September 5, 1891. 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
7 
few crimson spots and streaks on either side of the 
midrib on the lower half. They also possess a few 
papillae, or tubercular outgrowths near the base, as 
seen in L. speciosum, and the base of the midrib 
being green the centre of the flower appears occu¬ 
pied with a short six-rayed star. The species is 
almost certain to become popular with gardeners and 
others throughout the country.— J. F. 
and contentment. It is not every industry that can 
offer such advantages. 
It will be remembered that the grand Carlylean 
maxim was, “ Produce ! produce ! produce ! " This 
is a splendid utterance of the wonderful old rugged 
prophet and sage philosopher, whose writings are 
rightly counted amongst the most precious treasures 
of our literature and philosophy. Carlyle’s maxim 
is timely. Its counsel is greatly needed in our pre¬ 
sent age. It is a healthy tonic for the present day 
lassitude—a stimulus for the weary languor which 
seems to be creeping into the labour ethics of the 
end of the century. My brief remarks find focus in 
the same idea. The fruit growing idea is “ Produce ! 
produce! produce!” We are aiming at production. 
And this opens out the next phase of the subject to 
which I must briefly allude. Production includes at 
least two phases—quantity and quality. Whilst we 
aim for both we must insist upon quality. Let me 
write this out in capitals—insist upon quality. There 
is little room now for, and less profit upon, any¬ 
thing in the way of fruit that is not up to the mark 
as to quality. Soon there will be no ready market 
for anything but that which can be branded “ Ai," 
and I believe the day will never come when good 
fruit, well grown and carefully packed, will not find 
an eager market demand and a ready sale at profit¬ 
able prices, but we have to make steady and great 
advancement in this respect. I hope the day may 
come when fruits can be offered and bought by 
sample, when the fruit grower heed not stand idle in 
the market place behind his hampers waiting the 
whim of the purchaser, who in his turn is likely 
waiting for the decline of the day and corresponding 
decline of prices, a process which often goes on to 
save the necessity of carting home the unsold pro¬ 
duce. Why not sell the fruit by sample as grain and 
other produce of the earth can be sold ? Why can I 
not buy British fruit of a certain brand and a certain 
quality ? This must come together with improved 
market methods, central agencies, increased railway 
facilities, and other llessings for which we are 
waiting, and which a future organization connected 
closely with this industry must take in hand with 
determination. 
There are other questions, such as fruit preserva¬ 
tion, upon which I should have liked to have 
touched, but in a subject so wide we must leave 
certain tracts of interesting territory marked like the 
maps of the world, “ unexplored.” Fruit as food 
might be favourably and profitably discussed—in a 
double sense, if you like—but this must wait another 
opportunity. Ihere are other points, too, connected 
with the industry from a Government point of view 
—as, for instance, the fact, that whilst the fishery 
industry receives State aid, no such helpfulness is 
rendered to this, I venture to urge, more important 
industry of fruit growing. Another interesting and 
peculiar fact is, that whilst in some countries there 
is a Government supervision of orchards, and an 
insect infested fruit grove has to be reported to 
Government officials, so that the plague may be 
stamped out before its harmful influence is extended, 
our own Government at home limits such pre¬ 
cautionary measures to swine fever and foot-and- 
mouth disease. 
But upon these and 
other points such associ¬ 
ations as the British Fruit 
Growers’ Association, 
under the auspices of 
which I am permitted to¬ 
day to address you, are 
always ready to seize, and 
from this Association and 
other similar societies 
whose record of past work, 
though necessarily brief, 
as the history of the move¬ 
ment is brief, is as yet a 
noble testimony to good 
service actively rendered 
with most satisfactory re¬ 
sults—from this Associa¬ 
tion and other organisa¬ 
tions I look, with a full 
hope, for the better day 
which I am persuaded is 
about to dawn. There are 
pessimistic growlers who 
see puzzles and problems 
everywhere, men who 
have neither peace nor 
patience, who never get to 
the tops cf the mountains, 
but mope and maunder in 
the mist at the foot of the 
hills, and say solemnly 
and drearily that the sun 
is always obscured by the 
rain cloud, and the breath 
of the wind is full, of a 
blight curse. The Book 
of Job is believed to be 
one of the oldest books 
in earth's library, and 
you find Job's comforters 
were childrenof yesterday. 
