584 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
May 11, 1889. 
Mr. Charles Henry Sharman, who directed the sending 
out of seed for Messrs. Carter, said he believed a leaden 
seal had, according to custom, been attached to the bag 
produced by defendants. 
The information was then amended, on the appli¬ 
cation of Mr. Cross, to read that defendants did “apply 
a false trade description to certain goods and things— 
to wit, certain Swede seed.” 
Mr. Cross read a letter from defendents, in reply to 
an order dated the 23rd March, in which they “said 
we are sold out of Carter’s Elephant Swede,” &c., and 
referring to the correspondence, said that on the 15th 
March defendants had written to Messrs. Carter “we 
have sold none of the Swedes.” That fixed the date 
when the offence was committed in law. 
Mr. Hewett contended that there must be a trade 
description of Messrs. Carter’s seeds, and such descrip¬ 
tion was not defined in the five sub-sections of the 
section upon which the prosecution relied. They had 
really no case to answer. If they wanted to bring seed 
within the Act they must have a definite description of 
it which showed some definite and good quality in 
itself, and also the mode in which it was produced. 
Seeds were sold all over the kingdom, for instance, as 
“Sutton’s Hero,” or whatever it might be, without 
anything to indicate the mode in which they were 
produced, and it was absurd to say that the Act applied 
to seed with such a description as that of the plaintiffs. 
The chairman, after consultation, said the magistrates 
felt clear the Act did apply to the seed. 
Mr. Hewitt then addressed the Bench, and called 
Mr. J. H. Millard, who manages the agricultural 
seed department of the business, and who stated that 
in the spring of 1887, when he joined the firm, he 
received a sample of that particular seed from a friend 
of his, who was a trade rival of Messrs. Carter. He 
sent most of it to be grown in Essex, in the June of 
1887, reserving a small portion for trial in their trial 
ground at Whitley. The only description he had with 
it was that it was an oval-shaped purple-top yellow 
Swede. He saw it growing in Essex in the autumn of 
1887, and they harvested the seed in the summer of 
1888. The remainder of the seed was, in May, 1888, 
sown on their trial ground, side by side with Carter’s 
Elephant Swede, and eight or ten other kinds of 
Swede. In October or November he came to the 
conclusion that the two sorts were identical, and at the 
Pangbourne Agricultural Show in October he procured 
some roots, exhibited as “Carter’s Elephant,” and on 
comparing them with the “oval-shaped Swede” sent 
to him, and with the roots grown from the seed 
procured from Messrs. Carter and grown on the trial 
ground, found they were unquestionably all the same. 
He should not have hesitated to have sold the one seed 
for the other. As a matter of fact they had not sold 
any of that seed, or had it in the shop. He gave 
instructions, early in February, that none of it should 
be sold. They had now two sacks of it in the ware¬ 
house, and he was willing that it should be tested side 
by side with Messrs. Carter’s seed. 
In cross-examination, witness said that he gave the 
same name to the seed because Messrs. Carter would be 
offering it to the trade. He had no one present to 
state how it originally came into his possession. The 
sample he grew of Messrs. Carter’s was bought in High 
Holborn direct—it was a 2 lb. bag. They had not sold 
one lot since the complaint was made. The one order 
they had executed was with seed they had from a 
friend in Sussex ; that was the only seed they had 
labelled “Carter’s Elephant Swede.’’ They bought 
that on the 14th or 15th March. They had none of 
“Carter’s Elephant” in stock when their catalogue 
was issued. If orders had come in they would have 
written to Messrs. Carter, though he certainly thought 
they could have supplied the seed without communi¬ 
cating with Messrs. Carter. When he had the item 
inserted in the catalogue he was under the impression 
that by the spring of 1889 it would be in the hands of 
the wholesale trade. The letter to the customer, to 
the effect that they were “ sold out,” was explained by 
the fact they had ordered some from Messrs. Carter in 
their own sealed bags, and they were sold out of that 
particular sized bag. They would have bought at 
Is. 9(7. (Messrs. Carter’s wholesale price), and sold at 
Is. 6 d. to oblige a customer. 
