March. 16, 1889. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
457 
Daffodils were shown, and along the front of the table 
was a number of different species of Crocus, including 
C. Sieberi, C. S. versicolor, C. Imperati, C. aureus, C. 
bannaticus, C. biflorus Weldeni, and several other 
hardy bulbous subjects, such as Seillas, Bulbocodium 
vernum and Iris Rosenbaehiana. A similar award was 
made to the St. George’s Nursery Company, Hanwell, 
for a large and beautiful group of well-flowered 
Cyclamens in 48-sized pots. The strain was of the 
giganteum type, with very large flowers in many 
striking colours. One variety named Prince of Wales, 
with large deep rose flowers, received an Award of 
Merit. 
A good-sized collection of Alpines, chiefly Saxifrages, 
was exhibited by Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt. 
Amongst them were S. Burseriana, S. oppositifolia 
major, and its large form S. o. pyrenaica superba, also 
S. Frederici Gulielmi, S. Sancta, Galanthus plicatus, 
Androsace Laggeri and others. They also showed a 
quantity of small and other flowering Roses, including 
the Polyanthus kinds, Parqueritte and Mignonette. 
Some Orchids were shown by Mr. B. S. Williams, 
Upper Holloway, including Lielia albida bella, Odonto- 
glossum Humeanum, 0. baphieanthum, 0. facetum, 
Oncidium splendidum, Lycaste Skinneri alba, Cypri- 
pedium hirsutissimum and others. He had also some 
Azaleas, Primula floribunda, &c. A box containing 
many varieties of Primula sinensis blooms was shown 
by Mr. Robert Owen, Maidenhead. He had also 
Genista Oweniana, a hybrid, and a semi-double white 
Chinese Primula, which was certificated, and a late 
Chrysanthemum named Mrs. J. N. Jerard. Mr. J. 
Douglas, gardener to Mrs. Whitbourn, Great Gearies, 
Ilford, exhibited Hyacinthus azureus and Iris Rosen- 
bachiana, the latter being certificated. Mr. F. Ross, 
gardener to Sir Geo. Macleay, I’endell Court, Bletch- 
ingley, showed some cut flowers of Calliandra Tweedi- 
ana, Mutisia Clematitis, a curious scarlet or red- 
flowered composite, Canarina Campanula, and also 
Hardenbergia Comptoniana. Some beautiful hardy 
Primulas were _ shown by Mr. R. Dean, Ealing, 
including Cardinal, Lady Sandhurst, and Blue Gem, 
the latter being certificated. A vote of thanks was 
awarded to Mr. William C. Leech, of Albury 
Park Gardens, Guildford, for three boxes of Violets, 
including Marie Lemoine and De Parme, dark double 
blue ; Old Neapolitan, and Swanley Double 'White. A 
vote of thanks was also accorded to Mr. R. Manning, 
Manor House, Gunnersbury, for a basket of Chinese 
Primulas. Mr. E. Coleman, Camilla Lacey, Dorking, 
showed some sports from the old double white Chinese 
Primula. A Cineraria was shown by Mr. Hay, gar¬ 
dener to J. Nicholay, Esq., Iver, Bucks. Mr. W. 
Gordon, Twickenham, Middlesex, exhibited some 
Camellia blooms, and three Azaleas, named Ko Ko, 
Yum Yum, and Piti Sing'respectively, having purple or 
scarlet flowers. Four baskets and three pans of yellow, 
rose, red, crimson, and Hose-in-Hose Polyanthus were 
shown by Mr. H. B. May, Upper Edmonton. From 
the Royal Horticultural Society’s Gardens, Chiswick, 
came Saxifraga Burseriana. A pretty Primula, named 
P. petiolaris, was shown by Professor M. Foster, F.R.S., 
Shelford, Cambs, and it received an Award of Merit 
from the committee. 
Besides those already mentioned, some small and 
separate exhibits of Orchids were made. The finest 
plant in the show was a specimen of Dendrobium nobile 
Wallichii, about 1 yard in height and 4 ft. in diameter. 
