648 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
June 8, 1889. 
THE GLOBE FLOWERS. 
About half a score species of Trollius, more or less 
distinctly definable, are known to science. Of these 
the greater proportion have been introduced at one 
time or other, although but few of them seem to retain 
their places for any length of time under cultivation. 
These are T. europseus and T. asiaticus, together with 
their respective varieties. Being inhabitants generally 
of boggy places, they thrive most luxuriantly when 
grown in moderately moist soil. The two just men¬ 
tioned are, however, by no means fastidious, and will 
thrive satisfactorily in any good garden soil. Propa¬ 
gation is easily effected by division of the rootstock, or 
by seeds. The former method is that most generally 
practised in this country, with the exception of seeds of 
new kinds which may be sent home. 
T. EUKOPiEUS. —Our native species, if not the most 
common in gardens, is so well known that description 
is hardly necessary. It is, however, one of the prettiest, 
with large, globular, pale yellow flowers, the petals 
of which are shorter than the stamens, and almost 
concealed by them. The branching stems bear a 
number of flowers, and are well furnished with glossy 
green leaves, divided to the base into five wedge-shaped 
and cut segments. It is pretty widely distributed over 
northern Europe, and occurs at a good many places in 
this country, chiefly in woods and upland boggy or 
wet places, where it sometimes proves the most at¬ 
tractive plant of the locality, from the size of its pale 
yellow blossoms. There are numerous varieties of this 
in cultivation, of which T. e. aconitifolius has very 
finely divided leaves with narrow segments. It has 
also another name in T. e. napelifolius. 
T. asiaticus. —No other species, perhaps, enjoys 
such a wide distribution in gardens as this one. It is 
also the strongest grower, attaining a stature of 18 ins. 
or 2 ft. in moderately good and moist garden soil. The 
flowers vary in colour, but are generally darker than 
those of T. europseus, and the small flattened petals are 
longer, and overtop the stamens, being sometimes 
three-quarters as long as the sepals. The species is a 
native of Siberia and other parts of Asia, from whence 
it was originally introduced in 1817. The variety 
T. a. Fortunei is a very fine one, with deep orange 
sepals, and was brought from China more recently. 
T. laxus.— The flowers of this species are large, and 
borne singly on the apex of the branches of the stem, 
which grows from 6 ins. to 9 ins. in length, is one to 
three-flowered, and generally stout. They vary in 
colour from a bright yellow to a greenish yellow, almost 
white. The foliage is very similar to that of T. 
europsus ; but the five to six rounded sepals constitute 
the distinguishing feature of the species. It is a native 
of North America, from whence it was introduced in 
1805. T. americanus is a synonym. 
T. chinexsis. —The tall leafy stems of this species 
are many-flowered, with large yellow blooms. The 
narrowly linear petals are longer than the sepals, and 
about twice the length of the stamens. It is evidently 
allied to T. asiaticus, but distinguished by the great 
length of the stamens. It is a native of the coast of 
Mandchuria, but does not seem to have been introduced. 
T. patulus. —From a horticultural point of view 
this species would be less ornamental than any of the 
above, but might be grown for the sake of variety. The 
stems are one to two-flowered, and from 3 ins. to 12 ins. 
in length, with rather finely divided leaves. The whole 
plant may be compared to that of T. europseus, but is 
more slender, with smaller golden yellow flowers and 
five to eight sepals. It was introduced from Siberia in 
1800, but is at present rare in gardens. 
T. Ledebouri. —The stems of this plant bear several, 
though generally few, large pale yellow flowers, and 
is similar to T. europoeus, as a variety of which it is 
sometimes classed j but the petals equal the sepals in 
length, in that respect resembling T. asiaticus. 
T. caucasicus. —The uppermost leaf in this species 
is close to the flower, which is solitary, large, and deep 
yellow, while in other respects it closely resembles T. 
asiaticus. The stems grow from 12 ins. to 18 ins. in 
length, and the plant is a native of the Caucasus, and 
was introduced in 1857. 
T. altaicus. —In this we have another form closely 
allied to T. europeeus, but the flowers are solitary, 
large, and light or bright yellow. Specimens were 
collected at the foot of Mount Aktschauly and Tar- 
bagatai, in the Altai range, and the plant was intro¬ 
duced in 1857. 