By Mr. Hewitt: After the correspondence they 
would have submitted to a loss rather than have any 
dispute about it. 
The magistrates then retired to consult, and on their 
return the chairman said the Bench had examined the 
case with every care, and thinking there was not 
satisfactory and sufficient evidence brought forward to 
prove it, had decided to dismiss the summons. —From 
the Reading Mercury. 
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 
Rochdale Auricula Society. 
The show at Rochdale, commenced some four or five 
years ago, took place on May 1st, the day after that at 
Manchester, and was held in the Public Hall, a well- 
lighted building. Nearly all the flowers shown had 
been at Manchester the day before, but I thought that 
more of the Manchester people would have put in an 
appearance there. Still, it was an interesting exhibi¬ 
tion, and I think under the present management it is 
likely to become a very good one. The staging arrange¬ 
ments show off the flowers to the best advantage. 
Miss Woodhead, of Halifax, had the best six out of 
three competitors, and the class is a little different, 
because there must be one green, one grey, and one 
white-edged ; and the three seifs must be of different 
colours. Miss Woodhead had Prince of Greens, 
George Lightbody, and Mrs. Dodwell—the last a chaste- 
looking white-edged ; black self, Black Bess ; blue self, 
Mrs. Potts, and red self, Lord of Lome. Mr. Tom 
Lord, Todmorden, came next, with Rev. E. D. Homer, 
George Lightbody, and Acme ; black self, Ellen Lan¬ 
caster ; blue self, Mrs. Potts, and red self, Mr. 
Sturrock. Mr. H. Wilson, Manor Heath Lodge, Hali¬ 
fax, was third. Miss Woodhead had the best four also, 
one of each division, staging Prince of Greens, Rachel, 
a pretty grey ; Acme, white, and a fine Heroine, with 
fourteen pips. Second, Mr. T. Lord, with Prince of 
Greens, George Lightbody, Acme, and Heroine. Third, 
Mr. Samuel Barlow, J.P., Stakehill House, Castleton, 
with Hibernia, a promising green ; Grey Friars," a 
green ; Frank Simonite, and dark self Mr. Barlow. 
There were six collections in this class. Mr. H. Wilson 
had the best pair, staging white edge John Simonite 
and self Heroine ; second, Miss Woodhead, with Prince 
of Greens and Acme ; Mr. T. Lord was third with 
green edge Richard Gorton, 'which looked like a refined 
Talisman, and George Lightbody. In the class for a 
pair for “maiden ” growers, Mr. J. Beswick, Middleton, 
was first with green edge Lovely Ann and white edge 
Acme ; second, Mr. Samuel Lord, Rochdale, with green 
edge General Niel and Mrs. Sturrock, red self. 
The best green edge was President Royde, from Mr. 
S. Barlow ; Mr. R. Lord coming next with Richard 
Gorton ; Miss Woodhead with Prince of Greens ; and 
Mr. H. Wilson with Hotspur, which promises to be a 
good useful green edge. Miss Woodhead had the best 
grey in George Rudd, and second with Rachel, both of 
her own raising; Mr. H. Wilson came third with 
George Lightbody, and Mr. T. Lord was fourth with 
Lancashire Hero. The best white edge was Conserva¬ 
tive, from Miss Woodhead, and she was second with 
Acme, and third with Mrs. Dodwell; Mr. S. Barlow 
following with seedlings. But the latter had the best 
self, which was of a very fine shaded plum colour, 
named Mrs. Bentley, it being large, stout, flat and 
of very fine quality ; Mr. T. Lord was second with 
Brunette ; Miss Woodhead was third with Black Bess ; 
and Mr. S. Barlow was fourth with Pizarro. 
The best four alpine Auriculas were staged by Mr. J. 
Beswick, who bad Queen Victoria, Diadem, and two 
laced seedlings ; Mr. S. Barlow was second with Charles 
Neeham, one of his fine and promising seedlings, 
Diadem, and two seedlings. The best golden-centred 
Alpine was Sovereign, from Mr. J. Beswick, having a 
fine edge of rosy salmon to a black body colour and rich 
golden centre ; Mr. S. Barlow was second with Beauty, 
dark shaded with salmon, smooth and very promising ; 
Mr. J. Beswick came third with a seedling, fourth 
with Racer, and fifth with Emir, a fine dark variety. 
