eden among 
nurseries—the Coombe Wood Nurseries of Messrs. 
James Yeitch & Sons. The tree is quite hardy, and it 
stands in good condition alike in the north as in the 
south of England ; but it is. only in highly favourable 
positions that enjoyment of its blossoms can be expected. 
It flowers very early in the spring, and therefore is in 
great danger of having its floral beauty destroyed by 
late frosts. Therefore I recommend that specimens 
intended to flower should be lifted and put into pots, 
and have the shelter of a cool greenhouse or conservatory, 
for then its harvest of flowers can be enjoyed without 
fear of blemish. I have a specimen in a pot that has 
grown well, and has been an object of great interest in 
my forecourt garden all the summer. It is now housed 
in a cool greenhouse for the winter, and 1 hope it will 
bloom pleasantly in the spring. The summer beauty 
of its foliage is well-nigh gone, for the leaves are falling 
fast.— R D. 
-=«**<«-- 
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 
Walnuts and Filberts.— H. G.: The preservation of home¬ 
grown Walnuts will, we fear, be a difficult matter this year, 
inasmuch as they have not in many cases ripened well, and the 
kernel is far from being so plump as it should be. However, 
the best method of procedure is to thoroughly dry the nuts in 
an airy shed or loft, so as to get rid of all external moisture; 
then pack them in jars, boxes, or something of that kind, 
placing a layer of dry sand between each tier of nuts, after first 
having dried the sand, if need be, in an oven. Put the boxes, 
&c., in a dry but cool place until required for use, when a 
quantity may be taken out and steeped for half-an-hour or so in 
water, to which a small quantity of salt has been added. By 
this means they will keep plump and fresh provided they are 
good when stored. 
Pears Cracking. — P . Haddon: Your Pears are very badly 
affected with Fusicladium pyrinum, a variety of Cladosporium 
dendriticum, a fungus that attacks the leaves as well. Apples 
are also very frequently attacked by the typical form and often 
seriously injured. If the characteristic spots are not very 
numerous the fruits may be spoiled in appearance but will not 
crack. In the specimen before us, however, the affected spots 
are so numerous as to coalesce, forming broad patches. When 
this happens in the early part of the season, before the fruits 
attain full size, they are unable to swell, owiDg to the injured 
and dead epidermis, and splitting takes place to such an extent 
as to render the fruits useless, as in your case. When leaves 
shoots and fruit are affected in this way, the tree becomes un¬ 
healthy. No cure is known, and when trees are badly affected 
the only course that remains is to destroy all affected fruit, 
uproot and burn them. By lifting the trees, if not too old, and 
replanting them in fresh turfy soil, they are enabled sometimes 
to overcome the disease by making strong healthy growth. 
Pentstemons.— J. C.: In the southern and more favoured 
parts of Britain a great many of these prove quite hardy, but as 
a rule the more tender of them succumb in any part of the 
country in severe winters. The best plan is to take cuttings 
during August and September and root them in pots, they can 
then be easily preserved in large numbers in a cold frame. After 
the weather becomes fairly warm in spring, say during April or 
May, these rooted cuttings should be planted about a foot apart 
in well-prepared beds or borders; they soon grow away and 
form much better plants than old specimens do. If, however, 
you have prepared no cuttings and must protect the old plants, 
you could put them in pots or boxes and place them in a cold 
frame, matting it up during severe frost. 
Grub on Pear.— P . Haddon : Your Pear tree is attacked with 
slug-worms, which are the grubs or larvie of Eriocapsa limacina, 
a species of saw-fly. The name slug-worm is derived from the 
resemblance of the grubs in the earlier stages to a slug, due to the 
presence of a black slimy secretion on the body. At the last 
moulting this outer coat is thrown off and the grubs are pale in 
colour, almost white. The best remedy to use is Hellebore 
powder mixed in water, and to apply it to the trees affected 
with grubs through the rose of a watering pot. They soon leave 
the trees after this time and take to the soil, where they 
hibernate till the spring. By removing the first 3 ins. or 4 ins. 
of soil and burning it, or carting it a long distance from any 
fruit trees, you would be able to get rid of the pest. Burning, 
however, is the surest remedy. The flies themselves, however, 
are very sluggish, and may be shaken from the foliage of the 
tree on to a white cloth and destroyed in great numbers, as they 
feed on the trees in summer. 
