202 
THE GAKDENING WORLD 
November 24, 1881?. 
Thames Ditton, took the second. The prizes were 
offered by B. Hardy, Esq. Prizes were offered by 
Messrs. Fromow & Sons for Primulas ; and Mr. C. J. 
"Waite was first; Mr. Hucklebv, gardener to B. Hardy, 
Esq., was second. 
In the cut-flower classes Mrs. S. A. Lee offered prizes 
for twenty-four blooms : Mr. E. Coombs, gardener to 
"W. Furze, Esq., Teddington, took the first, his Empress 
of India and Boule d’Or being fine ; Mr. C. J. Waite 
was second. Prizes were offered by W. E. Tautz, Esq., 
for twelve and six Japanese, and Mr. J. Munro, gardener 
to E. J. D. Paul, Esq., Twickenham, had the best 
twelve, while Mr. W. Palmer had the best six. J. R. 
Starling, Esq., offered prizes for twelve incurved 
varieties, and the first was carried off by E. Sanderson, 
Esq., St. Mary’s Road, Willesden; Mr. E. Coombs 
was second. Mr. C. J. Waite had the best six reflexed 
varieties, and was followed by Mr. E. Coombs. 
E. Sanderson, Esq., had the best incurved 
of one kind ; while Messrs. Fromow & Sons 
had the best Japanese of one kind. The best single 
Chrysanthemums were shown by Mr. E. Chadwick, 
gardener to E. M. Nelson, Esq., Hanger Hill, Ealing; 
and he had the best bouquet, while Mr. A. Wright 
■was a good second. The best six varieties of Pompons 
were shown by Mr. E. Coombs. Mr. C. J. Waite took 
all the first prizes for fruit ; Mr. J. Hudson, gardener 
to H. J. Atkinson, Esq., Gunnersbury House, being 
second for Apples ; Mr. A. Wright second for Pears ; 
and Mr. C. Padley, gardener to R. L. Cosh, Esq., 
Chiswick, was second for Grapes. Mr. C. J. Waite 
had the best collection of vegetables, his Cauliflowers 
being especially fine. He also took the first prize for 
Carrots offered by Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Reading, and 
the first for Primulas, offered by the same firm. 
A fine group of Chrysanthemums was shown in the 
miscellaneous class by Mr. May, gardener to the 
Marquis of Bute. A splendidly-coloured group of 
Crotons was shown by Messrs. W. Fromow & Sons, and 
they had also a group of Orchids, including Odonto- 
glossums, Cypripediums, &c. Mr. C. Cowley, gardener 
to F. G. Tautz, Esq., showed a group of Cypripedium 
insigne. Messrs. Charles Lee & Son, Hammersmith, 
showed a large collection of Apples and Pears, including 
Stirling Castle, Warner’s King, &e., amongst the 
former, and Beurre Clairgeau and Beurre Diel amongst 
the latter. Alicante, Gros Colmar, and Alnwick Seed¬ 
ling Grapes were shown by the Royal Horticultural 
Society. 
-- 
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 
California. —Could any of your readers tell me what is the 
average wage paid to gardeners in California, and generally say 
what encouragement is there for an English or Scotch gardener 
to go out ?— J. S., Aberdeen. 
Autumn-flowering Bulb. — C. Colder: The plant you refer 
to was no doubt Colchicum autumnale, and not a Crocus at all. 
The flowers are similar in shape but larger, with long pale purple 
segments. The conns naturally flower in September, and may 
often be seen in the windows of seedsmen or bulb merchants, 
flowering without being in either soil or water. The leaves are 
produced during autumn and winter, dying down in summer, 
after which the plants rest till August or September, when 
flowers are thrown up unaccompanied by leaves. When lifted 
and exhibited as you mention, the flowers are developed at the 
expense of the corms, which will therefore suffer exhaustion to 
some extent. If, however, they are afterwards planted, they 
may, and often do, flower the succeeding autumn, but the flowers 
are not so large. 