The best white or cream-centred Alpine was a seedling 
laced from Mr. J. Beswick. He was second with Queen 
Victoria, and Mr. S. Barlow third with Mr. Phipps. 
The premier Alpine Auricula was Queen Victoria, from 
Mr. J. Beswick. 
Gold-laced Polyanthuses were not numerous. Mr. 
J. Beswick had the best pair—one red, the other 
black—showing Cheshire Favourite and a seedling ; 
second, Mr. S. Barlow ; and third, Mr. G. Thornley, 
both showing Exile and Sidney Smith. The best black 
ground was Exile, from Mr. Beswick. He w T as second 
with Cheshire Favourite, and third with a seedling, Mr. 
Barlow coming fourth with John Bright. The best red 
ground was George IV., from Mr. G. Thornley, who 
was third with Prince Regent, and fourth with Sidney 
Smith ; Mr. Barlow being second with William IV. 
The premier Polyanthus was Mr. J. Beswick’s Exile. 
Under the head of extra classes was one for six fancy 
Auriculas, and also for six Primroses, Mr. S. Barlow 
being first in each with good flowers. He was also the 
only exhibitor of two hardy Primulas, staging P. 
denticulata and P. viscosa rosea. 
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 
Special attention is paid in the columns of The 
Gardening World to the answering of questions on 
all subjects connected with practical horticulture, and 
the naming of Plants (other than Florists’ Flowers) and 
Fruits, in which department the Editor is assisted by 
gardeners and specialists of great experience. 
Correspondents who may require their communica¬ 
tions, if not accepted, to be returned, must in all cases 
enclose stamps for the return postage. The name and 
address of every writer must be given, not necessarily 
for publication, if that is not desired, but simply as a 
guarantee of the writer’s band fides. No notice what¬ 
ever will be taken of anonymous letters. 
It is particularly requested that correspondents 
will favour us with their communications as early in 
the week as possible, and that they address them only 
to “The Editor.” _ 
Bedding Diagram. — Carpet Bedding: You may plant the 
first bed as follows :—1, Iresine Wallsii; 2, Pyrethrum Golden 
Feather; 3, Mesembryanthemum cordifolium variegatum; 4, 
Herniaria glabra; 5, Antennaria tomentosa; 6, Echeveria 
secunda glauca; 7, Sedum glaucum. The second bed would 
look well arranged as follows :—1, Iresine Wallsii; 2, Mesembry¬ 
anthemum cordifolium variegatum; 3, Herniaria glabra; 4, 
Antennaria tomentosa; 5, Echeveria secunda glauca ; G, Oxalis 
corniculata rubra; 7, Golden Feather Pyrethrum. If you have 
sufficient Oxalis, it would be better to substitute it for 6, 
Echeveria, in the first bed. 
Cauliflower Seed. — R. M. C., Midlothian, desires the names 
and addresses of some of the principal English growers of Cauli¬ 
flower seeds. Can any reader oblige him ? 
Chrysanthemums. — F. J. S., Pembroke: High culture, in the 
case you instance, means an early start with strong cuttings, 
careful management to encourage a robust growth until the bud 
is taken, and, subsequently to promoting the development of 
the flowers by judicious feeding with stimulating manures. They 
should soon be put into their flowering pots, placed in a sunny 
position, and never be neglected in the matter of watering. 
Manure for Chrysanthemums.— If “Country Mum” can 
get rid of the iron filings from the hoof parings by sifting through 
a fine sieve, he will find the hoof-parings a valuable manure for 
using in small quantities in his potting compost, and especially 
for sprinkling over the drainage. Like horn shavings, their 
value lies in their lasting properties rather than in their quick 
action, and therefore are of little value for top-dressing.—G. 
