October 3, 1891. 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
67 
could only be enjoyed by the privileged few, so that 
they come within the means of those whose incomes 
are of very modest proportions; and what would 
have been considered by many as extravagant 
luxuries are fast becoming daily necessities. When the 
public at large become convinced that the extrava¬ 
gant use of meat which too largely prevails is un¬ 
necessary, the choicer productions of the garden 
will be more in demand, and I am not without hope 
that the demand for these choicer productions will 
keep pace with the supply.— W. B. G. 
SCOTTISH NOTES. 
Hardy Fruits at Kinfauns Castle. — It is 
difficult to say whether the wall fruit or the 
standards in the gardens at Kinfauns Castle are most 
deserving of admiration. Both are alike good, and 
exhibit their own peculiarities. Taking the wall 
fruit first, the upper wall is well clad with Peach 
trees, including such varieties as Hale's Early, 
Princess of Wales, Dr. Hogg, Admirable, Noblesse, 
Early Elruge, Early Alfred, and the Pine Apple 
Nectarine. The entire crop on this wall is now, 
Sept. 2, very promising. One of the best of the 
trees is a very old one, probably planted about forty 
years ago, but the variety is at present unknown. 
Apart from this patriarch, the best-looking trees in 
the meantime are Hale’s Early and Early Albert. 
At the extreme end of the wall, sheltered from the 
east wind, is a very healthy young fig tree, bearing a 
promising crop. On the continuation of the same 
wall, behind the houses, are three heavily-laden 
Apricot trees, including the Moorpark and Shipley or 
Blenheim varieties. In the inner wall, at the north¬ 
east corner, our attention was directed to four Gage 
trees planted three years ago, viz., purple Gage, 
green Gage, transparent Gage, and Guthrie’s Gage. 
They all bear fair crops, but the noteworthy feature 
is that Guthrie’s is about double the size of the old 
green Gage. On the west wall are a number of 
Pears and Plums, one of the best of these being an 
old Victoria carrying a heavy crop of large fruit. 
Continuing along the south wall, north aspect, we 
find the space entirely covered with young Morello 
Cherry trees, with rasps in front, all of which are 
remarkable for wonderfully heavy crops. Notwith¬ 
standing the lateness of the season, the rasps are 
still a great crop, and Mr. Goodfellow informed us 
that he usually pulls this fruit till the middle of 
October. On the east wall, west aspect, there are 
four pear and six plum trees, the former including a 
Jargonelle about forty years old, carrying a particu¬ 
larly heavy crop, the other trees being also well 
furnished. On going over the outside walls, we met, 
at the south, with still greater surprises in the way 
of free cropping and large fruit. Growing side by 
side on this wall is a Peasgood’s Nonsuch and a 
Cellini (Apples) planted together specially with the 
view of determining the difference between the two 
varieties, as some growers regard them as the same. 
It must be admitted that at this season the difference 
is not easily distinguishable, but Mr. Goodfellow 
stated that when the two Apples come to maturity 
in December there is a marked difference in colour— 
the Peasgood having a light bottom, and the Cellini 
a bottom of dark yellow. Peasgood's Nonsuch was 
regarded as the grandest fruit at the first Chiswick 
Congress, is a free bearer, somewhat diffuse in 
growth, and its many good qualities and excellent 
flavour recommend it for general culture and exhi¬ 
bition. 
Close to these trees is a Vicar of Winkfield Pear 
very heavily ladened; Marie Louise, and another 
very old Pear tree with a number of grafts, which 
include William’s Bon Chretien, General Todtleben, 
Louise Bonne of Jersey, &c. On the same wall 
there are Apricots and Plum trees carrying good 
crops. The east wall, outside, is entirely covered 
with Plum trees bearing.a fair crop. At the top of 
the same wall we noticed an old Morello Cherry 
tree with an enormous crop, the entire tree being 
quite covered with the brilliant-coloured fruit of the 
very largest size. Outside the garden there is a nice 
collection of old standard orchard trees, amongst 
those we noticed as bearing great crops being Cock¬ 
pit, Halldoor, Domino, Blenheim Orange, and 
Bettie Geeson. Among the standard trees inside 
the garden are six very old ones, but they are not to 
be despised, although they are supposed to have 
been planted when the gardens were originally 
formed about i$?6, yij., two Cambnsnetlian Pippins, 
two of “ The John ” variety (now out of cultivation), 
one Ravelstone, and one Early Harvest. “ The 
Johns,” which have a girth of 5 ft. and 4 ft. 8 in. at 
2 ft. from the ground, are perfectly crowded with 
fruit. Amongst the standard Apple trees which have 
been recently planted we noticed Lord Suffield, Lord 
Grosvenor, Lord Derby, Warner’s King, King of 
Pippins, Wellington, Irish Peach, Sec., all bearing 
good crops. The Pears on standard include Beurre 
d’Amanlis, Moorfowl Egg, Craig's Favourite, Croft 
Castle, and the old hazel Pear. 
