August 31, 1889. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
837 
extent of space. E. mediterranea is closely similar, 
but tbe stems are upright, and its flowers are produced 
in spring—say, from March to May—whereas E. 
vagans blooms from July to September, and by the use 
of E. carnea, which flowers from January to April, we 
get a supply of bloom for nine consecutive months of 
the year. The Cornish Heath now in bloom has been 
so for a long time, and buds in all stages of develop¬ 
ment show that it will continue to decorate the borders 
and shrubberies for many weeks to come. The pale 
purple bell-shaped flowers are produced in axillary 
fascicles of two, three, or four together, forming a com¬ 
pound spike-like raceme of great elegance. When cut 
the flowers are very durable, and might be more exten¬ 
sively employed for this purpose. With regard to 
culture, it is by no means fastidious, any light but 
moderately and continuously moist soil being suitable, 
though, like all the rest of its kind, it gives greatest 
satisfaction when there is a good admixture of peat in 
the soil, even if the staple does not consist of that 
material. After having finished flowering, its rambling 
propensities may be regulated by trimming back, as it 
will have had time to develop new flowering shoots by 
July again the following season. 
Pascalia virginica. 
Under this name, which I had on the authority of 
Mr. A. Hemsley, I saw at Mr. H. B. May’s nursery at 
Edmonton a somewhat tall-growing Rudbeckia-like 
plant, bearing plentifully large golden yellow flowers 
with a dark disc. It is wonderfully free, very showy, 
and a most valuable plant to cut from. It is also a 
hardy perennial, readily propagated by root division. 
— E. D. [Is not this plant Pascalia glauca, the only 
known species ? —Ed. ] 
Rudbeckia maxima. 
Where the desire is to obtain a sub-tropical effect with 
hardy plants, this ought certainly to come in for a due 
share of attention on account of the deep glaucous hue 
of the foliage. The leaves are mostly radical, large, 
oblong or oval, and entire or very slightly toothed. 
The stem-leaves are few, and far apart, their number 
depending upon the size of the plant. The flower- 
heads are borne singly on long peduncles, and have 
long, drooping, bright yellow rays, with an elongated 
conical disc. The stems are perfectly upright, and 
vary from 5 ft. to 9 ft. in height, according to the size 
and vigour of the rootstock, together with the depth 
and comparative richness of the soil. It must be borne 
in mind that vigorous-growing herbs like that under 
notice are gross feeders, and that if a sub-tropical effect 
is desired they must be treated liberally, both in deep 
and good tilth as well as by manuring at the autumn 
or winter digging. Some advocate the principle of 
1 aving herbaceous borders undug, because forsooth more 
natural and more akin to their liking ; but if such a 
principle is to be carried into effect, why not apply it 
to the culture of Cabbages, Peas, Onions, and every¬ 
thing else ? R. maxima is not yet common in gardens, 
but we noticed a promising plant the other day, about 
5 ft. high, in the gardens of the Royal Horticultural 
Society, at Chiswick. 
Xeranthemum anmium flora pleno. 
The generic name of this plant is taken from two words 
signifying dry flower, in allusion to the radiating bracts 
surrounding the heads being of a dry or scarious nature, 
just as occurs in other species popularly termed Ever¬ 
lastings in this country and Immortelles by the French. 
There are some four or five species, and that under 
notice is the best. The heads are comparatively large 
and hemispherical, with very numerous purple bracts 
that have a gay appearance when expanded in full 
sunshine. For drying purposes, however, they are 
better when not too far advanced—say, about to 
expand, or even after they have been open for a day or 
two, because the bracts will yet close up and hide the 
disc when the sun is not shining upon them. The 
double-flowered variety, so-called, bears no relation to 
what occurs in double-flowered Roses for instance, nor 
even what happens in the case of so-called double 
Composites generally. Instead of the florets becoming 
elongated and flattened as we see them in many varie¬ 
ties of Japanese or reflexed Chrysanthemums, or quilled 
as in the case of quilled Japanese or Anemone kinds, 
the bracts of the disc, subtending the florets and 
usually short, have become elongated so as to fill up 
the disc or centre of the flower-head. A similar case 
occurs in Helipterum Manglesii flore pleno. A quantity 
of the subject under notice may be seen amongst other 
annuals on trial in the gardens of the Royal Horticul¬ 
tural Society at Chiswick. 
