234 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
December S, 1888, 
Bacup. —November 24th. 
The first annual Chrysanthemum exhibition of the 
Bacup Floral aDd Horticultural Society was held in 
the Mechanics Hall, Bacup, and was opened at noon 
by the Ma} r or (Mr. Alderman Shepherd). Over £50 
in prizes were offered, and the show was well patronised 
and a great success. Mr. David Lord, Stacksteads, 
contributed a valuable group of plants, not for 
competition, which included exceptionally fine plants 
of Crotons, Dractenas, Asparagus plumosus nanus, and 
Orchids such as Bleione praecox, Cypripedium Spieer- 
ianum, &c., Cymbidiums, Odontoglossum crispum, and 
others, which were specially commended by the judges, 
aDd were a great attraction to the show. 
AmoDgst exhibitors, Mr. Bell, gardener to Mrs. 
Koundell, Gledstone Hall, Skipton, was highly 
successful in the open class, securing all the first prizes. 
In the local classes, Mr. Wilcox, gardener to J. 
Hargreaves, Esq. ; Mr. J. Ferguson, gardener to E. 
Hoyle, Esq. ; and Mr. H. Stapleton, gardener to 
J. S. Sutcliffe, Esq., were the leading prize-winners. 
In the amateurs’ division, Mr. T. H. Hoyle, Mr. 
J. Hoyle, and Mr. J. Dyson secured the lion’s share of 
the awards. 
Bolton. —November 23 rd and 24th. 
The second show of this society was held in the Town 
Hall, and despite the unfavourable season, the show 
was a very creditable one all round. The main feature 
of the display was the groups in the miscellaneous 
class, of which there were three, Thos. Wilkinson, Esq. 
(gardener, Mr. J. Pountan), taking first honours, with 
a very nice and well-arranged collection ; Mrs. Shaw 
(gardener, Mr. Charles J ones) was a very good second, 
losing only by a few points ; and John Heywood, Esq. 
(gardener, Mr. George Pawson), third. In the class 
for a group of Chrysanthemums there were five entries, 
and here J. Cormrod, Esq. (gardener, Mr. Smith), was 
first, with an extra well-arranged lot of plants ; Mrs. 
Knowles (gardener, Mr. Thomas Hand), being second, 
with nice dwarf well-grown plants very badly arranged ; 
a little taste in the grouping of this lot might have 
changed the judges’ award. Of cut flowers, the twelve 
incurved and twelve Japanese from A. Knowles, Esq. 
(gardener, Mr. George Corbett), were decidedly the 
best, that gentlemen taking first in both classes. His 
finest examples were—Incurved : Ml Desperandum, 
Golden Empress, Queen of England, Lord Alcester, 
Refulgence, Mr. Bunn. Japanese : Madame C. Audi- 
guier, Boule d’Or, Criterion, Yal d’Andorre, Madame 
Lacroix, Maiden’s Blush, and Mons. J. Laing. Some 
good Grapes were also shown by Mrs. Cross (gardener, 
Mr. R. Herd). 
-- 
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 
North Wales and Border Counties 
Bornological.— November 21 st and 22nd. 
The fourth annual exhibition of fruits, flowers and 
vegetables was held in the Public Hall, Wrexham. 
The display of fruit consisted of some 800 dishes of fine 
samples, amongst them being eighty-seven varieties of 
Apples from Mr. Watkins, Withington, near Hereford, 
also a fine collection of Potatos. The Apples were 
very much admired for their beautiful colour and finish. 
Messrs. Dicksons, Limited, Chester, also sent, not for 
competition, a very fine collection of Apples. Mr. 
Farquharson, Acton Nursery, had a very fine table of 
miscellaneous plants and vegetables, including some 
fine Brussels Sprouts, Tomatos, &c., and was awarded 
a First Class Certificate. Messrs. Straclian & Evans, 
nurserymen, Wrexham, staged a very fine lot of plants. 
Grapes were well shown, and for three bunches, Mr. 