Although Mr. Goodfellow has this year been de¬ 
voting special attention to hardy fruits, he has not 
been neglecting the other departments. The vegetables 
are an especially fine crop. The Brussels Sprouts 
are something enormous, and the Carrots present 
a sight that is not often seen in an old garden like 
this, where they are frequently a failure. The 
Onions are a heavy general crop, and the rest of the 
crops are in proportion. While writing of hardy 
fruits, it may be mentioned that the fruit crop all 
along the Carse of Gowrie is much above the aver¬ 
age, and the orchards have realised better prices 
than they have done for the past five years. At 
Kinfauns Castle'gardens and orchards all kinds of 
hardy fruit have reached a state of perfection that 
has not been witnessed for many years in this part 
of the county, and Mr. Stuart Gray has to be con¬ 
gratulated upon possessing such a magnificent crop, 
while Mr. Goodfellow deserves commendation for 
the very careful way in which he must have man¬ 
aged the grounds to produce such results.— Perthshire 
Constitutional. 
Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society. — • 
International Show, 9th, 10th, and nth September. 
The following is a list of the Special Awards recom¬ 
mended for Exhibits not shown in competition.— 
Gold Medal. —Messrs. Thomson & Sons, Tweed 
Vineyards, Clovenford, for large table of choice 
Exotic Plants, Fruit, Flowers and Vegetables. 
Awarded by the Judges. 
Silver Gilt Medal. —The Royal Horticultural Society, 
London, for table of Apples, Plums, Damsons and 
Tomatos ; Messrs. Geo. Bunyard & Co., Maidstone, 
Kent, for collection of Apples, Pears, Plums and 
Kentish Cob Nuts; Mr. Walker, Ham, Surrey, for 
collection of Apples and Pears ; Messrs. Birkenhead, 
Sale, Manchester, for collection of Ferns; Messrs. 
Cannell & Sons, Swanley, Kent, for collection of 
Cactus Dahlias, Double Begonias, &c.; Messrs. 
Dickson & Sons, Nurserymen, Edinburgh, for collec¬ 
tion of Conifers; Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, 
Holloway, London, for collection of Stove and Green¬ 
house Plants. 
Silver Medal. — Messrs. Cheal & Sons, Crawley, 
Sussex, for collection of Apples and Pears, set off 
with stands of Dahlias ; Mr. John Watkins, Pomona 
Farm, Hereford, for collection of Apples, Pears, 
Plums, Damsons, Cider Apples, Perry Pears, Cider 
Champagne and Perry Champagne ; Messrs. Cocker 
& Sons, Aberdeen, for collection of Roses and other 
Cut Flowers ; Messrs. Cross & Sons, Glasgow, for 
collection of Fruits, Flowers, Plants and Vegetables ; 
Mr. H. Deverill, Banbury, Oxfordshire, for table of 
Onions, Carrots and Leeks, &c.; Messrs. Dobbie & 
Co., Rothesay, for table of choice varieties of Cut 
Flowers, &c.; Messrs. Laing & Sons, Forest Hill, 
London, for table of Begonias, and useful Decorative 
Plants, &c. ; Messrs. Dicksons & Co., Edinburgh, for 
table of miscellaneous Decorative Plants; Messrs. 
Methven & Sons, Edinburgh, for table of Decorative 
Plants, &c.; The Saratoga Packing Co., California, 
for exhibit of sun-dried Californian Prunes; Mr. 
