806 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
August 17, 1889. 
flowers, having four creamy yellow blotches in the 
throat. It is matter for wonder that such a charming 
British plant should not find a place amongst annuals. 
The stems vary from 2 ins. to 15 ins. in height, 
according to the amount of soil in the gravel. It 
evidently likes a light soil, and that should be borne in 
mind when sowing it. The smallest plants bear only 
one, or at most a few flowers, but the latter are as large 
as those on a full-sized plant, and infinitely beautiful. 
Specimens occur in great abundance, but only in a few 
scattered and gravelly places. 
All over the older-laid-down portions of the gravel 
Silene maritima grows in great profusion. The plant 
is dwarfed, and the bladdery inflated calyx is generally 
purple or red, whereas it is normally green in deeper 
and richer soils. Some albinos occur, in which the 
normally white corollas are enhanced in beauty by the 
calyx being pale sulphur or creamy white. Solanum 
Dulcamara flowers and fruits in great profusion, and 
on the outer edges of the gravel the Sloe, Honeysuckle, 
Yerbascum thapsus, and Corydalis claviculata are 
beautiful and interesting. Saponaria officinalis, or the 
Soapwort, is not really a native, hut it is thoroughly 
wild in many places here, and is both luxuriant and 
far more floriferous and showy than when grown in 
gardens. The stems are much branched, producing 
huge terminal fascicles or bunches of large, pale rosy or 
lilac-purple flowers. In the neighbouring gardens the 
foliage is darker, but the flowers are scanty. It has 
probably been originally a garden escape amongst 
rubbish, or the seeds might have been transported by 
birds or other animals ; but it is now found at long 
distances from any house, making a garden of the 
desert. A beautiful plant is the Musk Thistle (Carduus 
nutans), with large nodding heads of deep purple, 
sweet-scented flowers. The bristling spines sur¬ 
rounding the head have here acquired a purple tinge. 
To the westward, on the chalk cliffs overhanging the 
sea as well as over the grassy top of Beachy Head, are 
many of the prettier or more interesting British plants 
affecting a chalky soil. Very plentiful on the chalk 
cliffs is Raphanus maritimus, supposed to be the 
original and wild form of the garden Radish. Another 
economic plant, the Sea Kale (Crambe maritima), 
grows in places along the face of and at the foot of the 
cliffs. It has very much the appearance of the cul¬ 
tivated plant. In similar places Statice spathulata is 
both plentiful and beautiful, and together with ~W all¬ 
flower, grows in very inaccessible places. The Wild 
Stock occurs in places, hut is evidently an escape over 
the cliffs from a neighbouring garden. 
On the grassy slope of the heights, Thesium lino- 
phyllum, a rare representative of the order to which it 
belongs, may he found spreading about amongst the 
grass. The short turf is rendered gay by Seabiosa 
Columbaria, Phyteuma orbiculare, and Campanula 
glomerata, all three of which are exceedingly pretty on 
chalky and grassy downs by reason of their dwarf 
habit. All have blue flowers of different shades, those 
of the Campanula being of an intense purplish blue, 
and produced in a head at the end of stems varying 
from 3 ins. to 9 ins. in height. The purple flowers of 
Centaurea seabiosa and Medicago sativa (Lucerne) are 
also effective. The Squinancywort (Asperula Cynan- 
chum) has charming pink flowers, but is prostrate and 
less conspicuous than the common Woodruff. Bo- 
tanically interesting is Rapistrum rugosum, a south 
European plant that appears to have obtained a footing 
in places, and might have been introduced with ballast 
or some similar agency. The common Mallow and 
Lavatera arborea may also he seen, hut the latter is no 
doubt an escape. 
Seaside Trees and Shrijbs. 
Ho one can visit Eastbourne without noticing the vast 
quantities of the Tamarisk (Tamarix gallica) covering 
the steep sloping banks all along the side of the two 
miles of esplanade facing the sea in front of the town. 
The esplanade has only recently been completed at the 
far end nearest to Beachy Head, and the plants, 
although healthy and firmly establishing themselves, 
are only about 1 ft. high. Nearer to and in front of 
the town the hank is thickly covered with thousands of 
healthy thriving plants, 3 ft. or 4 ft. high. The 
terrace above the bushes is lined by a low closely- 
pruned hedge of the same feathery-looking shrub. 