Names of Plants. — Anxious to Learn: 1, Pelargonium citri- 
odorum minimum; 2, Luzula sylvatica ; 3, Luzula campestris ; 
4, Adoxa Moschatellina; 5, Lychnis diurna; 6, Sibthorpia 
peregrina ; 7, Jasminum nudiflorum. Nicely packed, and arrived 
in good condition. A. Reed: Brassia caudata ; Lycaste plana. 
Stephanotis. — R. H. S.: We have no means of knowing the 
value of Stephanotis bloom in the Liverpool market during the 
month of April, but in the wholesale market, Covent Garden, 
during the early part of the month, about 6s. per dozen bunches 
was the average value. By the 20th they were down to 4s., and 
two days later they were sold for 3s. Of course they were not 
sold at these prices in every instance—there is no such thing as 
a fixed value in any flower or vegetable market. 
Communications Received. —Rev. G. S.—J. L. & S.—L. L.— 
A. B.—H. C—W. B. H.—D. J. N.—F. R. S.—W. P.—J. A.— 
Donald & Co.—J. H. —J. F. 
--— 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
A. Dickson & Sons, Newtownards, co. Down.—New Pedigree 
Seedling Roses. 
Dicksons & Co., 1, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh.—Bedding and 
Border Plants. 
William Bull, 536, King's Road, Chelsea.— Jfew and Rare 
Plants. 
-—-— 
OOVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
May 8 th. 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
Sid. s.d. 
Aralia Sieboldi ,,doz. 6 0 12 0 
Arum Lilies..per doz. 6 0 12 0 
Azalea.per doz. 18 0 30 0 
Bedding plants,in var., 
per doz. 10 3 0 
-inboxes ..each 10 4 0 
Calceolaria ..per doz. 6 0 9 0 
Cineraria ..per dozen 6 0 10 0 
Cyclamen ..per doz, 9 0 IS 0 
Cyperns, ..per dozen 4 0 12 0 
Dracaena term., doz. 30 0 60 0 
— viridis, per dozen 12 0 24 0 
Erica, various ..doz. 9 0 24 0 
Evergreens, in var. ,, 6 0 24 0 
Ferns, in var.,perdoz. 4 0 18 0 
Ficus elastica ..each 16 7 0 
Fuchsia.perdoz. 6 0 12 0 
s.d. s.d. 
Foliage Plants, vari¬ 
ous .each 2 0 10 0 
Genista ....per dozen 9 0 12 0 
Heliotrope ..perdoz. 6 0 9 0 
Lilies of the Valley, 
per doz, 9 0 IS 0 
Marguerites perdoz. 6 0 12 0 
Mignonette, doz. pots 6 0 12 0 
Palms in variety, each 2 6 21 0 
Pelargoniums,scarlet, 4 0 9 0 
Pelargoniums, per doz. S 0 IS 0 
Pinks, &c. .. per doz. 6 0 9 0 
Primula sinensis .... 
Roses, H.P., per doz.12 0 24 0 
Roses, Fairy, per doz. 9 0 12 0 
Spiraea.per doz. 9 0 12 0 
Vegetables.—Average Retail Prices. 
s.d. s.d. 
Artichokes, Globe,doz. 3 0 6 0 
Asparagus ....per 100 4 0 6 0 
Beans, French, per lb. 3 0 
Beet .per dozen 2 0 3 0 
Cabbages_per doz. 1 6 
Carrots .... per bunch 0 6 
Cauliflowers, English, 
per dozen 30 50 
Celery ....per bundle 2 6 
Cucumbers ....each 0 4 0 10 
Endive, French, doz. 2 6 3 6 
Oil*. 
Herbs .... per bunch 0 2 0 4 
Horse Radish, bundle 3 0 5) 
Lettuces .. per dozen 16 2 0 
Mushrooms, p. basket 13 2 0 
Onions.... per bushel 7 0 9 0 
Parsley.... per bunch 0 6 
Radishes .. per dozen 1 6 
Small salading, punnet 0 4 
Spinach, per strike ..20 
Tomatos ....per lb. 2 0 3 0 
Turnips ....perbun. 0 6 
Potatos. —Kent Regents, 80s. to 100s. per ton; Kent Kidneys, 
80s. to 100s. per ton ; Champions, 70s. per ton. 
