June 8, 1889. 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
041 
Every possible facility would be given to enable ob¬ 
jectors to support their cases before the Board of Trade. 
It is highly desirable, in the interests of the horti¬ 
cultural trade, that the objections raised should now be 
pressed home, but to do this the trade association must 
be guaranteed against any expenses that may have to 
be incurred, and we direct attention to the list of 
guarantors, published in another column, in the hope 
that it will soon be largely increased. 
The Chiswick Chrysanthemum Conference.—A 
meeting of the Executive Committee was held in the 
Temple Gardens on Friday, May 31st, T. B. Haywood, 
Esq., president of the Conference, presiding ; and we 
learn from Mr. E. Molyneux, honorary secretary of the 
committee, that a representative schedule of classes 
was drawn up, consisting of thirteen for plants and 
twenty-two for cut blooms, embracing all sections and 
methods of cultivation, with a view to obtain com¬ 
petition to suit all classes of cultivators and lovers of 
Chrysanthemums. To make the exhibition still more 
useful, a class was made for appliances best suited for 
growing and showing Chrysanthemums. The subjects 
of papers to be read at the Conference were selected, 
and readers suggested. Particulars will be announced 
as soon as the arrangements are completed. It was 
decided to issue papers to a large body of growers of 
the Chrysanthemum for statistical returns of various 
subjects connected with the plant and its growth, for 
future usefulness. 
Prof. Reichenbach's Will.—We take the following 
copy of an extract from the will of the late Prof. 
Reichenbach from the Gardeners' Chronicle of Saturday 
last:—“My herbarium and my botanical library, my 
instruments, collection of seeds, &c., accrue to the 
Imperial Hof Museum in Vienna, under the condition 
that the preserved Orchids and drawings of Orchids 
shall not be exhibited before twenty-five years from the 
date of my death have elapsed. Until this time my 
collection shall be preserved in sealed cases. In the 
event of the Vienna Institute declining to observe these 
conditions, the collection falls under the same con¬ 
ditions to the Botanical Garden at Upsala. Should the 
last-mentioned Institute decline the legacy, then to the 
Grayean Herbarium in Harvard University, Cambridge, 
Mass. If declined by that Institute, then to the 
Jardin des Plantes, at Paris, but always under the 
same conditions—viz., of being sealed up for twenty- 
five years, in order that the inevitable destruction of 
the costly collection, resulting from the present craze 
for Orchids, may be avoided.” 
The Children's Industrial and Floricultural 
Society, which was founded in the East End in 1886, 
and one of the main objects of which is “to help 
brighten the homes and cheer the lives of young folks 
around by encouraging a love of flowers and floriculture, 
and thus bringing as much as possible of the country 
into a closely-built and thickly-populated part of the 
metropolis,” announces that its fourth annual flower 
show will be held in the Beaumont Hall, when 200 
prizes will be awarded in competitions open to all boys 
and girls under sixteen years of age, and those over 
that age who have previously exhibited, the only 
restriction being that plants for competition shall have 
been in the possession of the exhibitor and sealed by a 
member of the committee on or before Monday, May 
13th. The society much needs help in the way of 
donations of cut flowers, fruit, &c., for sale in aid of 
the prize fund ; seeds, bulbs, plants, &c., for distri¬ 
bution ; and books, papers, fancy articles, &c., for 
prizes. Any of our readers who may be willing to help 
in the good work should communicate with the hono¬ 
rary secretary, Mr. F. W. Angus, 71, Grosvenor 
Road, E. 
- •**=£*> - 
IPOMiEA HEDERACEA. 
In general appearance many species of Ipomsea closely 
resemble those of Convolvulus, with which we are most 
familiar. Botanically, however, they are very distinct, 
as Ipomsea has a three-celled ovary and an undivided 
style, whereas the ovary of Convolvulus is two-celled, 
with a two-branched style. Although by no means 
common in cultivation, I. hederacea, of which we give 
an illustration, was originally introduced in 1597, no 
doubt owing to its being held in repute for medicinal 
purposes by the Arabs, who called it Nil, whence the 
origin of the synonym I. Nil, sometimes given to the 
plant. The leaves are heart-shaped, while the lower 
ones are more or less lobed. The flowers are produced 
one or two on a stalk in the axils of the leaves, and are 
light blue, while the variety I. h. limbata has a white 
edge to the corolla. It is a native of the warmer 
parts of the world, but can be grown here treated as a 
half-hardy annual, which grows to a height of 10 ft. 
- -*&*• - 
RIPENING v. STARVING 
PLANTS. 
Lily of the Valley. 
At the close of a very dry, hot season, such as 1887 for 
instance, remarks are often heard that good crops of 
fruit and flowers may be expected the following year, 
and the horticultural outlook in general is regarded as 
highly satisfactory. Such reasoning is of course based 
on the grounds that the tissues of the trees and plants 
have been thoroughly ripened by the weather conditions 
indicated. It is probable, however, that in some such 
seasons vegetation may be overdone by too much of tho 
ripening—I had almost said the roasting—elements, 
without sufficient moisture to complete the work 
satisfactorily. 
Quoting the year 1873 for instance, which was an 
exceptionally sunless, wet summer, and we find the 
splendid show of blossoms on most hardy subjects, 
besides fruit trees, and the abundant crops of fruits 
that were realised in the autumn of 1874, to be the 
subject of a leading article in a monthly journal pub¬ 
lished at the time. And we are again reminded by the 
good fruit prospects throughout the country that the 
previous wet season has not been unfavourable to fruit 
trees in a healthy bearing condition. 