Low walls are being covered with Ivy of different 
kinds. There are also long hedges of a very composite 
kind, but consisting of various evergreen trees and 
shrubs, which are kept low by pruning with the knife, 
not the shears. Noticeable amongst them were the 
Tamarisk, Euonymus japonieus, Quercus Ilex, Lauras 
nobilis, Viburnum tinus, Veronica Andersoni flowering 
in great profusion, the Furze, and the Tea Plant 
(Lycium barbatum), which is very fond of maritime 
situations. Besides some of those already mentioned, 
the fronts of the houses are covered with Virginian 
Creeper, also Ampelopsis tricuspidata in great beauty, 
Passiflora coerulea, White Jasmine, Magnolia grandiflora, 
and others. 
Amongst the trees one meets with the Holly, Syca¬ 
more, Black Poplar (Populus nigra) and P. canadensis 
aurea. The latter has evidently been grafted standard 
high, for branches bearing green leaves only often occur 
amongst the yellow ones. In walking through the 
streets of the newer part of the town one can hardly 
fail to observe a stiff, erect-branched and slow-growing 
variety of the common Elm, the leaves of which are 
very densely arranged, and curved or twisted backwards 
against the shoots bearing them. The whole head of 
the tree is very dark green in colour, dense, and 
apparently of slow growth. 
What had simply been mounds of chalk-rubble and 
other rubbish on the sites of some of the new houses in 
the west end of the town, have been transformed into 
great mounds or miniature hills behind the houses 
facing the sea and quite sheltering them from the north 
winds. Between these mounds are the carriage and 
other pathways. The mounds themselves are covered 
with a living greenery of dark green Euonymus bushes. 
In other places one may discern huge bushes of Veronica 
Andersoni, V. ligustrifolia, V. parviflora, V. Traversii 
and others, now a mass of bloom. The first named is 
certainly fine, with a profusion of dark blue flowers. 
Large hushes of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) are 
also to be seen in places quite a picture of health ; it is 
essentially a sea-side plant, and the generic name comes 
from ros, dew, mare, the sea, meaning sea-dew. There 
are also thriving young plantations of various deciduous 
trees. Taken on the whole, the most prominent and 
most largely cultivated subjects on the sea front are 
the Tamarisk and Euonymus japonieus with its many 
varieties. — Visitor. 
-«f>3e*5-- 
The Amateurs’ Garden. 
The Chimney Bellflower. 
As the season comes round for this beautiful subject to 
flower it may serve to remind those who have not yet 
attempted its cultivation how enlivening an effect it 
has amongst other greenhouse subjects. It is rather 
late to sow seeds this year with a view to their bloom¬ 
ing the next, because if with good cultivation a few 
might send up flower-spikes, yet the greater number 
would probably not do so ; but then the plants would 
have time to gain strength, and flower magnificently 
in 1891. Seeing that the species is quite hardy, the 
seedlings may he planted outside after they gain some 
strength, and require no further attention until ready 
for lifting and potting up in the spring of the year, 
when evidently sufficiently strong to flower. It may'.be 
borne in mind, however, that they repay good culti¬ 
vation in moderately deep and rich garden soil, and to 
he liberally treated with liquid manure after becoming 
established in their flowering pots. If sown in boxes 
now, and transplanted or pricked off into others when 
well up, seedlings may be had of good size to plant in 
the open ground in autumn, even if there be no room 
to store them under glass until spring. Well-grown 
plants vary from 4 ft. to 6 ft. in height, and form long 
pyramidally-branching flower-stems, or inflorescences, 
as they are termed by botanists. The flowers of the 
typical Campanula pyramidalis or Chimney Bellflower 
are light blue and very elegant, while the white variety, 
C. p. alba, forms a most pleasing contrast. The name 
Chimney Bellflower is given on account of the custom 
of standing the flowering plants in the fire-place during 
summer. 
The Cape Hyacinth. 