They are with us to-day, 
and they are likely to be 
here to-morrow. We can 
pity them, but we can 
also afford to largely 
ignore them. To the right 
minded and the right 
hearted this industry — - 
this movement is a splen¬ 
did fact in the world's 
welfare. We do not consider the matter entirely 
from a pounds, shillings, and pence point of view. 
In speaking of an industry it is necessary to keep 
this in view, but there is another side to this 
question, a most important one. The future happi¬ 
ness of the nation, and other nations, for the subject 
is too large even for a nation—it is international in 
in its best, its highest aspects—the happiness and 
welfare can be, must be, largely influenced by an 
extended practice of fruit growing, involving of 
course an implied effect of this system, a largely in¬ 
creased use of fruits as the food of the people. 
There are weary eyes aching over the needle night 
after night, to these there is little to look at of 
this beautiful world — only the dull dim street; 
there are heavy hearts which hear no semblance 
to music, save the dinner bell at the factory; 
there are languishing spirits in close crowded 
courts fainting for the breath of the breeze. 
Toilers these in the towns whose lives are almost 
without hope. Open the gates of Arcadia I 
Lead the children out into a peopled paiadise. —• 
' Edmund J Baillie) Chester. 
FRUIT GROWING AS AN 
INDUSTRY. 
(Continued/rom page 832, Vol VII.) 
In the matter of the choice of kinds it seems 
necessary to utter a word of warning against the 
practice generally followed of choosing a great 
number of different varieties for the mere sake of 
multiplying sorts. It is much better to select such 
few good sorts as will meet the possible demands 
you are called upon to satisfy. Avoid, then, needless 
multiplication of kinds. The imported fruits, as 
received both from America and Tasmania as well 
as from other Edens over 
the sea, teach us this 
lesson emphatically. Hav¬ 
ing named half a dozen 
kinds you have nearly ex¬ 
hausted the types of the 
splendid American fruits 
which reach us, and 
though I would not wish 
to suggest a strict limit or 
to define it I would cer¬ 
tainly say it would be 
better in making out a 
list to be nearer six than 
sixty, that is of a given 
kind of any particular 
fruit, for I am not now 
suggesting that a fruit 
grower should grow noth¬ 
ing else but Apples. I 
would strongly urge that 
he should go in for general 
cultivation of Apples, 
Pears, stone fruits, berries, 
and some of the choicer 
vegetables, including 
Mushrooms and Tomatos, 
for all of which there is a 
constant and increasingly 
heavy demand. 
It is desirable to have 
plans so arranged that no 
particular season is so 
overcrowded with press¬ 
ing work as to necessitate 
neglect of some other de- 
partment calling for 
labour and immediate 
supervision. In cases of 
this kind it is usual that 
after this over - pressure 
there may come a period 
of prolonged feeble ac¬ 
tivity until the return of 
the time when a renewed 
outburst is needed to put 
matters upon a clear basis 
again. This may be said 
in another way by ex¬ 
horting the fruit grower, 
in the language of the 
familiar proverb, “ not to carry all his eggs in one 
basket.” He should be able to spread his resources 
with tolerable evenness over the longer period of the 
working days of the year, or in the busy time of the 
preparation for the market and the attendance there 
will constitute such a crowded day as will render 
attention to home duties—to the necessary demands 
of special growing crops—an irksome toil, an 
attempted futility, and must mean loss of money and 
repose of mind, of pleasure, of peace, and of profit 
—pleasure, which every man’s calling ought to give 
him, or he is better out of it; of peace, which every 
man’s life must have in some measure, and might 
have in fulness ; and of profit, without which we are 
unable to provide for the stern necessities of an 
existence demanding at least food, clothes, and 
shelter. With everything properly balanced, and 
with due regard to daily duty, there should follow 
that best of all rewards on the earthly plane—health 
Lilium Henryi, 