T. Dahuricus. —Specimens under this name have 
stems from 12 ins. to 15 ins. in length, bearing a few 
small leaves with wedge-shaped and very shallowly 
divided segments. The flowers are solitary, small, and 
yellow. As a species it does not seem to have more 
strongly distinguishing characters than several of the 
foregoing. 
T. acaulis. —The stems of this Alpine range from 
3 ins. to 6 ins., or even 12 ins. when in fruit, bearing 
a solitary large pale yellow flower. The radical 
leaves are generally but little developed, and are some¬ 
times reduced to large sheaths, while the stem leaves are 
small and finely divided. It is a native of the 'Western 
Himalayas, and has been picked up in numerous 
localities at great elevations, such as Kishtwar, 12,000 
ft., and Kumaon, 12,500 ft. 
T. pumilus. —This species has more right to the 
name of T. acaulis than the last, inasmuch as the one- 
flowered scapes are leafless, although they grow from 
3 ins. to 15 ins. high. The tallest stems may bear one 
or two small leaves upon them. The radical leaves are 
numerous and small, with an orbicular blade and 
wedge-shaped shallowly cut segments, borne on petioles 
from 2 ins. to 4 ins. in length. It is a pretty rock 
plant, but does not seem to be in cultivation ; and 
occurs at an elevation of 13,000 ft. in Kumaon, and 
14,000 ft. in the Sikkim Himalayas. 
T. lilacina. —Like the two last mentioned, this is 
an exceedingly pretty dwarf Alpine plant, which it is 
highly desirable should find its way into cultivation. 
The stems grow from 3 ins. to 6 ins. in height, bearing 
a few small leaves and a large solitary pale lilac flower 
with numerous sepals. The small deep yellow petals 
are shorter than the stamens. The radical leaves are 
often reduced to large sheaths, but when developed are 
fairly divided, though of no great size. It is a native 
of Turkestan, at elevations varying from 6,COO ft. to 
12,500 ft., and would, therefore, seem to be hardy, 
although it has not been introduced to this country. 
-->X-o- 
ORCHID NOTES AND GLEANINGS. 
The Orchid Growers’ Calendar. 
Dh’a rF-growing Laelias, such as L. Dayana, L. 
preestans, and L. marginata, occupy but a small 
amount of space in the cool Orchid house, but prove 
very attractive features when in flower, blooming as 
they do when Orchid flowers are getting comparatively 
scarce; therefore they are well worth growing. All 
the above kinds do admirably, either on bare blocks of 
wood with the bark left on, fastened securely, with or 
without the addition of a little living sphagnum, or 
in small shallow baskets, well drained, and containing 
only a small quantity of compost, consisting of 
sphagnum and good fibrous peat. If grown on blocks 
of Oak or Apple wood, they soon cover them with roots, 
and, of course, need constant attention in the matter 
of watering, requiring a good soaking every day at this 
time of the year. Mexican Lselias, if grown by them¬ 
selves in a very light position, will benefit by receiving 
a thorough good syringing overhead every bright after¬ 
noon, and if a chink of air be left on the house all night, 
they will be dry again by morning. 
Cattleya gigas and C. Sanderiana will require more 
water now that they are pushing roots freely, and if 
they are standing in sunny positions, they will take a 
great quantity if well rooted. Avoid administering it 
in driblets, but give a good soaking, and then let them 
go until they require more. 
The Temperatures for the Month of June 
should be :—East Indian house, 75° to 80° by day, 70° 
at night. Cattleya or intermediate house, 70° to 75° by 
day, 65° at night. Odontoglossum or cool house, 65° 
to 70° by day, 60° at night. If the cool house can be 
kept down to this, so much the better ; but we were 
unable to keep ours below 85° during some days of the 
past week. The other structures may, of course, go 
10° higher than the figures given by sun-heat.— JF. P. 
-->X<--- 
The Gardeners’ Calendar. 
—— 
THE STOVE. 
Alocasias and Anthuriums. —The young leaves of 
these fine-foliaged plants will require seeing to oc¬ 
casionally in the case of large specimens with crowded 
leaves. In some instances it will be necessary to free 
them from any superincumbent pressure, otherwise 
they may get crumpled and broken, thereby disfiguring 
for the rest of the season what promised to be fine. 