It was shown by Mr. C. Beckett, gardener to B. Bryant, 
Esq, Juniper Hill, Dorking, and deservedly received 
a reward of a small Silver Medal. A Cultural Com¬ 
mendation was awarded to Messrs. Heath & Sons, 
Cheltenham, for a plant of Odontoglossum luteo- 
purpureum crispatum, bearing three spikes with an 
aggregate of fifty flowers. The Duke of Marlborough, 
Blenheim Palace, exhibited a plant of Cypripedium 
Ellioitianum. 
At a meeting of the Fruit Committee, Mr. Divei s, 
Wierton House, near Maidstone, showed a smalt 
collection of Apples, including Stone’s, King of Pippins, 
Summer Golden Pippin, Winter Hawthornden, Ribston 
Pippin, Northern Greening, White Queening, and 
others. Some beautiful examples of Calville Blanche 
Apple were shown by Mr. P. Blair, Trentham Gardens. 
In the afternoon there was a fairly good attendance 
of Fellows to hear a lecture by Mr. J. G. Baker, of 
Kew, on the genus Saxifraga. Mr. W. T. T. Dyer 
took the chair, and in addition to Mr. Baker’s lecture, 
which was mainly devoted to the geographical dis¬ 
tribution of the species, and their classification by 
botanists, a paper was read by Mr. George Paul, which 
was confined solely to cultural details. Both papers 
will be published in the forthcoming part of the 
society’s journal. 
LAW NOTES. 
A Railway Smoke Case. 
Bailey Denton v. The Great Northern Railway 
Co.—In this case, which was tried early last month in 
the Hitchin County Court, before His Honour Judge 
Bagshaw, the plaintiff, Mr. John Bailey Denton, of 
Orchard Court, Stevenage, sought to recover £40 for in¬ 
jury done to trees and flowers at Orchard Court by smoke, 
cinders, and the like emitted from locomotives on a 
siding of the defendants’ line, which adjoins his garden. 
The defence was that the company exercised their 
statutory powers in a proper and reasonable way. 
Mr. Snow Fordham (instructed by Mr. Nash, solicitor, 
Hitchin) appeared for the plaintiff, and Mr. Cyril Dodd 
(instructed by Messrs. Nelson, Barr, & Nelson, 
solicitors, London) for the defendant company. 
Mr. Fordham, in opening the case to the jury, said 
the plaintiff’s garden was separated from the defendants’ 
line by a wall, and just outside that wall there was a 
siding used by the company. A few years ago the 
shunting on that siding was done by horse power, but 
of late the traffic had increased, and engines had to be 
used. Volumes of smoke and a quantity of soot and 
cinders were thrown off by these engines, the conse¬ 
quence being that the plaintiff’s flowers and fruit in 
his garden were greatly damaged, and, in fact, the 
garden was rendered almost useless. Mr. Denton had 
from time to time complained to the company, but 
they had not, it would appear, taken steps to alleviate 
the state of things he complained of. It looked as if 
they were determined to drive Mr. Denton away from 
the place. We all knew that railway companies had 
statutory powers to use their lines, and the defendants 
would no doubt say that they were only acting under 
such powers ; but it had been held several times that 
in exercising them they must take every precaution in 
their power, and use every means that science could 
suggest to prevent injury to others. He would be 
able to prove that great damage had been done, and he 
would also prove that every precaution had not been 
taken. If great volumes of smoke and large quantities 
of soot and cinders were given off by the defendants’ 
engines and injured the plaintiff’s garden, it was clear 
that every precaution had not been taken. Engines 
could be worked in such a way as not to give rise to 
complaints of this kind ; he therefore asked the jury 
to award such damages to Mr. Denton as they them¬ 
selves would be satisfied with if they were inj ured in 
the same way. 
Plans and photographs of the siding and garden were 
put in on behalf of the plaintiff, and admitted by the 
defendants. 
Counsel for the plaintiff referred the Judge to the 
following cases -.— Vaughan v. the Taff Vale Railway 
(5, Burlston and Norman, 679) ; Geddis v. the Bann 
Reservoir Company (3, Appeal Cases, 450); Lawreiwe v. 
the Great Northern Railway Company (16, Queen’s 
Bench Cases, 643) ; Re Ware (9, Exchequer, 395). 
The defendants’ counsel relied on The London, Brighton 
and South Coast Railway v. Truman and others (11, 
Appeal Cases, 45) in which it was held that in order to 
recover damages for an admitted nuisance it must be 
shown that a railway company have acted outside their 
statutory powers. 