Mealy Bug on Vines. — B. and H.: A composition in which 
gas-tar plays the most prominent part has been found a very 
effectual remedy by many growers ; gas-tar can be bought at any 
manufactory at a very cheap rate per gallon. Take a quantity 
of clay, rub it down fine and pass through a J-in. mesh sieve 
and add one part of the gas-tar to three of the clay; knead them 
together till thoroughly incorporated and then add water till • 
the mixture becomes as thin as cream. Hot water answers the 
purpose best, by causing the ingredients to mix well. The 
mixture will keep for weeks and only requires stirring up before 
use. Scrub your Vines after pruning with soft soap and water, 
using a hard brush, then wash them by syringing and afterwards 
paint. Give the Vines a thorough cleansing with water mixed 
with petroleum, and whitewash the walls. 
Names of Fruits.— G. C. C.: Pear Beurre Bachelier. G. 
Bartle: 1 , 10, Williams’ Bon Chretien ; 2, Windsor ; 3, Autumn 
Bergamot; 4, Beurre Bachelier; 5,11, 12, not known; 6 , 7, 13, 
Beurre Diel; 9, Van Mons. Leon Le Clerc. 
Names of Plants. — C. A. G.: The plant looks like a seedling 
of the Evening Primrose, (Enothera biennis, grown in a dry 
place. TV. Stirling: 1, Pyrus fennica, also known as P. pinnati- 
fida ; 2, Claytonia sibirica ; 3, Zygopetalum Mackayi. O.P. : l, 
Chrysanthemum uliginosum ; 2, Aster Novae Angliae ; 3, Aster 
acris ; 4, Solidago ; 5, Helianthns decapetalus multiflorus pleno. 
Fruit next week. H. R. M.: 1, Aster Novi-Belgii var.; 2, Aster 
Linosyris, also known as Linosyris vulgaris; 3, Linaria triorni- 
thophora; 4, Achillea ptarmica flore pleno; 5, Impatiens 
Roylei; 6, Alyssum maritimum variegatum. A. L.: 1, Crataegus 
pyracantha; 5, Viburnum lantana; 3, Symphoricarpus race- 
mosus. 
TKADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
G. Bunyard & Co., The Old Nurseries, Maidstone.—Descrip¬ 
tive Catalogue of Fruit Trees. 
G. Cooling & Sons, Bath.—Roses, Fruit Trees, &c. 
-->X<-- 
THE WEATHER. 
At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean reading 
of the barometer during the week ending October 13 was 
29 ’89 in. ; the highest reading was 30’04 in. on Monday 
morning, and the lowest 29.70 in. on Saturday morning. 
The mean temperature of the air was 45 ‘0°, and 7 "2° 
below the average in the corresponding weeks of the 
twenty years ending 1868. The mean was consider¬ 
ably below the average throughout the week ; the 
coldest days being Sunday and Monday. The direction 
of the wind was variable, and the horizontal movement 
of the air averaged 9’3 miles per hour, which was 
0 ’9 of a mile below the average in the corresponding 
weeks of sixteen years. Rain fell on Friday to the 
amount of 0 ’02 of an inch. The duration of registered 
bright sunshine in the week was 24’6 hours, against 
3 4’8 hours at Glynde Place, Lewes. 
-->X<«- 
LONDON SEED TRADE. 
October 1 0th. 
Messrs. Hubst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, and 39, 
Seed Market, Mark Lane, London, report a good 
speculative trade being done in Clovers. Pricesjkeep 
very firm. American Red Clover is again dearer* and 
large quantities have been bought. There are no new 
samples of English Red Clovers in the market yet. 
The new samples of Trefoil are very inferior in colour. 
Tares are firm, with a little better trade doing. Hemp 
and Linseed are dearer, and other Bird Seeds unchanged. 
Blue Peas are dearer. 
->X<- 
OOVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
October 17 th. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s.d. s.d. 
Apples, J-sieve. 2 0 4 6 
Cobs_per 100 lbs. 65 0 70 0 
Grapes .per lb. OS 2 6 
Melons. 10 3 0 
Pine-apples, St. s.d. 
Michaels, each .... 20 
Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 1 6 
Plums, J-sieve . 2 6 
Peaches.perdoz 2 0 
s.d. 
5 0 
2 0 
4 0 
5 0 
Vegetables.—Average Retail Prices. 
s.d. s.d. : s.d. s.d. 