Fuchsia triphylla. 
The habit of this species reminds one of a miniature F. 
fulgens, and in proportion as the leaves and flowers are 
smaller, so is the floriferous nature of the plant increased. 
The colour of the flowers if anything is intensified, as 
they are of a glowing cinnabar-red, and about 1J ins. 
in length. They are successively produced in long, 
terminal, drooping or nodding racemes. The leaves are 
opposite or whorled in threes, small, and tinted with 
red, especially beneath and along the principal second¬ 
ary veins. The whole plant is dwarf, upright and 
compact, forming a beautiful subject for the conser¬ 
vatory or even the intermediate house, for coming as it 
does from the West Indies, it will stand a much greater 
amount of heat without drawing than will the greater 
number of cultivated or garden Fuchsias. It is as yet 
by no means common, but its merits deserve attention 
on account of it dwarf and distinct habit. The central 
stem varies from 1 ft. to 2 ft. in height, never more 
according to our observations, so that on the whole the 
plant possesses characters that might well be taken in 
hand by the florists for the development of a new and 
distinct race of Fuchsias. We noticed it quite recently 
flowering very freely in the nursery of Messrs. John 
Laing & Sons, Forest Hill. 
Annual Chrysanthemums at the Grove, 
Teddington. 
In the flower garden here a large bed with a line of 
standard Roses in the centre has been planted with 
some six varieties of Chrysanthemum carinatum, and 
the show of bloom has been excellent for some time 
past. Amongst the finer forms may be mentioned 
Lord Beaeonsfield and Burridgeanum. The former has 
the greater part of the ray florets of a rich and paler 
crimson in alternate stripes, with a narrow yellow zone 
surrounding the disc. The latter is at first pink, but 
as the outer florets commence to expand and then fade 
the disc becomes of a deep blackish brown. This is the 
prevailing character of the disc florets throughout the 
whole series of varieties. Burridgeanum has the tips 
of the ray-florets pure white, succeeded inwardly by a 
rich crimson zone, then a narrow yellow one surrounding 
the disc. Another fine form has the greater part of the 
ray-florets of a rich crimson, with a narrow yellow zone 
surrounding the centre. The rays of the variety Luteum 
are wholly of a bright yellow, while the disc is of the 
usual colour. Mr. Gladstone is something in the way 
of Burridgeanum, while The Sultan more resembles 
Lord Beaeonsfield in being striped, but of a paler 
colour with the crimson stripes often giving place to a 
distinct yellow. Having been raised in boxes and 
planted out, plenty of room has been afForded them to 
develop, with the result that the flowering period will be 
continued for months to come, instead of dyingawayafter 
having produced a few blooms on the terminal shoots, 
as is but too frequently the case when annuals are sown 
too thickly in lines and left to struggle with one 
another in the best way they can. 
Tillandsia Zahnii. 
Amongst the moderate-sized species of Billbergia, 
suitable for decorative purposes on account of the 
beauty of their foliage, independent of bloom, B. Zahnii 
stands pre-eminent. The leaves are linear or strap¬ 
shaped, moderately rigid, very numerous, and arranged 
in a somewhat vasiform tuft about 12 ins. or 15 ins. in 
height. They are of a pale green, and traversed 
throughout with deep red veins on both sides. Under 
a bad system of culture and overshading, the red colour 
will almost or wholly disappear and the plants look 
anything but ornamental ; but when fully exposed to 
the light the leaves assume their former vigour, and 
become more and more intensely coloured. It is a 
mistaken notion to suppose that these Bromeliads 
require shading, for great numbers of them grow in the 
most exposed positions, and that under notice will 
always be most ornamental when well exposed. It is 
by no means common in cultivation compared even 
with T. tessellata, and that itself is not particularly 
plentiful. Specimens may be seen at Forest Hill, in 
the nursery of Messrs. J. Laing & Sons. 
Dalechampia Roezliana. 
Although there are some sixty species of Dalechampia, 
the present is the only one that seems to possess any 
horticultural merit ; for although others have been 
introduced they probably do not exist outside of botanic 
gardens. D. Roezliana also differs from other members 
of the genus in being dwarf and erect, and not a tall 
scrambling climber. Being a member of the Euphorbia 
or Spurge family the flowers are, as usual, small and 
inconspicuous, the beauty of the plant depending upon 
the large rosy pink heart-shaped bracts or floral leaves. 