Referring to flowering plants, taking Lily of the 
Valley for example, it is significant that on soil of 
medium texture we never had a larger or finer crop of 
flowers than has been recently gathered. Such results, 
following a very wet season, points to the necessity of 
Ipojlea hederacea. 
giving good soakings of weak liquid manure occasion¬ 
ally during dry weather, more especially in the case 
of well-established plantations, where every inch of 
ground is occupied with roots. Much benefit to the 
plants will also accrue from rich top-dressings being 
applied in the autumn to be washed in by the winter 
rains. This extra attention will not fail to reward the 
grower when the flowering season returns, and where 
home-grown plants are used for forcing it is absolutely 
necessary on very light soils. 
In making new plantations it is advisable to do so in 
different exposures, as when soils of extreme textures 
have to be dealt with together, with a very wet or dry 
autumn, certain plantations may yield better crops of 
flowers the following season, and a succession of bloom 
as long as possible is also ensured. We have four beds 
on various aspects, the first gathering of flowers being 
had from plantations facing south-west, while useful 
late supplies are obtained from a north-east aspect, the 
flowers there retaining their pure white colour longer 
than those on the opposite side of the wall. 
Although not closely connected with the foregoing 
remarks, it may not be inopportune to remind some 
who may purpose forming fresh plantations to have the 
ground selected for the plants cleared of all noxious 
weeds in the first place if this is necessary, as when 
these get established in the beds it is often an arduous, 
if not an impossible task to remove them afterwards 
without working much iojury among the plants. On 
one occasion we had to deal with a bed throughout 
which couch grass had become thoroughly interlaced. 
The course adopted was to clear out the plants with 
the grass, afterwards excavating the soil to a good 
depth and substituting fresh material. A liberal 
allowance of rotted manure should be mixed with the 
soil in the process of preparing the beds. The im¬ 
portant item of mulching in dry weather such beds 
as were planted last autumn or spring should not be 
neglected. The mulching should be removed each 
time water is applied to the plants, and replaced as 
soon as the work is finished.— Ayrshire. 
--o-X-o- 
ENEMIES OF THE ROSE. 
With the unfolding of the leaves in spring mostly 
every tree and bush is infested with enemies of various 
kinds, and none more so, perhaps, than'the Rose. Out¬ 
side the garden, little or no attention is paid to the 
ravages of insects, and less to the means of keeping 
them in check. By a great amount of perseverance 
the plants in small gardens can be cleared of various 
enemies ; but on a large scale it becomes a serious 
matter, not merely of expense, but of time on the part 
of those who have to attend to the ordinary duties of 
the garden. When this is the case, insect and other 
pests are allowed to have undisputed sway to the utter 
destruction of the crops in season favourable to the 
rapid increase of the enemy. Diseases, as well as 
insect pests, find a paradise in gardens that are closely 
surrounded and sheltered by trees. 
The leaf-rolling insects belonging to different genera 
are already busy at work everywhere amongst the 
Roses, and must be combated with great determination, 
otherwise the leaves will soon get greatly disfigured, 
while the enemy will have left them in a short time to 
assume the pupa state, protected from harm beneath 
the soil. One of the commonest grubs at the present 
time is that of a sawfly named Blennocampa pusilla. 
It lives on the under surface of the leaves, the margins 
of which it fastens down, forming a gallery or cylinder 
in which to carry on its work of destruction unmolested. 
Two leaves are often thus fastened together, and the 
experienced eye soon detects what is the matter. The 
larva is short, fleshy and green, and soon becomes full 
fed by devouring the substance of the leaves within 
easy reach of it. It passes through its stages of 
development very rapidly, and after forming cocoons in 
the soil, emerges as a perfect insect during May and 
June. The body is of a shining black of no great size, 
and the wings are brownish grey. 
Owing to its habit of concealment, wholesale remedies 
such as may be applied to unprotected insects are of 
little avail. Hand picking is the surest remedy, and 
must be applied with unremitting energy during the 
larval state of the insect. It is a widely disseminated 
and very common species in the cottager’s garden as 
well as in those of greater pretensions. 
Another pest is the Rose slug, so named because the 
larv® more resemble a small yellowish green slug, with 
a dark line down the back, and an orange head. It is 
the Eriocampa Ros® of the entomologist, and like other 
species of the same genus has similar habits. The grub 
moves sluggishly over the upper surface of the leaves, 
gnawing away the epidermis, giving them a patchy 
appearance, and when present in large numbers, as it 
is in some localities, not only renders the foliage un¬ 
sightly, but injures the general health of the plant. 
The egg is laid by the perfect insect upon the mid-rib 
of the leaves in May, and the larva becomes full grown 
during the month of May, or in the course of two or 
three weeks, after which it assumes the pupa state in 
the soil. While the leaves are wet, hellebore powder 
should be dusted over them ; or the powder can be 
mixed in water, and the bushes either syringed with it 
or watered with a coarse-rosed watering pot. Sulphur 
may also be dusted over bushes affected with this 
enemy, as it feeds wholly unprotected. 
Another sawfly, named Emphytus cinctus, feeds, in 
the larva stage, upon the edges of the leaves, and while 
feeding clasps the edge with the hinder part of its body. 
When at rest the grub coils itself up in a heap upon the 
under surface of the leaf, and it is here that the perfect 
insect deposits the egg. The specific name refers to 
a white line nearly surrounding the fifth segment of the 
abdomen of the shining black body of the female. 
When full fed the larva bores into the young shoots or 
takes up its quarters amongst dead leaves or other 
refuse upon the soil. It should be attacked in the 
larva stage, well syringing the under-surface of the 
foliage with some insecticide. 
Hylotoma Ros® is somewhat similar in habit to the 
last-named, and may be dealt with in the same way. 
The larva is of a bluish green, with yellow spots along 
the back, and black ones bearing bristles on the sides. 
There are two broods in the course of the season, 
namely, during May and June, and again towards the 
end of the season, say in August and September. 