Artichokes, Globe,doz. 3 0 6 0 Horse Radish, bundle 3 0 5 0 
Beans, French, per lb. 0 6 Lettuces .. per dozen 2 0 3 0 
Beet, per dozen. 2 0 3 0 Mushrooms, p. basket 0 9 13 
Cabbages_per doz. 1 6 Onions, per bushel .. 7 0 9 0 
Carrots, New,per bun. 0 6 I Parsley, per bunch ..0 6 
Cauliflowers, English, ! Radishes, per dozen.. 1 6 
per dozen . 30 4 0 Small salading,punnet 0 4 
Celery, per bundle ..20 Spinach, per strike ..20 
Cucumbers, each_ 0 6 0 9; Tomatos, per lb.09 
Endive, French, doz. 2 6 3 6, Turnips, per bun.0 6 
Herbs, per bunch_ 0 2 0 4 
Potatos.- Kent Regents, 80s. to 100s. per ton; Kent Kidneys. 
80s. to 100s. per ton ; Champions, 70s. per ton. 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s.d. s.d. s.d. s.d. 
Aralia Sieboldi, doz.. 6 0 18 o Foliage Plants, vari- 
^ters .perdoz. 5 0 10 0 ous, each. 2 0 10 0 
Chrysanthemums, Ficus elastica each.. 16 7 0 
per dozen . 4 0 9 0 Fuchsia, per doz. 3 0 6 0 
— large plants .. each 2 0 5 0 Hydrangea, per doz.. 9 0 IS 0 
Cockscomb, per dozen 3 0 6 0 Liliums, var., doz. IS 0 30 0 
Coleus ....... per doz. 2 0 4 0 Marguerites perdoz. 6 0 12 0 
Cyperus, ..per dozen 4 0 12 0 Mignonette ..per doz. 3 0 6 0 
Dracaena term., doz. 30 0 60 0 Palms in variety, each 2 6 21 0 
— vindis, per dozen 12 0 24 0 Pelargoniums,scarlet, 
Evergreens, in var., per dozen . 20 60 
per dozen . 6 0 24 0 Solanums.... per doz. 9 0 15 0 
Ferns, in var., per doz. 4 0 18 0 
Cut Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s.d. s.d. 
Asters, doz. hunches 6 0 9 0 
— (French), 1 bunch 16 2 6 
Bouvardias, per bun. 0 6 10 
Camellias, 12 blooms 3 0 4 6 
Carnations, 12 blooms 10 2 0 
Chrysanthemums 
annual, 12 bunches 2 0 4 0 
Chrysanthemums, 
12 blooms 10 6 0 
— 12 bunches . 6 0 12 0 
Cornflower, 12 bunch. 16 3 0 
Eucharis. per dozen.. 3 0 6 0 
Gardenias, 12 blooms. 16 4 0 
Gladiolus, 12 sprays . 3 0 6 0 
Heliotropes, 12 sprays 0 6 10 
Lapageria, 12 blooms 2 0 4 0 
s.d. s.d. 
Lilitun longiflorum, 
12 blooms 5 0 9 0 
Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 0 6 0 
Mignonette, 12 bun. 2 0 4 0 
Pelargoniums, 12 spys. 10 16 
— scarlet, 12sprays.. 0 4 0 9 
Primula, double, bun. 0 9 10 
Pyrethrmns, 12 bun.. 2 0 4 0 
Roses, Tea, per dozen 0 6 16 
— Red.perdoz. 0 6 10 
— Saffrano .. per doz. 10 16 
Stephanotis ,12 sprays 4 0 6 0 
Tuberoses, per dozen. 0 6 10 
Violets ..12 bunches 10 16 
— Panne, French, 
12 bunches 3 S 4 0 
— dark French, bun. 16 2 6 
CONTENTS 
PAGE 
Adiantum Farleyense .... 117 
Annuals.114 
Anthracite Coal. 120 
Apples for profit. 119 
Apple growing, starting in. 112 
Asters, perennial . 120 
Begonia Froebelii . 120 
British Fruit Growers’ 
Association. 120 
Carnation Germania. 116 
Cattleya Dowiana..... 121 
Chelsea, a new rockery at.. 121 
Chiswick Fruit Show .... Ill 
Chrysanthemum Donee .. 113 
,, La Petite Marie. 113 
„ notes . 113 
,, September.113 
,, shows. 112 
,, tube, Lindsay's. 113 
Crystal Palace Fruit Show 121 
Dahlias, decorative . 116 
Diantlius hybridus Napo¬ 
leon III. ’. 120 
Drumartin . 114 
page 
Eucharis mite. 120 
Fareham Nurseries, the .. 116 
Fruit farming, profitable.. 114 
Gardeners’ Calendar. 121 
Gishurstine. 112 
Gooseberry growing in the 
Fens . 114 
Horticultural Societies .. 121 
Lindsay, the late Mr. 112 
Lobelia cardinalis. llfi 
National Chrysanthemum 
Society. 130 
Orchids at Walton Grange 121 
Oswald House, Edinburgh 115 
Passiflora coerulea. 114 
Physianthus grandiflorus.. 120 
Pyrethrum uliginosum.... 120 
Scotland, a holiday trip to 115 
Split-pod Carnation. llfi 
United Horticultural Bene¬ 
fit and Provident Society 112 
Vanda coerulea . 121 
Violets in frames . 116 
Weather Notes in Scotland 112 
INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. 
