June 22, 1889. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
681 
Cross, in a paper he read at the Fruit Congress held at 
Chiswick last autumn, said :—“ There are fifteen sorts 
of Apples which I would plant in preference to others 
in Hertfordshire, and having an eye to the disposal of 
the crop as well as the production. They are — 
Blenheim Orange, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Cox’s Pomona, 
Devonshire Quarrenden, Ecklinville, Irish Peach, 
Duchess of Oldenburg, Keswick, King of the Pippins, 
Lord Suffield, Small’s Admirable, Stirling Castle 
Sturmer Pippin, Warner’s King, and Wellington.” 
How to Dispose of the Produce. 
With regard to the third point, how profitably to 
dispose of the produce grown, I may say that no great 
difficulty is found in disposing of large quantities of 
fruits by many farmers, but what is wanted is the 
producer putting more money into his pocket, and the 
middleman getting less. The problem to be solved, 
therefore, is, “ How can the producer and the con¬ 
sumer be brought face to face without a third person 
coming between them ?” What is wanted in this 
country is the system which exists in Paris markets, 
in which producers can meet and sell direct to the 
consumer. The outlet for fruits will be found to 
mainly lie in two directions, which have a widely 
different character, and necessitates different treatment 
—the supply to London and some of the large cities and 
towns in the north, and the small towns and villages 
throughout the kingdom. In the case of London and 
the larger towns, there is a large concentration of 
fruiterers, greengrocers, and costermongers, who have 
hitherto furnished the means of reaching the public. 
In the case of the smaller towns, they have to a large 
extent done without fruit, as it cannot be supplied in 
a fresh condition. What is greatly needed, is 
local markets, so as to prevent fruit being sent 
to a great centre like London, and then sent back 
again to the country. If landowners and legislators 
would take up this question great good might result. 
Perhaps the new County Councils may be induced to 
consider the matter, and that might lead to some 
practical result. More combination is wanted among 
farmers and fruit growers, and there is a good opening 
for an extended application of the co-operative principle. 
Believing, as I do, that with a growing appreciation 
of fruit as a health-giving article of diet, there is a 
certainty of a very large extension of fruit culture in 
this country, I trust that the farmers of Hert¬ 
fordshire, aided by land laws that are just, and 
increased and cheapened facilities for transit and dis¬ 
posal, will be among those who will reap the 
benefits to be derived from an extension of this 
growing industry. 
-- 
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 
—•*>— 
Royal Botanic.— June 19 th. 
The second of the two summer shows was held on 
Wednesday last, when the weather proved more pro¬ 
pitious than on several former occasions. As usual the 
showiest feature in the large tent occupied by pot 
plants consisted of Orchids, Pelargoniums, stove and 
greenhouse, and hardy herbaceous plants. In the open 
class for twelve stove and greenhouse plants the first 
prize was taken by Mr. J. F. Mould, Pewsey, Wilts, 
who also took the same place in the nurserymen’s class 
for six. Mr. A. Offer, gardener to J. Warren, Esq., 
Handcross Park, Crawley, had by far the best plants 
in the amateurs’ class. 
Orchids were far more plentiful than at the last 
show, and the first prize for a collection in the amateurs 
class went to H. Little, Esq. (gardener, Mr. A. Howard), 
The Barons, Twickenham. Mr. J. Douglas, gardener 
to Mrs. Whitbourne, Great Gearies, Ilford, showed 
well in the class for twelve kinds reserved for amateurs, 
taking first prize ; Mr. T. Whillans, gardener to the 
Duke of Marlborough, Blenheim, being a good second. 
Mr. H. James, West Norwood, was the only exhibitor 
in a similar class for nurserymen. Mr. D. Phillips, 
Langley Broom, Slough, took the first prizes for six 
show, and also for six fancy Pelargoniums in the 
amateurs’ classes; and Mr. C. Turner, Slough, the 
first prizes in similar classes for nurserymen. The 
first prize for zonal Pelargoniums went to Mr. Eason, 
gardener to B. Noakes, Esq., Hope Cottage, Higbgate. 
H. Little, Esq., was awarded the first prize for twelve 
tuberous Begonias. Fine-foliaged plants, Palms, and 
Ferns occupied the recesses of the tent, but exhibited 
no very marked features. The premier prize for a col¬ 
lection of species of Lilium (cut) went to Mr. T. S. 
^Vare, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, as well as 
the first prize for Irises. Messrs. Paul & Son, Ches- 
hunt, had the best twenty-four trusses of hardy 
herbaceous cut flowers. The first prize for twelve 
trusses of Orchids was awarded to Mr. J. Douglas ; 
they were arranged in pots of Maidenhair Fern. 
Roses were plentiful, and generally good. There was 
good competition in the class for fine-scented kinds, 
and the first prize went to Mr. G. Prince. Messrs. 
Keynes, Williams & Co. took the first place for twelve 
trusses of one colour. Mr. Prince had the best yellow 
Roses. Mr. B. R. Cant, Colchester, took the first prize 
for twenty-four varieties, three trusses of each, and 
they were wonderfully fresh. The best twelve varieties 
were shown by Col. T. H. Pitt, Maidstone. 