Taylor, gardener to J. Jones, Esq., Grove Road, 
Yfrexham, was first with Lady Downes, Alicante, 
and Mrs. Pince’s Black Muscat. Mr. Weir, gardener 
to Sir R. A. Cunliffe, Bart., Acton Park, Wrexham, 
came in second with Golden Queen, Black Hamburgh, 
and Alicante ; Mr. Durward, Pickhill Hall, Wrexham, 
was third. For two bunches, black and white, Mr. 
Weir was first, Mr. Taylor second, and Mr. Durward 
third. For the single white, Mr. Butler was first with 
a very fine bunch of Muscats ; and in the single black 
class Mr. Durward was first. In the competition with 
nine dishes of Pears, Mr. ILanagan, Hooton Hall, was 
first; Mr. Oldfield, Chirk Castle, second; and Mr. 
Farquharson, third. Six dishes of Pears : Mr. Weir 
first ; Mrs. Sykes, Rossett, second ; and Colonel Rigby 
third. There was also a class for twelve single dishes, 
which brought out a keen competition, and in which 
Mr. Hanagan was most successful. 
Dessert Apples, nine dishes : Mr. Hanagan and Mr. 
Oldfield were equal firsts in this class ; and Mr. 
Farquharson, third. Six dishes: Mr. Fletcher, 
Pantyockin, first ; Mr. C. W. Townshend Trevalyn’ 
Rossett, second ; Mr. T. Chitton, The Elms, Gresford, 
third. There were also twelve single dishes, but the 
class on the whole was not so well represented as in 
former years. Culinary Apples, nine dishes: Mr. 
Hanagan, first; Mr. Farquharson, second ; Mr. 
Oldfield, third. Six dishes: Mr. T. Chitton, first ; 
Mr. Fletcher, second; Mr. T. 0. Wright, Gresford 
Bank, third. 
Some fine dishes of Pitmaston Duchess, Duchess de 
Angouleme, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Marie Louise, 
Doyenne du Comice, Beurre Superfin, and Thompson’s 
Pears were shown by Mr. Hanagan, Mr. Weir, Mr. 
Oldfield, and Mr. Farquharson. Of dessert Apples, 
King of the Pippins, Ribston Pippin, Worcester 
Pearmain, Cox’s Orange Pippin, and Mannington’s 
Pearmain were well shown by Mr. Hanagan, Mr. 
Oldfield, and Mr. Farquharson. The best culinary 
Apples were Warner’s King, Lord Suffield, Ecklinville, 
Dumelow’s Seedling, Stirling Castle, and Wareham 
Russett, all splendidly shown by Mr. Hanagan, Mr. 
Farquharson, Mr. Chitton, Mr. Sturton (Erddig), and 
Mr. T. 0. Wright. The amateurs and farmers showed 
well in their respective classes, and also the cottagers. 
Lady Cunliffe, Acton Park, gave away the prizes to the 
successful competitors at 4 o’clock on the second day, 
and in proposing a vote of thanks to her ladyship, 
Mr. T. B. Acton spoke in appreciative terms of the 
good work the society was doing in the district, and 
warmly encouraged the executive to continue their 
labours. Sir Robert Egerton also spoke in favour of the 
extension of hardy fruit culture, and thanked the worthy 
secretary, Mr. Jones, of Gresford, for his valuable 
services to the society. 
-- 
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 
Hybrid Perpetual Roses, &c. — Henry Parker: These Roses 
have been so called because obtained from the Damask Perpetual 
group by hybridising them with Bourbon and Chinese Roses. 
The latter are Rosa indica and R. semperflorens, and from their 
continuous-flowering nature have imparted similar characters to 
most or all other Roses with which they have been hybridised. 
Tea-scented Roses are so called because obtained from rose and 
yellow varieties of R. indica, the flowers of which were con¬ 
sidered to smell like tea. Several species of Pyrus are known as 
Service-trees, but the true Service-tree is Pyrus domestica, 
otherwise known as P. Sorbus. The application of the name 
evidently refers to th» use of the fruit for various purposes. 
That of P. domestica is eaten when in a state of incipient decay, 
like the Medlar. We think the most suitable book for your 
purpose would be Botanical Names for English P^aders, by R. H. 