There is a white variety in cultivation, but not very 
common, the floral leaves of which alone have become 
changed. The true leaves are broadest above the 
middle, from whence they suddenly taper to a slender 
point, and more gradually to a cordate base. It is of 
upright habit and very slow growth and flowers when 
only° 1 ft. in height or less. The leaves of the climbing 
species are deeply and palmatelv lobed, resembling in 
many respects a Passion Flower, or some of the Cucur- 
bitaceae. 
The Gardeners’ Calendar, 
--T-- 
THE STOVE. 
Shading. —The sun is now much less powerful, and 
overshading must be guarded against in order that 
both wood and foliage may get thoroughly matured 
and hardened before winter. Where climbers are 
grown upon the roof, they will generally be sufficient 
to break the force of the sun’s rays for the greater part 
of the day, and it will even be necessary in cases to 
prune back, or partly so, those subjects that have 
finished flowering, in order to admit more light to the 
plants. Allamanda Schottii (A. Hendersoni) will 
continue to flower for some time, and it cannot there¬ 
fore be sacrificed, but the difficulty may be overcome 
where the roof has been too much overgrown, by 
thinning out weak or useless shoots, and tying in 
others so as to allow of the sun’s rays penetrating into 
the interior. 
Gloxinias. — The latest batch for autumn and 
winter flowering should by this time be well started. 
If so, put them into their flowering pots at once, using 
rather small ones for this late period of the year. The 
want of root room can be compensated for by supplying 
the plants with liquid manure from the time they 
commence throwing up their flower buds. By this 
method of treatment the roots and plants generally 
can be kept in a healthier condition than where a large 
quantity of soil has been used. 
THE GREENHOUSE. 
Preparing for Winter.— AIvantage should betaken 
of the first wet day, in order to give the interior of this 
structure a thorough clean out before introducing the 
hard-wooded subjects which have been located in the 
open air for a couple of months past or more. To do 
this thoroughly the plants must be removed to one 
end of the house, or into another, as convenience may 
direct, and then give the roof a thorough washing, both 
glass and wood. A syringing with paraffin and water 
may be applied if insects have been troublesome ; but 
care must be exercised where there are climbers in the 
way. Treat the staging in the same way, so that the 
house will be clean and ready to receive Heaths, 
Azaleas, and New Holland plants in general, whenever 
it becomes necessary to house them from inclement 
weather. _ 
THE FRUIT HOUSES. 
Vineries. —Where the earliest Vines intended for 
forcing are still immature, they should be encouraged 
to ripen by the use of a little artificial heat during the 
early part of the day, with plenty of ventilation at all 
times. Those Vines that were lifted in order to renew 
the soil of the border should be kept as cool as possible, 
to prevent the young buds from starting into growth. 
The roots will now be extending freely and taking 
possession of the new soil, so that the tops must be kept 
cool to prevent fresh growth. After a week or a few 
days of this treatment, the laterals may be pruned 
back with more safety. Vines with heavy crops of ripe 
fruit hanging upon them must not be allowed to get 
over dry at the root, otherwise they will be liable to 
become exhausted owing to the drain of moisture from 
them, more especially if the foliage is ample and good, 
while the berries will be liable to deterioration from 
shrivelling. 
Peaches. —See that inside borders are not allowed to 
become dry, otherwise serious results will ensue in 
spring, even if the danger is not apparent now. It is a 
mistake—now happily dying out—to keep the borders 
dry in order to hasten maturity. Out of doors the 
autumnal rains will do much to prevent this from hap¬ 
pening, and the roots will therefore be kept in a more 
naturally moist medium. Tie in any straggling shoots 
in late houses, so as to expose the fruit to light. 
THE KITCHEN GARDEN. 
Celery. —Keep earthing up Celery during dry weather 
and guard against soil getting into the crowns. The 
earliest crop will now be pretty well ready for use, but 
that need not prevent a final earthing up being given 
where necessary to assist in blanching what is not 
likely to be utilised for some time to come. A sprink¬ 
ling of superphosphate given to late and main crops 
will materially assist them in making good growth. 
Figs on Walls. —Fruits are frequently formed on 
the young shoots, and which cannot possibly attain 
maturity this season ; nor are they likely to remain in 
a healthy dormant condition till spring. Therefore 
they may be removed, which will prevent unnecessary 
exhaustion of the resources of the plant, with the 