This name is not inappropriately given to Galtonia 
candicans, a Cape bulb which, although allied to the 
Hyacinth, is botanically somewhat different. These 
differences, however, need not trouble the would-be 
cultivator of a plant which is every year receiving more 
and more of that attention which it undoubtedly 
deserves. The bulb, when received dry from the 
shops, is similar to that of a small Hyacinth, and 
white. This may either be planted in the open border— 
for it is quite hardy—or potted up according to fancy, 
convenience, or requirement. It makes a capital green¬ 
house plant, and may even he forced. The flowers are 
better, however, and last longer if they have been 
brought on under cool treatment. The leaves are 
similar in shape and texture to those of the Hyacinth, 
but are several times larger. From amongst these the 
flower-scapes rise to a height of 3 ft. or 4 ft., bearing 
in the upper portion a long raceme of drooping, bell- 
shaped, white blooms of relatively large size. There 
is another species or two, but that under notice is by 
far the best, and has the purest white flowers. Another 
fact that may he noticed is that when grown under 
glass the flowers are of greater purity than they would 
he in the open air ; and plants cultivated in the more 
southern and warmer parts of England have larger and 
better-coloured flowers than those grown farther north, 
where, although the plant is hardy, it flowers much 
later in the season, as might be expected. Bulbs may 
be obtained along with the annual consignments of the 
ordinary Hyacinth, potted up, and grown much in the 
same way. 
Lilies. 
Even where the bulbs of the Golden-rayed Japan Lily 
(Lilium auratum) and L. speciosum have been grown 
under very cool conditions in windows and elsewhere, 
they are now in flower or rapidly advancing to that 
stage. There are many beautiful varieties of L. auratum 
now in cultivation, all differing, more or less, in the 
markings and the colour of the ray, which is usually 
yellow, but may be white, creamy, red, or crimson. 
Some of these occasionally turn up amongst imported 
bulbs, but many more are obtained by sowing seeds of 
well-marked kinds, and raising up seedlings. There 
are also beautiful white varieties more or less pure. Of 
L. speciosum, some distinct varieties have long been 
grown under such names as L. s. album, L. s. rnhrum, 
L. s. roseum, and L. s. punctatum, according as the 
flowers are white, suffused with red or rose, or are 
simply spotted. The chief points to be attended to at 
present, whether the bulb3 are grown in pots or planted 
out of doors, are to attend to staking and tying to 
prevent the stems being broken about by the wind, as 
well as to present an air of neatness. Most cultivators 
also strive to obtain as large flowers as possible by rich 
feeding, either with liquid manure or some of the 
artificial kinds. It may be as well, however, to remind 
these careful growers that feeding may be carried to too 
great an extent, ruining the bulb for any future use. 
Moderation in this respect should be observed, and as 
the plants go out of flower, the pots containing them 
should be stood in a sunny position to ripen their bulbs. 
Transplanting Lilium candidum. 
It may he overlooked by some that the present is the 
best time to lift the bulbs of the white Lily. In other 
cases the autumn, or even early winter would be soon 
enough ; hut at no time of the year has the foliage 
so thoroughly died down as in August. The radical 
leaves, which should be encouraged to develop the 
resources of the plant, are always developed in autumn 
with the advent of the usual rains, and continue good 
until the flower-stems are being thrown up in early 
summer. Therefore, whatever bulbs are intended for 
lifting should he seen to at once. 
-- 
Moths on Jruits. 
Basing Park Melon. 
This Melon was exhibited by Mr. W. Smythe, Basing 
Park, Alton, Hants, at the meeting of the Fruit 
Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society on 
Tuesday last, when a First Class Certificate was 
awarded it. The fruit was of medium size, round, heavily 
netted, with a dark green flesh. Its flavour was ex¬ 
cellent, and it was highly commented upon by those 
who had the pleasure of tasting it. Of several varieties 
shown by other exhibitors none displayed so deep a 
colouring when cut, and the flesh was firm, juicy, and 
rich. 
Tomato, Chiswick Hybrid. 
This variety is quite new, and the result of a cross 
between Perfection and Horsefield’s Prelude. The fruit 
is intermediate in size between the parents, globose or 
nearly so, and of a good deep, bright shining scarlet, 
and very prolific, as indeed it might he if it takes after 
Horsefield’s Prelude, which, although a small fruiting 
kind, is very prolific, rich in colour, and sets its fruit 
freely, not only all through the summer, but up to very 
late in the autumn in a house even where no fire-heat 
is employed. Should it inherit these qualities of its 
parent, it will most decidedly prove an acquisition. 
The other parent is so well known and highly appreci¬ 
ated that comment is unnecessary. The specimens 