Alcock, published by L. Reeve & Co., Henrietta Street, Covent 
Garden, London. 
Pelargoniums for Cutting. — G. Downs: For cut-flower 
work a good selection of a dozen would be Volonte Nationale 
alba, Venus, Duchess of Bedford, and Duchess of Edinburgh, all 
whites ; and Madame Thibaut, Triomphe de St. Mande, Capt. 
Raikes, Digby Grand, Fanny (Hayes), Dr. Andry, Dr. Masters, 
and Queen Victoria, coloured varieties. 
Plants for Exhibition.— E. Yeomans: If the requirements 
of the schedule are that distinct varieties only need be shown, 
then you are perfectly safe from disqualification, as the two 
plants concerning which you are most doubtful, are not only 
distinct varieties, but distinct species. They both belong to the 
same genus and there is a certain amount of similarity in the 
two, especially in the flowers, so that the judges might give the 
prize to an exhibit containing more widely distinct plants, that 
is if they were well grown ; but they could certainly not dis¬ 
qualify you. 
Roots of Elms, &c. — Wych Elm: If you have grubbed out 
the larger roots of the tree concerning which you speak, the 
remaining and weaker ones cannot continue to throw up suckers 
for any length of time, provided you vigorously cut away all 
that make their appearance above ground. If allowed to bear 
leaves they will also form fresh roots and strengthen themselves 
underground, giving you no end of trouble. Where crowns or 
nests of suckers occur you might there apply a quantity of salt 
or oil of vitriol, after pulling out shoots that appear above 
ground. Hypericums, such as H. olympicus, will grow in partial 
shade, but they do better in full sun. Some of them succeed 
very well planted on a dry bank; but the above-mentioned 
species and many others repay more liberal treatment. 
Variegated Yellow Rocket.— Henry .Dick : This variety of 
the common Yellow Rocket is very liable to die off, as you say, 
after flowering, and is at best a shorter-lived plant than the 
double form, Barbarea vulgaris flore pleno. The variegated form, 
however, comes very true from seed, and we should advise you 
to leave the ground undug, if possible, where the plant flowered 
and went to seed. Seedlings will no doubt come up in great 
numbers, not only there but in many places where the seeds 
might have been carried over the garden, and can be taken up 
and replanted in convenient or suitable places. 
Names of Fruits. — W. R. C.: Apples: 1, Melon Apple ; 2, 
Minchull Crab. 
Communications Received. —J. W. D.—Rev. W. W.—W. D. 
—J. V.—Chlorophyll.—F. R. S.—C. H. E. (you have not com¬ 
plied with our rules, by giving your name and address)— 
D. P. L. 
TEADE CATALOGUES EECEIVEI). 
R, Gilbert, High Park Gardens, Stamford. — Select Straw¬ 
berries, and Flower and Vegetable Seed Novelties. 
Pctz & Roes, Erfurt, Germany.—Annual Trade Seed List. 
Dickson & Co., 1, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh.—Select Cata¬ 
logues of Fruit Trees and Roses. 
-- 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
December 5th. 
Vegetables.—Average Retail Prices. 
s.d. s.d. | s.d. s.d. 
Artichokes, Globe,doz. 3 0 6 0 Horse Radish, bundle 3 0 5 0 
Beans, French, per lb. 1 6 Lettuces .. per dozen 16 2 0 
Beet, per dozen. 2 0 3 0 Mushrooms, p. basket 10 13 
Cabbages_per doz. 1 6 Onions, per bushel .. 7 0 9 0 
Carrots_per bunch 0 6 Parsley, per bunch ..0 6 
Cauliflowers, English, ! Radishes, per dozen.. 1 6 
per dozen . 20 30 Small salading,punnet 0 4 
Celery, per bundle ..20 Spinach, per strike ..20 
Cucumbers, each_ 0 6 0 9 Tomatos, per lb.10 13 
Endive, French, doz. 2 6 3 6 Turnips, perbun.0 6 
Herbs, per bunch.... 0 2 0 4 
Potatos.— Kent Regents, 80s. to 100s. per ton ; Kent Kidneys. 
SQs. to 100s. per ton ; Champions, 70s. per ton. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s.d. s.d. Pine-apples, St. s.d. s.d. 