Evidence having been tendered for both parties, the 
Judge in summing up said he would ask the jury to 
answer the question—“ Has it been proved to your 
satisfaction that the defendants have caused injury to 
the plaintiff s fruit or other garden produce by smoke 
or dust beyond what would be caused by their exercising 
their Parliamentary powers in a reasonable and proper 
manner, and with due care ? In other words—Has 
the plaintiff proved negligence or want of proper care in 
the use of the shunting engines ? ” If so, they would 
answer the further question, “ What is the amount of 
damage ? ” 
The jury, after deliberating, said that they were of 
opinion that the company had not given sufficient 
attention to Mr. Denton’s complaints, but they were 
unable to agree upon the question whether the 
defendants had exceeded their statutory powers. 
The Judge explained to the jury that what they had 
to consider was whether there had been negligence— 
whether there had been due diligence in working the 
shunting engines properly. The plaintiff was bound 
to prove that the engines had improperly emitted 
smoke. 
After considering the case for nearly three-quarters 
of an hour longer, the jury again came into Court and 
said that there was no prospect of their agreeing. 
The Judge thereupon discharged them, and the case 
will have to be tried again if not settled otherwise. 
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 
Alocasias. A Constant Header: The tubers you sent us are 
affected with mites, rather larger than those which are found on 
the Eucharis. Whether these are to be blamed with the whole 
of the mischief is a great question ; but if you examine carefully 
under the decayed and flaky or corky outer portion of the tubers 
you will be able to find them close to the fresh and living por-’ 
tions. During summer, while growth is active, the tubers do 
not suffer so much, but when dormant in winter, they are much 
more liable to harm. What you had best do is to wash and scrub 
the tubers well with a brush in a solution of soft soap and 
sulphur, or Gishurst's Compound and sulphur; be careful 
however, not to in.jure either the tubers or their buds. After¬ 
wards wash with clean water, and allow the tubers to dry before 
potting them in a mixture of peat and well-decayed manure, with 
sand and a small proportion of good fibrous loam. Give plenty 
of water and a high temperature when making their growth in 
summer, and keep them dry, but in a warm pit or stove, during 
winter. 
Botanical Work. — Microscope: You cannot get a really useful 
compound microscope for any purpose at £2. If you really 
mean to invest in one, we should advise you to get a good one at 
once. We do not dissuade you from getting it second-hand 
There are no doubt good articles in the market, provided you 
can determine their value. You can obtain a really useful 
student s microscope, with all the necessary apparatus to 
commence with, for £5 5s. Back's Star Microscope for about 
£3 3s. is good at the money, but the light is by no means so 
clear as we should like. 
tabhshed the typical form you sent will evidently be good 
owing to the dark upper portion of the lip and the well-defined 
orange-yellow blotch in the throat, but the white band surround- 
ing the latter colour was not at all distinct; this will also prob- 
ably improve when the flowers attain their proper size The 
white variety, we believe, is C. 1. E. Wallisii, but we should be 
jumping to conclusions to say definitely in its present state. 
Ihe finest white form of the species is C. 1. E. ornata, which is 
distinguished by a large, deep orange blotch on the disc, extend- 
Trr°i^ lth a ^ roa( ^ ^ ne the base. The flowers of C 1 E 
Wallisii are also white, but distinguishable from the other bv 
havmg a very much smaller orange-yellow disc, and this is 
actually the case with the specimen you sent us. See that it 
retains this character when the plant becomes established. 
Names of Plants.—JIT. ./. R : l, Libonia floribunda;' 2 we 
cannot identify without flowers ; 3, Nerium oleander. 
Palms .—J. Hanagan: If you put a good wisp of straw a 
handful of paper, or some equivalent, into the petroleum barrels 
and set fire to it, so as to sweeten the inside, and subsequently 
give them a good cleansing, there is no reason why they should 
not do admirably for the Palms and tree Ferns. 
Papaver orientale, Blush Queen Erratum At n 
436 in the paragraph on this subject, fourth line from" the top 
for “America " read “ Armenia.” 
