790 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
August i0, 1889. 
M. Albert Truffaut, of Versailles; but it is now 
in the collection of Mr. B. S. 'Williams, to whom 
we are indebted for the opportunity of illustrating 
it. A specimen was exhibited at a meeting of the 
Royal Horticultural Society in the spring of this 
year, and received a First Class Certificate. 
■-*>$<-- 
The Amateurs’ Garden. 
Layering Carnations. 
Now that the best of the flowers are over, the seedlings 
have bloomed, and the good varieties marked for 
retention, layering may be proceeded with without 
further waiting or loss of time. Get ready a quantity 
of light rich soil ; old potting material sifted will do, 
and if this is too heavy add some sand and leaf-soil, 
mixing the whole thoroughly. The soil, to a little 
distance around each plant, may be raked back with a 
trowel, and a quantity of the prepared compost placed 
in its stead. Then remove a few of the lower and 
older leaves from the shoots to be layered, and make a 
cut about \ in. long with a sharp knife, entering at a 
joint and passing inwards and upwards, being careful 
at the same time not to sever the shoot from the main 
stool. Next bend the shoot slightly, so as to make the 
cut gape open, and fix it down on the fresh soil with 
a peg or layering pin. When all the shoots on a 
plant have been so treated, cover them up with another 
layer of the prepared soil. Before leaving off work, 
give the newly-layered plants a good watering through 
a rosed pot, so as to settle the soil about the layers, and 
this may be repeated from time to time if the weather 
continue dry. 
Budding Roses. 
Much will depend upon the state of the weather and 
the state of growth of the Roses as to when budding 
should cease, but no time should be lost in hastening 
the completion of what budding is intended for this 
year. Those that were done early in the season must 
now be gone over, and the ties inspected to see that 
they are not cutting into the wood by the swelling of 
the shoots. Where this is the case they should be 
untied, and done over again a little more loosely. It 
may be well to leave them a little longer until the bud 
has made a firm union with the stock. The latter 
may be shortened in proportion to the strength of the 
shoot proceeding from the inserted bud. 
Chrysanthemums. 
Disbudding should now be attended to and continued 
up till October. If very large and few blooms are 
wanted, the first bud making its appearance should be 
retained, pinching out all others which appear in the 
axils of the leaves beneath it. This is termed the 
crown bud. Should more blooms be desired a few of 
the lateral buds must be allowed to develop. The 
latter are spoken of as terminals by Chrysanthemum 
growers. As soon as the flower buds can be discerned 
feed the plants twice a week with a small quantity or 
a weak solution of some good artificial manure, or what 
answers equally well, weak liquid manure. 
Vallotas. 
These useful and easily-grown bulbs are now in many 
cases throwing up their flower-spikes, and where such 
is the case the plants will be much benefited and the 
flowers larger if a weak dose of some stimulant be given 
twice a week until the flower-buds expand. Few bulbs 
are more suited for window culture, or produce a better 
display when they come into flower. Being evergreen 
there is less objection to it than in the case of the 
Belladonna Lily (Amaryllis Belladonna), which is 
quite leafless when it flowers in autumn. 
Rudbeckia speciosa. 
Amateurs who are unacquainted with this beautiful 
Composite would do well to obtain it. In the course 
of this month it will be in full bloom, and last a long 
time in perfection. The flower-heads are about 2 ins. 
or 3 ins. in diameter, and have long, golden yellow 
rays, with a conspicuous black disc. For a Rudbeckia 
it is remarkably dwarf, varying from 1 ft. to 2 ft. in 
height, according to soil and nature of the season. A 
bed of this, or even a broad margin to one, has a fine 
effect, owing to the strong contrast produced by the 
black and yellow colours. It is more frequently known 
in gardens under the name of R. Newmanni than under 
its correct name. When once the proper plant has been 
obtained there is no difficulty in propagating it to any 
extent by division, or by the separation from the old 
plant of the short stolons which it produces. 
Garlic, Shallots, and Onions. 