The miscellaneous exhibits, consisting mostly of 
large groups, were a prominent feature of the show. 
Messrs. H. Low & Co., Clapton, had a large Silver 
Medal for a group made up chiefly of Orchids, Palms 
and Ferns. A Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to Mr. 
B. S. Williams, Upper Holloway, for a group of 
Orchids, Palms and Crotons. Messrs. J. Laing & Sons, 
Forest Hill, had a small Silver-gilt Medal for a group 
of tuberous Begonias, Caladiums, Palms, &c. A large 
Silver Medal was awarded to Messrs. Wm. Paul & Son, 
Waltham Cross. A similar one was awarded to Mr. G. 
T. White, Winchmore Hill, for a group of Cattleyas 
and Miltonias. Messrs. Kelway & Son had a Silver 
Medal for Pseonies, Delphiniums, &c. A similar award 
was made to Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, 
for a group of double tuberous Begonias. A large 
collection of cut flowers of herbaceous plants was 
shown by Messrs. Barr & Son, Covent Garden ; Lilies, 
English and Spanish Iris, Pseonies and Pansies were 
most prominent. Messrs. Cheal & Sons, Crawley, 
Sussex, showed their patent flower support tastefully 
arranged with blooms. Cut Tea Roses were shown by 
Mr. B. R. Cant, Colchester ; Teas and H.P’s by Mr. 
Wm. R.umsey, Waltham Cross ; Mr. G. Prince, Oxford, 
also had Tea Roses. Mr. Langlands, gardener to J. 
W. Molly, Esq., Chingford, showed a group of de¬ 
corative plants. Mr. W. Gordon, Twickenham, 
showed a large group of Lilium auratum and Japan 
Maples. Cut flowers of herbaceous plants were shown 
by Mr. T. S. Ware. In the corridor a fine lot of fruit 
trees in pots, including Peaches, Oranges, Pears, Plums, 
and Cherries were shown by Messrs. T. Rivers & Son, 
Sawbridgeworth ; a large Silver Medal was awarded. 
Mr. J. Chambers, of Isleworth, showed a group of 
Phloxes, Pansies and Diplacus. Mr. A. Offer had a 
large Bronze Medal for a group of Crotons. 
Grapes were shown in tolerable quantity, but the 
white varieties generally were scarcely ripe. The first 
prize for a collection of fruit went to Mr. R. Parker, 
gardener to J. Corbet, Esq., Impney, Droitwich. His 
Pine Apples and Grapes were fine ; he also had the first 
prize for a Queen Pine. Melons in some cases were too 
large, the best coming from Mr. T. Hare, Wellingore 
Gardens, Grantham. The best basket of black Grapes 
came from Mr. T. Edmunds, Bestwood, Nottingham; 
and the best white from Mr. P. Feist, gardener to R. 
J. Ashton, Esq., Staines. Mr. T. Edmunds had the 
best Black Hamburgh ; and Mr. G. Thomson, gardener 
to Messrs. W. & E. Wells, Hounslow, had the best 
black of any other kind. Mr. P. Feist showed the best 
Muscats ; and Mr. T. Osman, gardener to L. J. Baker, 
Esq., Otteshaw Park, Chertsey, was first for any other 
white. Peaches and Nectarines were well represented, 
the latter being the better coloured. Mr. W. H. Divers, 
gardener to J. T. Hopwood, Esq., Ketton Hall, 
Stamford, had the best Peaches ; and Mr. T. Hare 
the best Nectarines. Mr. W. H. Divers took first 
prize for Strawberries. 
--»s<*- 
THE WEATHER. 
At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean reading 
of the barometer during the week ending June 15th 
was 29 70 ins.; the lowest reading was 29'46 ins. on 
Sunday evening, and the highest 29'85 ins. at the 
end of the week. The mean temperature of the air 
was 56'8°, and 2 0° below the average in the corre¬ 
sponding weeks of the twenty years ending 1868. The 
mean was below the average on every day of the 
week except Thursday, when it was somewhat in 
excess. The direction of the wind was variable, 
and the horizontal movement of the air averaged 
7 '9 miles per hour, which was 2'6 miles below 
the average in the corresponding weeks of sixteen 
years. Rain fell on three days of the week, to the 
aggregate amount of 1 '73 in. The duration of regis¬ 
tered bright sunshine in the week was 3'3 hours, 
against 18'6 hours at Glynde Place, Lewe§. 
NOTICE TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
Special attention is paid in the columns of The 
Gardening World to the answering of questions on 
all subjects connected with practical horticulture, and 
the naming of Plants (other than Florists’ Flowers) and 
Fruits, in which department the Editor is assisted by 
gardeners and specialists of great experience. 
Correspondents who may require their communica¬ 
tions, if not accepted, to be returned, must in all cases 
enclose stamps for the return postage. The name and 
address of every writer must be given, not necessarily 
for publication, if that is not desired, but simply as a 
guarantee of the writer’s bond fides. No notice what¬ 
ever will be taken of anonymous letters. 