The petiole should stand as nearly erect as possible in 
those with leaves from 3 ft. to 5 ft. in length, as in 
the case of Anthurium Veitchii and A. Warocqueanum. 
Another matter that must not be neglected now is 
syringing. In dry warm weather red-spider is very 
liable to make its appearance, and if allowed to become 
established the young leaves get permanently crippled. 
Syringing several times a day during bright weather 
will keep this as well as others in subjection, but to 
make doubly sure the leaves may occasionally be 
sponged with Fir Tree Oil or a solution of Gishurst 
Compound. 
Micoxia (Cyaxophyllum) magnifica, &c.—Plants 
of this class must be well exposed to light, although 
not actually exposed to the direct rays of the sun. 
Leaves of their texture are not exactly leathery as are 
those of Anthurium, soon suffering if too much shaded, 
and the more so if allowed to become crowded by other 
subjects. If space can be afforded—and such noble 
plants repay it, if well grown—the specimens should be 
elevated on pots if grown amongst a miscellaneous 
assortment of plants. Crowding is to be avoided under 
any circumstances, otherwise good results cannot be 
obtained. 
Propagation. —The judicious cultivator should 
always be on the outlook for a supply of plants for 
future work, and from this point of view, should take 
off all small well-coloured shoots of Pandanus Yeitchii 
that make their appearance on the stems of old plants. 
Badly-coloured specimens should be avoided if not 
actually required, as they seldom make attractive 
plants. Crotons may also be propagated by using 
well-coloured shoots. Dractenas can be propagated at 
any time by cutting down old leggy stems, and laying 
them in the fibre of the propagating bed, afterwards 
taking off the young shoots and rooting them. The 
whole tops with their leaves may be taken off and 
rooted, or in the case of hard-stemmed kinds, a piece 
of sphagnum may be tied round them after ringing. 
Balsams. —The first batch of seedlings may be put 
into their flowering pots. Attend to the tying out of 
the shoots, so that all will be fully exposed to light, 
thereby inducing a free and regular branching, which 
will readily take place without any stopping of the 
shoots whatever if the conditions are favourable. In 
lean-to houses the plants must frequently be turned 
round to the most illuminated side of the house ; 
whereas in span-roofed houses this is not required. 
THE GREENHOUSE. 
Heaths and Epacris. — As the later batches of 
Heaths go out of flower remove the faded blossoms, 
and give full exposure to light so as to encourage the 
healthy development of young wood. Epacris making 
growth should be encouraged to do so by syringing 
and a moderately high temperature. The earlier batches 
of the latter may be hardened off in a cool house 
previous to their being transferred to the open air for 
the summer months to harden their wood and en¬ 
courage tho formation of flower-buds. 
THE FRUIT HOUSES. 
Peaches.—A s soon as the earliest crops have been 
gathered the trees should be forcibly syringed to destroy 
red-spider, which may have become plentiful, owing to 
the dry condition of the atmosphere which has been 
maintained since the fruits began to colour and soften. 
Cut away all wood not required for bearing next vear, 
so as to encourage the ripening of the useful wood. It 
is a mistake frequently perpetrated to allow crowding, 
as it tends to prevent a good crop being secured than 
otherwise. 
Strawberries. —These are very liable to attacks of 
red-spider, which become apparent while the fruits are 
ripening. This can be prevented to a great extent by 
careful attention previous to the colouring of the fruits. 
Well syringe the underside of the foliage at frequent 
intervals previous to ripening if the presence of the 
pest is suspected. 
THE KITCHEN GARDEN. 
Wall Trees. —Heavy showers of rain have been 
frequent during the past few weeks, but the trees on 
aspects sheltered from the force of these storms will 
nevertheless have escaped a thorough washing. The 
garden engine should therefore be frequently called 
into use, applying the water with some force to Peaches, 
Apricots, Plums, Cherries, and other subjects, both to 
clear the trees of insect pests, decayed flowers and the 
small imperfect leaves that become yellow and fall 
early. Already caterpillars and aphides are abundant, 
and should be rigorously kept down by syringing, 
hand picking, or insecticides. On dry borders especially 
the surface should be kept in a condition to take in the 
water applied to the walls. 