Apples, J-sieve. 2 0 4 6 Michaels, each_ 2 0 7 0 
Cobs .. per 100 lbs. 100 0 Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 1 0 16 
Grapes .per lb. 0 10 3 0 ; 
Canadian and Nova Scotia Apples, per barrel, 10s. to ISs. 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s.d. s.d. s.d. s.d. 
Aralia Sieboldi, doz.. 6 0 18 0 Foliage Plants, vari- 
Arum Lilies, .per doz. 9 0 IS 0 ons, each. 2 0 10 0 
Chrysanthemums, Ficus elastica each.. 16 7 0 
per dozen . 40 90 Fuchsia, per doz. 3 0 6 0 
— large plants ..each 2 0 5 0 Marguerites per doz. 6 0 12 0 
Coleus.per doz. 2 0 4 0 Palms in variety, each 2 6 21 0 
Cyclamen ..per doz, 12 0 IS 0 Pelargoniums,scarlet, 
Cyperus, ..per dozen 4 0 12 0 per dozen . 20 60 
Dracaena term., doz. 30 0 60 0 Poinsettia ..per doz. 10 0 15 0 
— viridis, per dozen 12 0 24 0 Primula sinensis,doz. 4 0 6 0 
Evergreens, in var., ' Roman Hyacinths, 
per dozen . 6 0 24 0 ! per doz. 9 0 12 0 
Ferns,in var.,perdcz. 4 0 18 0 Solanums_perdoz. 9 0 15 0 
Out Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s.d. s.d. s.d. s.d. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 3 0 6 0 Paper White-Narciss, 
Azaleas_12 sprays 0 10 1 0 12 sprays 0 9 10 
Bouvardias, per bun. 0 6 10-French, doz. 
Camellias, 12 blooms 2 0 4 0 bunches 2 0 6 0 
Carnations, 12 blooms 1 0 2 0 roinsettia, doz. blms. 4 0 6 0 
Chrysanthemums, Primroses., doz.buns. 10 2 0 
12 blooms 1 0 4 0 Primula, double, bun. 0 9 10 
— 12 bunches . 4 0 12 0 Roman Hyacinths, 
Cornflower, 12 bunch- 12 sprays 10 16 
Cyclamen.. 12 blooms 0 6 10 Roses, Tea, per dozen 10 3 0 
Eucharis, per dozen.. 3 0 6 0 — Red perdoz. 0 6 10 
Gardenias, 12 blooms. 3 0 6 0 —Satfrano ..perdoz. 10 2 0 
Heliotropes, 12 sprays 0 6 10 Stephanotis,12 sprays 6 0 SO 
Lapageria, 12 blooms 2 0 4 0 Tuberoses, per dozen. 0 9 16 
Lilium longiflonim, Violets ..12 bunches 10 1 G 
12 blooms 5 0 9 0 — Parme, French, 
MaidenhairFern,12bns 4 0 9 0 12 bunches 3 6 5 0 
Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 0 6 0 —dark French, bun. 16 2 6 
Mignonette, 12 bun. 2 0 4 0 White Lilac, French, 
Pelargoniums,12spys. 10 16 pel bun. 5 0 7 0 
— scarlet, 12sprays.. 0 4 0 6 
CONTENTS. 
page page 
Aerides Lawrenciae . 232 Gardeners’Orphan Fund.. 224 
Ailanthus glandulosa - 232 : Hanley.230 
Allotments . 223 Irish notes . 227 
Amateurs' Garden. 230 Lselia anceps Araesiana .. 232 
Apples, notes on . 227 National Rose Society .... 228 
Brussels Sprouts at Chis- Orchards, old and new_230 
wick . 22S Orchid notes . 232 
Cattleya Bowringiana vio- Pansies, Fancy . 22S 
lacea . 232 Paraffin in the Garden_229 
Chrysanthemum notes_ 225 Peach lore . 230 
Chrysanthemums, out-door 224 Pelargoniums, Ivy-leaved.. 22S 
Chrysanthemum shows .. 233 Primroses and Polyanthuses 232 
Country Horticultural So- Public Markets . 223 
eieties. 224 Scottish notes. 227 
Cymbidium elegans . 222 Seasonable notes . 22S 
Edinburgh Nurseries _ 226 “ Smoky Jennets ”. 232 
Ferns, variegated . 227 Simmons Court Castle_ 226 
Floriculture. 22S Tulips, border. 223 
Francoa ramosa. 232 Vegetable culture in the 
Fruit notes . 227 south of Ireland. 226 
Gardeners’Calendar. 233 Vegetables,something about 224 
Gardeners of the future .. 225 j Violets, market . 224 
INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. 