It is particularly requested that correspondents 
will favour us with their communications as early in 
the week as possible, and that they address them only 
to “The Editor.” 
When sending Flowers or Fruits for identification it 
is requested that not more than six be sent at one time, 
that the specimens be good ones, and all legibly 
numbered. 
-- 
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 
Chrysanthemum. — J . H. F. : The leaves are attacked by the 
maggot of a small fly (Phytomyza nigricornis), and all you can 
do is to remove the worst leaves and burn them, and destroy the 
maggots in the others by pinching them between the thumb and 
finger. Syringing the leaves with tobacco-water occasionally is 
recommended as a means of preventing the fly from laying its 
eggs on the leaves. 
Insects. — Plaistow: Injurious Insects, by Miss Ormerod. 
Published by Simpkin, Marshall & Co. 
Names of Plants. — M. J . It . : 1, Trachelospermum jasmin- 
oides, commonly called in gardens Rhyncospermum ; 2, Diplacus 
glutinosus, var. puniceus. The Trachelospermum is easily pro¬ 
pagated by cuttings made of the half-ripened shoots in July. 
Insert them under a bell-glass in a good stove heat, or in a close 
frame. J. Exell: 1, Habenaria chlorantha : 2, Orchis maculata ; 
3, an undescribed var. of the latter; 4, Gymnadenia conopsea ; 
5, a pale form of Orchis maculata. A. T. B. G. : 1, Eriophorum 
vaginatum; 2, Eriophorum polystachyum; 3, Lilium pyren- 
aicum ; 4, Sedum Rhodiola; 5, Hieracium aurantiacum; 6, 
Arnica montana, M. IP .: 1, Iris pseudacorus; 2, Thalictrum 
aquilegifoliuin ; 3, Thalictrum angustifolium ; 4, Heuchera 
Americana; 5, Betonica grandiflora ; 6, Geranium pratense ; 7, 
Iris pseudacorus variegata; 8, Astrantia major; 9, Geranium 
Phffium luridum ; 10, Pyrus aria, the White Beam Tree; 11, 
Alchemilla alpina var. conjuncta ; 12, Geranium sanguineum ; 
13, Thalictrum minus var.; 14, Lychnis vespertina; 15, Geranium 
not recognised, the flowers had dropped off; 16, Chrysanthemum 
leucant.hemum. Please be more moderate in your demand on 
our time when you send again. Our rule is only to name six 
specimens at a time. 
Potatos. — St. Quivox: Unless your ground is in good heart, 
and was well prepared before planting, you cannot do much now 
to make your Potatos grow large. Nipping the tops off the 
stems will not help them, but thinning the stems to two or three 
to each root will tend to the development of finer samples than 
you can get under ordinary treatment. 
Communications Received.— J. Campbell—J. R. F.—J. T.— 
G. F.—W. Downes—W. S. —Nobilius—W. C.—F. S. A.—B.— 
C. S. 0.—Regulus —D. W. 
-->*<-- 
TEADE CATALOGUES EECEIYED. 
John Laing & Sons, Forest Hill, E.C. -Abridged Catalogue 
of Plant Novelties. 
-«» 2 <*- 
LONDON SEED TRADE. 
June 17th. 
Messrs. Hurst k Son, 152, Houndsditch, report no 
business passing in Clover or Grass Seeds. Some 
French dealers are offering new Trefoil and Trifolium 
for forward delivery at moderate prices, but buyers 
here do not operate. Rape Seed easier. Mustard 
steady. Bird Seeds unchanged. 
-- 
OOVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
June 19 th. 
Fbuit.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
Pine-apples, St. s.d. s.d. 
Michaels.each 2 0 7 0 
Strawberries., per lb. 2 0 4 0 
s.d. s.d. 
Apples .J-sieve 2 0 4 0 
Grapes .per lb. 2 0 4 0 
Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 10 16 
Canadian and Nova Scotia Apples, per barrel, 7s. to 17s. 
Vegetables.—Average Retail Prices. 
s.d. s.d. 
Artichokes, Globe,doz. 3 0 6 0 
Asparagus ....per 100 2 6 5 0 
Beans, French, per lb. 1 6 
Beet .per dozen 2 0 3 0 
Cabbages_per doz. 1 6 
Carrots ... .per bunch 0 6 
Cauliflowers, English, 
per dozen 3 0 8 0 
Celery ... .per bundle 2 6 
Cucumbers ....each 0 4 0 10 
Endive, French, doz. 2 6 3 6 
I s.d. s.d. 
Herbs .... per bunch 0 2 0 4 
Horse Radish, bundle 3 0 5 0 
Lettuces .. per dozen 16 2 0 
Mushrooms, p. basket 13 2 0 
Onions.. ..per bushel 7 0 9 0 
Parsley.... per bunch 0 6 
Radishes .. per dozen 1 6 
Small salading,punnet 0 4 
J Spinach, per strike ..20 
| Tomatos -per lb. 1 0 10 
Turnips _per bun. 0 6 
Potatos.- Kent Regents, 80s. to 100s. per ton; Kent Kidneys 
80s. to 100s. ner top ; Cbsippiops, 70s. per top. 