Auction Sales. 
Protheroe & Morris 
J. C. Stevens . 
Books and Publications. 
“Fowls” . 123 
Bulbs. 
Barr & Son . 109 
Collins Bros. & Gabriel... 123 
Dickson’s Limited. Ill 
Garraway & Co. 123 
W. B. Hartland . 109 
P. McArthur . 109 
Hopwood & Son. 109 
Oakshott & Millard . 110 
Ant. Roozen & Sons. Ill 
R. Silberrad & Son. 109 
R. Smith & Co. 110 
B. Soddy . Ill 
Sutton & Sons. '109 
R. Sydenham . 109 
J. Veitch & Sons. Ill 
Watkius & Simpson .... Ill 
E. Webb & Sons. Ill 
Catalogue. 
Ryder & Son . 123 
Clematis. 
R. Smith & Co. 109 
Creepers for Walls. 
R. Smith & Co. 109 
Ferns. 
W. & J. Birkenhead. 124 
E. Van de Meersch . 109 
Florists Flowers. 
H. J. Chandler . Ill 
E. S. Dodwell. Ill 
G. Davidson. Ill 
R. B. Laird & Sons . 109 
Robert Lord. Ill 
R. W. Proctor. ill 
G. Stevens . 109 
J. W. Galvin. 109 
Turner .. 109 
Fruit Trees. 
G. Bunyard & Co. 109 
John Laing & Son. 109 
H. Merryweather . 109 
R, Smith & Co. Ill 
Fruit Trees & Roses. 
J. Le Cornu & Son. 110 
T. Rivers & Son. Ill 
Garden Cutlery. 
J. Taylor & Son. 109 
Garden Sundries, &c. 
B. Field. 110 
Greenhouse Plants, &e. 
E. Van der Meersch . 109 
C. Vuylsteke . Ill 
Glass. 
J. B. Robinson . 124 
Heating Apparatus. 
Jones & Attwood . 124 
T. Jones & Sons. 109 
Thames Bank Iron Co.... 124 
C. Toope & Co. 109 
Herbaceous Plants, page 
R. Smith & Co. 123 
Horticultural Builders. 
J. Boyd.& Sons . 109 
H. Hope . 109 
J. Horley. 109 
A. Peel & Sons . 109 
W. Richardson & Co. ... 109 
W. G. Smith & Co.. 123 
J. Weeks & Co. 109 
Insecticides. 
Bridgford’s Antiseptic ... 109 
Fir-tree Oil . . 124 
Gishurst Compound. 109 
Landscape Gardening. 
J. Munro . 109 
Lily of the VaUey. 
J. Jannoch .j. m 
Manures. 
“Standen’s” . 109 
W. H. Beeson. 109 
W. Thomson & Sons. 109 
Miscellaneous. 
Birkbeck Bank . 123 
Epps’s Cocoa . 124 
Gishurstine. 109 
Harrison’s Knitter. 124 
Smyth’s Orchid Baskets 109 
Schweitzer’s Cocoatina... 123 
Mushroom Spawn. 
Wm. Cutbush & Son. 124 
B. S. Williams. 124 
Orchids. 
G. W. Dutton. 109 
W. Gordon . no 
Liverpool Horticultural 
Co. 110 
P. McArthur . 109 
Stamper . 100 
Stevenson. 109 
Plants, Miscellaneous. 
Casbon & Co. . no 
Rf/ses. 
li. English . 109 
Liverpool Horticultural 
Company. no 
R. Smith & Co. no 
J. Walters. 109 
Seeds. 
Hooper & Co. 124 
Situations. 
Wanted. 123 
Societies’ Announce¬ 
ments. 110 
Strawberries. 
R. Smith & Co. 124 
Trees and Shrubs, &c. 
R. Smith & Co . 109 
Wreaths. 
Pettener & Stagg . 109 
page 
110 
110 