Primula Seeds. — H. JVeston: If the plants are in good health 
and you can assist them with stimulants, you may let all the 
flowers seed if necessary; but if you only want a small quantity 
for your own use, you should leave only the largest, best-shaped 
and best-coloured pips. A few good pods of choice, well- 
developed seeds will give more plants than most gardeners can 
Salvia patens and Anemone vernalis.— J. C., Leeds: The 
Anemone, if planted on a rockery, or in moist, well-drained 
sandy soil or peat, would stand the winter in Yorkshire but the 
Salvia certainly would not. It is not hardy even in the’south. 
Communications Received.— J. P.—J. B.—M T —G S A _ 
W. G.—R. 0,—S. B.—J. C.—E. S. D.—C. B. G.. 
-- 
THE WEATHER. 
At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean reading 
of the barometer during the week ending March 9th 
was 29 61 in. ; the highest reading was 30'0-3 in. on 
Tuesday evening, and the lowest 28'84 in. on Friday 
evening. The mean temperature of the air was 37'4° 
and 3'1° below the average in the corresponding weeks 
of the twenty years ending 1868. The mean was con¬ 
siderably below the average throughout the first four 
days of the week, but showed an excess on Thursday, 
Friday, and Saturday. The direction of the wind was 
variable, and the horizontal movement of the air 
averaged 12'3 miles per hour, which was 1'6 miles 
below the average in the corresponding weeks of six¬ 
teen years. Rain fell on three days of the week, to the 
aggregate amount of 0'5i of an inch. The duration of 
registered bright sunshine in the week was 26'0 hours 
against 26'5 hours atGlynde Place, Lewes. 
--KSH-- 
OOVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
March 16 th. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s.d. s.d. Pine-apples, St. s.d. s d 
Apples .J-sieve 2 0 4 0' Michaels.each 2 0 7 0 
Cobs .. per 100 lbs. Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 10 16 
Grapes .per lb. 1 6 4 6 1 Strawberries., per lb .12 0 14 0 
Canadian and Nova Scotia Apples, per barrel, 7s. to I7s. 
Vegetables.—Average Retail Prices. 
s.d. s.d. 
Artichokes, Globe,doz. 3 0 6 0 
Asparagus.... per 100 14 0 
Beans, French, per lb. 2 0 
Beet .per dozen 2 0 3 0 
Cabbages_per doz. 1 6 
Carrots .... per bunch 0 6 
Cauliflowers, English, 
per dozen 30 50 
Celery .... per bundle 3 0 
Cucumbers .... each 09 10 
Endive, French, doz. 2 6 3 6 
O.U.. 
Herbs ... .per bunch 0 2 
Horse Radish, bundle 3 0 
Lettuces ..per dozen 1 6 
Mushrooms, p. basket 1 3 
: Onions.... per bushel 7 0 
Parsley... .per bunch 0 6 
Radishes .. per dozen 1 6 
Small salading,punnet 0 4 
Spinach, per strike ..20 
Tomatos _per lb. 1 3 
Turnips _per bun. 0 6 
s.d. 
0 4 
5 0 
2 0 
2 0 
9 0 
2 6 
Potatos.- Kent Regents, 80s. to 100s. per ton ; Kent Kidneys. 
80s. to 100s. per ton ; Champions, 70s. per ton. 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s-d. s.d. s.d. s.d. 
Aralia Sieboldi ..doz. 6 0 18 0 Foliage Plants, vari- 
Arum Lilies..per doz. 9 0 IS 0 j ous .each 2 0 10 0 
Vzalea.per doz. 24 0 42 0 Genista_per dozen 9 0 12 0 
Cineraria ..per dozen 6 0 10 0 Hyacinths ..per doz. 6 0 9 0 
Cyclamen ..per doz, 9 0 IS 0 Lilies of the Valley, 
Cyperus, ..per dozen 4 0 12 0 per doz. 12 0 24 0 
Dracaena term., doz. 30 0 60 0 Marguerites per doz. 6 0 12 0 
— viridis, per dozen 12 0 24 0 Palms in variety, each 2 6 21 0 
Evergreens, in var., Pelargoniums,scarlet, 
per dozen 6 0 24 0 per dozen 6 0 9 0 
Ferns, in var.,perdoz. 4 0 18 0 Primula sinensis,doz. 4 0 6 0 
Ficus elastica ..each 1 6 7 0 l Solanums_perdoz. 6 0 12 0 
1 Tulips.per doz. S 0 10 0 