The warm dry weather that has prevailed during the 
latter part of July and the first of August has materially 
assisted in the ripening of these bulbs, which should 
therefore be lifted and laid out in a sunny position to 
dry, or in the event of rain, may be transferred to the 
floor of a dry airy shed, or tied in bunches and hung 
up. Onions will probably not be all ready at the same 
time ; so much depends upon the variety that the 
various kinds must be pulled at different times and 
laid out to dry. Do not, on any account, allow a 
second growth to take place by the advent of rain, 
otherwise the quality and the keeping powers of the 
bulbs will be greatly impaired. Those with very thick 
necks and proportionately small bulbs may be pulled 
for immediate or present use, while those of an inter¬ 
mediate character may be induced to ripen up by 
bending their necks. 
Tomatos. 
Plants that were well forward in spring before planting 
out will now have commenced to ripen their fruits on 
walls and in sunny sheltered positions. The greater 
proportion is still, however, far from ripe, and the re¬ 
sources of the plants must be centred on the fruit by 
removal of the lateral shoots and all unnecessary 
branches, which vigorous and healthy specimens are 
now producing in profusion. Our summer is too short 
to allow of the proper maturation of an unlimited 
quantity of fruit. 
-=*g=<*<*- 
OTES ON IgRUJTS. 
The Hessle Pear. 
The earliest Pear that finds its way into our markets in 
large quantities, either from home or foreign-grown 
produce, is the Hessle, Hessel, Hazel, or Hasel, as it is 
variously corrupted by the market-men and others. 
Those in the market now are probably all or mostly of 
foreign growth, but in this country, at least, it will not 
be properly in season till October. The high colouring 
which it takes on even at this early period whets the 
appetite of the younger members of the population, 
and consequently we find the fruits hawked about the 
streets everywhere in large quantities, besides those to 
be found on the stalls and in the shop windows of the 
wealthier classes of people whose vocation is that of 
selling fruit and vegetables. The fruit is top-shaped, 
and small even when grown under the conditions and 
in the soils most favourable to it ; but the enormous 
quantity produced by a single, healthy, and large-sized 
tree, will enable the variety to hold its own as a 
market Pear for many years to come. The tree is also 
hardy and vigorous, matters of no small consideration 
for the fruit-grower, who will always afford room to 
that which brings a fairly good return independently 
of its appearance when placed on the table. When 
perfectly ripe, however, the Hessle Pear is tender, 
juicy, sweet, and highly fragrant. The skin is 
greenish yellow, and heavily suffused with russety 
spots on the exposed side, or sometimes all over. 
Citron des Cashes Pear. 
Very early Pears will always be grown in a certain 
number of establishments, where the desire is to have 
the first or earliest of everything as it comes into 
season. Its earliness and quality are the chief points 
that recommend it to the attention of cultivators, 
because the fruit itself is comparatively very small, 
obovate, and when first fit for use is of a bright green, 
and not at all tempting in appearance. As it becomes 
mellow, however, the green gives change to a yellowish 
tint, and then the fruits must be used, as they do not 
keep well after this stage. The flesh is delicate, 
yellowish white, melting, and pleasing to the palate. 
The tree is hardy, bears well as a standard, and if 
grown on the Quince its early maturity will be hastened. 
Its usual period of ripening is July and August, and in 
warm summers it may be had fit for use about the third 
week of the former month. The variety originated in 
France, as the name would suggest, and was first 
noticed in the garden of the Carmelites at Paris. 
Pear, Calebasse Aeb^: Fetel. 
Although put into commerce about fifteen years ago, 
this Pear has not made much progress in getting 
disseminated amongst the fruit-growing public. This 
is probably to be accounted for by its ripening un¬ 
fortunately at a period when the store-room is glutted 
with fruit that must be Utilised immediately or suffered 
to waste. The fruit is of great size, Pear-shaped, 
elongated, pale green, ripening to yellow, abundantly 
spotted or punctated all over with small fawn-coloured 
markings, and suffused with red on the exposed side. 