Ribston Pippin Apple .—Henry Catto: There is probably 
something wrong with the roots of your trees. They have either 
got doivn into an uncongenial sub-soil, which may either be badly 
drained, or is thin and gravelly. In either of these eases the trees 
would be less productive than they were wont to be. We should 
advise you to lift them, and see in what state the roots are, 
or whether the soil is in bad condition. In planting, keep the 
roots near the surface, and in covering them up, supply a good 
quantity of fresh soil. Turves from an old pasture are very 
suitable, or in their absence good fibrous soil of any kind will 
give them a fresh start. Cut away or dress damaged roots with 
a sharp knife. Mulch with good farmyard manure, and finally 
stake the trees. A heavy rather than a light soil generally gives 
the best results with this excellent old kind ; and in your 
northern locality, better quality produce would be obtained from 
wall trees than from standards or pyramids. 
Grub on Cauliflower Roots. — Al. Buckland: The grubs affect¬ 
ing your Cauliflowers are the larvse of the Cabbage Gall Weevil 
(Centorrynchus sulcicollis), a small and brightly coloured beetle. 
It is difficult to exterminate when prevalent in some gardens, and 
seems more destructive in some seasons than others ; although 
it must be remembered that clubbing in Cabbages and allied 
plants is often due to a fungus, namely, Plasmodiophora 
Brassiese. At planting time see that the roots are not already 
affected, and if so remove the gall containing the white grub. 
As a preventative mix equal parts of soot and slaked lime, and 
after inserting the plants with a trowel scatter a little of the 
mixture into the hole before filling it up. You may also try 
carbolic acid, mixing an ounce with two gallons of soap suds, 
and adding sufficient loam or clay till the mixture becomes pasty. 
Dip the roots of your plants in the mixture before planting, and 
it will tend greatly to keep the insect at bay. 
The Tree Tomato. — J. R. K.: Your experience is similar to 
that of many other growers who have undertaken the cultivation 
of the so-called tree Tomato (Cyphomandra betacea). It is allied 
to the true Tomato certainly, but being a shrubby plant it will 
not flower or fruit the first year from seed. It might do so if 
raised from cuttings, but it will not bear in any abundance till 
it attains some 4 ft. or 5 ft. high, and becomes woody ; nor 
should it be hard cut down in winter, otherwise it will grow 
strong, producing large leaves, but wiil not flower. It is a native 
of south Brazil, and although it likes a rather high temperature 
in the seedling or early stages, it will grow and fruit freely 
enough in a greenhouse temperature, when it attains some size. 
If afforded plenty of room, it will ultimately attain a height of 
12 ft. to 14 ft. 
Nitrate of Soda. — /, King: Yes; although this is fre¬ 
quently employed for farm crops, especially cereals, it may also 
be applied with profit to various garden crops. It is a powerful 
manure, and should be evenly and very thinly scattered over the 
soil just when the crops are becoming established and ready to 
utilise it. Being extremely soluble in water, and easily -washed 
out of the soil by rains, it should not be applied when the soil 
is dug either in the autumn or winter. The valuable part con¬ 
sists of the nitrogen it contains, and its effects are therefore 
similar to those of ammonia. It takes effect rapidly, but cannot 
be considered in any sense a lasting manure. 
Edelweiss. — A. Brooks: Damp rather than frost is the cause 
of this plant being difficult to preserve in our climate, as it is a 
native of Alpine districts, where it is kept at rest by extreme 
cold, when it would also be comparatively dry. "Whether you 
plant it out of doors, or preserve it in pots in a cold frame, your 
endeavour should be to keep it dry, cool, and at rest. In light 
sandy soil it sometimes stands the winter very well out of doors 
without any special preparation, but it will generally succeed 
better with its roots inserted amongst stones on rockwork. 