Anthracite. 
PAGE 
W. H. Essery . 
. 236 
Hockaday & Co, . 
. 22A 
Auction Sales. 
Protheroe & Morris .... 
. 222 
J. C. Stevens . 
. 222 
Books. 
Garden Annual . 
„ 223 
Sutton & Sons . 
. 221 
Bulbs. 
Barr & Son .. 
. 223 
J. Carter & Co. 
P. McArthur . 
. 221 
R. Sydenham . 
. 221 
Chrysanthemums. 
G. Goodson . 
. 221 
W. Ray & Co. 
. 221 
W. Thompson. 
. 221 
J. Turner .. 
. 221 
Clematis. 
R. Smith & Co. 
. 221 
Creepers for Walls. 
R. Smith & Co. 
. 221 
Cut Flowers, Wreath- 
'9 
&c. 
W. Strike.. 
Ferns. 
W. & J. Birkenhead. 
. 223 
J. Turner. 
. 221 
Florists’ Flowers. 
E. S. Dodwell. 
999 
J. W. Galvin . 
221 
R. B. Laird & Sons . 
221 
Fruit Trees. 
G. Bunyard & Co. 
223 
J. Cheat & Sons. 
999 
H. Lane & Son . 
221 
R. Smith & Co. 
223 
Fruit Trees & Roses. 
J. Le Cornu & Son. 
999 
G. Jackman & Son. 
221 
T. Rivers & Son. 
222 
Garden Sundries, &c. 
B. Field. 
999 
H. G. Smyth . 
236 
E. 1 an Der Meersch. 
221 
Greenhouse Plants, &c. 
J. Nicoll . 
221 
J. Turner. 
221 
E. Van Der Meersch. 
221 
Glass. 
J. B. Robinson . 
236 
Heating Apparatus, face 
Jones & Attwood . 236 
J. Jones A Sons. 221 
Thames Bank Iron Co.... 236 
C. Toope & Co. 221 
Herbaceous Plants. 
R. Smith & Co. 222 
Horticultural Builders. 
J. Boyd & Sons . 221 
Janies Gray . 22 L 
H. Hope . 236 
A. Peel & Sons .. 221 
W. Richardson & Co. ... 221 
J. Weeks & Co. 221 
Insecticides. 
Bridgford’s Antiseptic... 221 
Gishurst Compound. 221 
Manures. 
W. H. Beeson. 221 
“Standen’s" . 221 
W. Thomson & Sons. 221 
Miscellaneous. 
Birkbeck Bank . 236 
Epps's Cocoa . 236 
Gishurstine. 221 
Harrison's Knitter. 236 
Smyth's Orchid Baskets 221 
Schweitzer's Cocoatina... 236 
Mushroom Spawn. 
Wm. Cutbush & Son. 236 
Orchids. 
W. Gordon . 222 
F. Horsman & Co. 221 
Liverpool Horticultural 
Company. 222 
Hugh Low & Co. 222 
P. McArthur . 221 
Potatos. 
Dickson & Robinson. 223 
Roses. 
H. English . 221 
C. H. Gorringe . 221 
Liverpool Horticultural 
Company. 222 
S. G. Rumsey. 221 
R. Smith & Co. 222 
J. Walters. 221 
Seeds. 
W. B. Hartland. 221 
Societies’ Announce¬ 
ments. 222 
Strawberries. 
B. Smith & Co. 236 
Trees and Shrubs, &c. 
J. O. Cooper. 222 
Robert Neal . 223 
R. Smith & Co. 221 