The flesh is melting, very juicy, and sugary. The tree 
is of moderate vigour, with ovate, smooth, deep green 
leaves, and bears freely. It has a strong resemblance 
in many points to the Pear known under the various 
names of Cuvelier, Surpasse Napoleon, Miel de 'Waterloo, 
and Pear of the Ursulines. There is a beautifully- 
coloured illustration of it in the Bulletin d’Arbori¬ 
culture, de Floriculture, &c., June, 1889. 
-- 
ARDEN 1NG fflSCELLANY. 
--t-- 
The Tiger Lily. 
The various forms of this fine old garden Lily are now 
coming into bloom everywhere, and what adds to their 
value is their extreme hardiness and the durability of 
the bulbs when once established in the open border. 
In this respect Lilium tigrinum takes rank with 
L. candidum, L. pyrenaicum, L. dahuricum, L. Mar- 
tagon, and others of that class. In some gardens beds 
are planted with L. tigrinum, and merely receive an 
annual top-dressing of old hot-bed manure or decayed 
leaves. All other cultural treatment simply consists in 
keeping the beds clean. The Lilies come up and flower 
magnificently every year. The small bulbils produced 
in the axils of the upper leaves drop and get covered 
with the annual top-dressing, producing small plants 
the following summer. The strongly-revolute segments 
are closely spotted all over with black. The double- 
flowered variety is admired by some, but it lacks the 
gracefulness of the single ones, such as L. tigrinum 
itself, L. t. splendens, and L. t. Fortunei. 
Carnation, Paul Engleheart. 
I SEND you a bunch of the bedding Clove Carnation, 
Paul Engleheart, ■which I have been distributing for 
the past two seasons. It is what it professes to be—a 
first-rate border plant, especially valuable for massing, 
and, as you will see, the stems are so sturdy that they 
are able to support the fine head of flowers without 
stakes. Those sent are cut from last season’s layers, 
the plants being less than a year old, but the second 
season we reckon to be the best for this particular 
variety, when the clumps are grand, with some 200 
flowers often at once on each. Autumn planting seems 
to be absolutely necessary to its well-being, as layers 
kept in pots during the winter are not to be compared 
with those planted out in October, a fact which should 
be noted in its cultivation.— Gilbert Davidson, Amman¬ 
ford, R.S.O. [Paul Engleheart is a more robust grower, 
and deeper in colour than the old crimson Clove, a 
wonderfully free bloomer, and deliciously scented. A 
grand border flower.—E d.] 
Alocasia, President Comte Oswald de 
Kerchove. 
Whoever named this Aroid might have been a little 
more moderate in the length of its name, for the sake 
of gardeners, who are likely either to reduce it in size, 
or make a terrible mess in the spelling. The plant is 
new, and a very bold-leaved subject, recalling that of 
A. Thibautiana, and has similar shield-shaped, some¬ 
what peltate leaves of telling dimensions. The petioles 
are about 2 ft. or 3 ft. in length, and closely marbled 
with brown on a paler ground. The lamina is pendent 
or nearly so, and of a dark metallic lustre, traversed 
with a midrib and some strong lateral veins of a soft 
pale green coloui. On either side of these is a silvery 
grey band, while the whole of the rest of the surface is 
reticulated with slender silvery veins. It is a strong- 
growing plant, and if allowed to attain a large size, 
must indeed be handsome. Specimens may be seen 
at Upper Holloway, in the nursery of Mr. B. S. 
Williams. 
Carnation, Souvenir de Hans Mackhart. 
This is one of the very best white-flowering border 
Carnations we have. Among florists’ flowers it would 
not pass muster at all, but a large bed at Swanley 
shows it to be a good grower and free bloomer, and the 
large blooms so freely produced are pure white. A 
capital variety for cutting. 
Blue Globe Thistle. 
Several species of the genus Echinops are equally 
entitled to the above designation as E. Ritro, but the 
latter is one of the best for general cultivation in the 