Tea Roses for Rose House. — II. Wallis: For pot culture, 
Niphetos (white),Catherine Mermet (flesh-coloured), Devoniensis 
(pale yellow), Safrano fpale buff), Souvenir d'un Ami (salmon), 
Madame Lambard (salmony red and very fine in bud), Innocente 
Pirola (creamy white), Comtesse de Nadaillac (rose flesh), and 
Isabella Sprunt (sulphur-yellow), are all excellent kinds, afford¬ 
ing great variety, and admirably adapted for forcing. A larger 
number might be named, but the above will be quite sufficient 
to commence with. Where plenty of space can be afforded, the 
following are suitable kinds for training to wires near the glass, 
namely, Cheshunt Hybrid (cherry-carmine), Climbing Devoni¬ 
ensis (yellow), Gloire de Dijon (yellow, shaded salmon), and the 
Noisette Marechal Niel (the best of all yellows). 
Names of Plants. — E. Searles: 1, Dracaena terminalis; 2, 
Croton aDgustifolium, probably; 3, Pandanus graminifolius; 
4, Eulalia japonica variegata. J. T. : With so many hundreds 
of varieties in cultivation it is quite impossible for us to name 
Chrysanthemums, and especially poorly grown ones. Sorry we 
cannot oblige you. Consto.nt Subscriber, Malvern: Not 
Catshead, but Costard; one of the oldest English Apples. 
loco: 1 , Autumn Bergamot; 2, Beurre Bose ; 3, Chau- 
montelle. A. S.: Doyenne du Cornice Pear, and Apple 
Northern Greening. W. C. : Your Apple looks like the Here¬ 
fordshire cider variety, Foxwhelp, but we cannot be certain of 
it from a single specimen. J. T. P.: Doyenne Gris. 
Communications Received. —G. C. (many thanks).—R. M.— 
M. T. M.—C. G.—R. B. L—E. R. C.—J. H. W.—S. C.—F. C.— 
B. L.—Sold. 
-- 
TEADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
Thames Bank Iron Co., Upper Ground Street, S.E.—Horti¬ 
cultural Boilers, Hot-water Pipes, and all kinds of Fittings, 
Sanitary Castings, &c. 
Plants in Pots.—Average Who lesale Prices. 
LONDON SEED TRADE. 
November 20th. 
Messrs. Hup,st & Son, 152, Houndsditch, and 39, 
Seed Market, Mark Lane, London, report Clover seeds 
firm, but with very little business doing. Hew Spring 
Tares are offering, but find no buyers, as sellers ask 
high prices. Mustard and Rape are dearer. Canary, 
Hemp, and Linseed steady. Fine samples of Blue 
Peas realise higher prices. 
-- 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
November 21st. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s.d. 
Apples, J-sieve. 2 0 
Cobs .. per 100 lbs. 100 0 
Grapes .per lb. 0 S 
Melons. 1 0 
s.d. 
4 6 
2 6 
2 0 
Pine-apples, St. s.d. 
Michaels, each .... 20 
Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 1 6 
Peaches.perdoz 2 0 
Canadian and Nova Scotia Apples, per barrel, 10s. to 22s. 
Vegetables.—Average Retail Prices. 
Artichokes, Globe,doz. 3 
Beans, French, per lb. 1 
Beet, per dozen. 2 
Cabbages_per doz. 1 
Carrots .... per hunch 0 
Cauliflowers, English, 
s.d. s.d. i s.d. 
0 6 0 Horse Radish, bundle 3 0 
6 i Lettuces ..per dozen 2 0 
0 3 0 Mushrooms, p. basket 1 0 
6 , Onions, per bushel ..70 
6 i Parsley, per bunch ..06 
s.d. 
7 0 
2 0 
S 0 
s.d. 
s.d. 
Aralia Sieboldi, doz.. 6 0 
Arum Lilies..per doz. 9 0 
Chrysanthemums, 
per dozen . 4 0 
— large plants ..each 2 0 
Cockscomb, per dozen 
Coleus.per doz. 2 0 
Cyclamen ..perdoz, 12 0 
Cyperns, ..per dozen 4 0 
Dracsena term., doz. 30 0 
— viridis, per dozen 12 0 
Evergreens, in var., 
per dozen . 6 0 
Ferns,in var.,perdoz. 4 0 
s.d. : s.d. s.d. 
18 0 Foliage Plants, vari- 
18 0 ous, each. 2 0 10 0 
Ficus elastica each.. 16 7 0 
9 0 Fuchsia, per doz. 3 0 6 0 
5 0 Marguerites perdoz. 6 0 12 0 
Palms in variety, each 2 6 21 0 
4 0 Pelargoniums,scarlet, 
18 0 per dozen . 20 60 
12 0 Primula sinensis, 
60 0 per doz. 4 0 6 0 
24 0 | Roman Hyacinths, 
per doz. 9 0 12 0 
24 0 Solanums_perdoz. 9 0 15 0 
18 0 ! 
Out Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s.d. s.d. 
Asters, doz. hunches 6 0 9 0 
Azaleas ....12 sprays 10 2 0 
Bouvardias, per bun. 0 6 10 
Camellias, 12 blooms 3 0 4 0 
Carnations, 12 blooms 10 2 0 
Chrysanthemums, 
12 blooms 10 4 
— 12 hunches . 4 0 12 
Cornflower, 12 hunch. 
Cyclamen.. 12 blooms 0 6 
Eucharis, per dozen.. 3 0 
Gardenias, 12 blooms. 2 0 
Heliotropes, 12 sprays 0 6 
Lapageria, 12 blooms 2 0 
Lilium longiflorum, 
12 blooms 5 0 
Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 0 
s.d. s.d. 
Mignonette, 12 bun. 2 0 4 0 
Paper White Narciss, 
12 sprays 0 9 10 
Pelargoniums, 12 spys. 10 16 
— scarlet, 12sprays.. 0 4 0 9 
Primula, double, bun. 0 9 10 
Roman Hyacinths, 
12 sprays 10 16 
Roses, Tea, per dozen 0 6 16 
— Red.perdoz. 0 6 10 
— Saffrano ..perdoz. 10 16 
Stephanotis ,12 sprays 6 0 8 0 
Tuberoses, per dozen. 0 6 10 
Violets .. 12 hunches 10 16 
— Parme, French, 
12 hunches 3 6 5 0 
— dark French, bun. 16 ^6 
CONTENTS. 
PAGE 
Amateurs’ Garden. 198 
Amateurs’, hints for. 195 
Ardisia mamillata. 199 
Birds and fruit crops .... 199 
Blackberry and Raspberry 
hybrid . 192 
Boussingaultia baselloides. 199 
Bulbs, the sacrifice of .... 195 
Callicarpa purpurea. 199 
Cattleya Boivringeana .... 199 
Chiswick movement, the.. 191 
Chrysanthemums, a chat 
about. 196 
Chrysanthemums at Chis¬ 
wick .196 
Chrysanthemum centenary 191 
Chrysanthemum shows 
Fruit culture for profit... 
Fruit notes . 
Fruit tree growth . 
Fruit tree planting. 
200 
193 
193 
192 
195 
PAGE 
Gardeners’ Calendar. 200 
Gardeners of the future .. 196 
Irish notes .194 
Lectures on Horticulture.. 192 
Lipparis spicata. 200 
“ Little Nationals,’’the .. 193 
Mulberry, the. 199 
Orchid notes . 199 
Pine Apple, the. 194 
Potatos,protective earthing 
of. 191 
Primroses in November .. 197 
Rhododendron dahuricum. 199 
Rhododendron President.. 197 
Schizostylis coceinea. 193 
Statice Suworowi . 193 
Strawberries, forcing. 195 
Syon House. 19S 
Tree of Heaven . 195 
Vanda coerulea, double_199 
Vineyard at Constantia .. 196 
INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. 
Anthracite. 
W. H. Essery . 
Hockaday & Co. ... 
Auction Sales. 
Protheroe & Morris 
J. C. Stevens . 
Book. 
W, Wood & Son_ 
PAGE 
... 204 
... 1S9 
190 
190 
203 
Bulbs. 
Barr & Son . 190 
W. Bull. 1S9 
189 
1S9 
189 
191 
190 
190 
J. Carter & Co 
W. B. Hartland 
P. McArthur .. 
R. Smith & Co. 
B, Soddy .. 
R. Sydenham .. 
Chrysanthemums. 
H. Cannell & Sons.... 191 
John Laing & Sons . 1S9 
Turner . 1S9" 
Clematis. 
R. Smith & Co. 191 
Creepers for Walls. 
R. Smith & Co. 
1S9 
Cut Flowers, Wreaths, 
&c 
W. Strike. 1S9 
Ferus. 
W. & J. Birkenhead. 203 
J. Turner. 1S9 
E. Van der Meersch . 1S9 
Florists’ Flowers. 
E. S. Dodwell. 203 
G. Davidson. 1S9 
J. W. Galvin .. 1S9 
R. B. Laird & Sons . 1S9 
R. W. Proctor. 191 
Fruit Trees. 
G. Bunyard & Co. 191 
J. Cheal & Sons. 203 
H. Merryweather . 1S9 
R. Smith & Co. 190 
Fruit Trees & Roses. 
J. Le Cornu & Son. 203 
G. Jackman & Son. 1S9 
T. Rivers & Son. 203 
Garden Sundries, &e. 
Brinkworth & Sons . 1S9 
B. Field. 190 
H. G. Smyth . 204 
Greenhouse Plants, &c. 
E. Van der Meersch . 1S9 
3 0 
2 0 
4 0 
Small salading,punnet 0 4 
! Spinach, per strike ..20 
UldoSa 
J. B. Robinson . 
,. 204 
0 6 
0 9 
Tomatos, per lb. ... 
.10 13 
Heating Apparatus. 
2 6 
3 6 
Turnips, per bun. ... 
. 0 6 
Jones & Attwood . 
.. 204 
0 2 
0 4 
1 
J. Jones & Sons. 
.. 1S9 
Celery, per bundle .. 
Cucumbers, each .... 
Endive, French, doz. 
Herbs, per hunch_ 
Potatos.—K ent Regents, 80s. to 100 s. per ton ; Kent Kidneys. 
80s. to 100s. per ton; Champions, 70s. per ton. 
Messenger & Co. 204 
Thames Bank Iron Co.... 204 
C. Toope & Co. 1S9 
Herbaceous Plants, page 
R. Smith & Co. 203 
Horticultural Builders. 
J. Boyd & Sons . 1S9 
James Gray. 1S9 
H. Hope . 204 
J. Horley. 1S9 
A. Peel Sons . 189 
W. Richardson & Co. ... 1S9 
Shepherd & Son. 1S9 
W. G. Smith & Co . 204 
J. Weeks & Co. 1S9 
Insecticides. 
Bridgford’s Antiseptic... 1S9 
Gishurst Compound. 1S9 
Landscape Gardening. 
J. Munro . 1S9 
Manures. 
W. H. Beeson. 1S9 
“Standen’s" . 1S9 
W. Thomson & Sons. 1S9 
Miscellaneous. 
Birkbeck Bank . 203 
Epps’s Cocoa . 204 
Gishurstine . 1S9 
Harrison’s Knitter. 204 
Smyth's Orchid Baskets 1S9 
Schweitzer’s Coeoatina... 203 
Mushroom Spawn. 
Wm. Cutbush & Son. 204 
Orchids. 
Clayton. 1S9 
W. Gordon . 190 
F. Horsman & Co. 1S9 
W. B. Latham . 1S9 
Liverpool Horticultural 
Company. 190 
Hugh Low & Co. 190 
P. McArthur . 1S9 
Potatos. 
Dickson & Robinson. 191 
Roses. 
H. English . 1S9 
Ewing & Co. 204 
C. H. Gorringe . 189 
Liverpool Horticultural 
Company. 190 
S. G. Rumsey. 1S9 
R. Smith & Co. 203 
J. Walters. 1S9 
Stove Plants. 
W. Fisher . 1S9 
Strawberries. 
R. Smith & Co. 190 
Trees and Shrubs, &e. 
J. O. Cooper. 190 
Ewing & Co. 190 
Robert Neal . 190 
R. Smith & Co. 1S9 