James Taylor, Bangholm, Edinburgh, for collection 
of Vegetables put up as sent to market ; Mr. Curror, 
Eskbank, for Oncidium incurvum, awarded for good 
culture ; Mr. A. McGregor, for Saccolabium Blumei 
majus, awarded for good culture. 
Bronze Medal. — Mr. Rust, Eridge Castle Gardens, 
Sussex, for collection of Apples and Pears, grown at 
an altitude of 400 ft. above sea level; Mr. Campbell, 
Blantyre, Lanarkshire, for table of Cut Flowers, &c. ; 
Mr. Cuthbertson, Rothesay, Bute, for table of Cut 
Flowers, &c. ; Messrs. Laing & Mather, Kelso, for 
collection of Carnations and other Cut Flowers ; 
Messrs. Stuart & Mien, Kelso, for table of Choice 
Flowers, &c. ; Messrs. Cutbush & Son, Highgate, 
London, for table of miscellaneous Decorative Plants; 
Mr. Hugh Dickson, Belmont Nursery, Belfast, for 
exhibit of forty-eight Blooms of 11 Mrg. John Laing ” 
Rose, 
Cleanings ftjonx t fm L Dxtrto 
Ripe Rot of Fruit. —It is now generally agreed 
that Gloeosporium fructigenum is the correct name 
for a fungus which attacks ripe fruits belonging to 
many genera, but behaves so differently on various 
kinds that a whole host both of scientific and popu¬ 
lar names have been applied to it by various authors. 
It is particularly at home on the fruits of a large 
number of Rosaceous trees, including Apples, Pears, 
Peaches, Apricots, Plums and Cherries, but also 
finds suitable food in the ripe berries of Grapes 
either black or white. When the Apple becomes 
attacked, it imparts an intense bitterness to the fruit, 
which should be borne in mind by those about to use 
affected samples for cooking purposes, as the smallest 
morsel permeated by the mycelium of the fungus 
will permeate and spoil a considerable quantity. 
The discoloured and decaying tissue should be care¬ 
fully removed in preparing Apples for cooking 
purposes. No bitterness is, however, imparted to 
Grapes, although it has been determined that the 
fungus attacking the Apple and Grapes are identical. 
No remedy or cure has yet been discovered that 
would be effective against the fungus, because it 
lives in the interior of the fruit and is only discern¬ 
ible after it has reached the fruiting stage, and is 
about ready to burst through the sunken skin of the 
most affected. All diseased samples should however 
be rigidly excluded from the fruit room, to prevent 
the spores front attacking clean and healthy fruits. 
A serviceable Gaillardia. —The species and 
varieties of Gaillardia grown in British gardens are 
useful only for decorative purposes either in the 
garden or in a cut state. Those are natives of the 
temperate parts of North America, but another sec¬ 
tion of the genus from the temperate parts of South 
America contains species with rayless flower heads, 
and which are therefore ill-adapted for garden 
decoration. One of these is G. scabiosoides, the 
flower heads of which emit an odour comparable to 
that of ripe Apricots. It extends over a considerable 
area of the western side of temperate South America 
as far as Patagonia. The flower heads are used by 
the natives either in the fresh state or dried and 
powdered in the form of snuff as a cure for head¬ 
ache. 
Science Progressive. —Science is not immutable: 
on the contrary, some leading facts become laws for 
ever consecrated ; the interpretation of secondary 
facts changes incessantly in a measure as their 
number grows, and as the conditions of their mani¬ 
festation become better known to us. No one can 
have the pretention to possess the last word of 
science upon vegetation. In the state of transition 
that we are passing through, the wisest party is he 
who holds himself as a witness of facts, without rest¬ 
ing on this side, as without going beyond it, and to 
avoid above all things systematic ideas .—Georges 
Ville. 
Odour of Cucumbers in other Plants. —The 
Cucumber plant, both leaves, stems and fruit, has a 
very pronounced odour of its own, and when we 
detect this odour in other plants we are apt to 
consider it as cases of imitation ; but there is no 
reason to believe that either of the under-mentioned 
plants would be benefited by imitating any of the 
others. The conclusion is that the coincidence is 
accidental. The flowers of Philadelphus coronarius 
smell like those of the Orange, but the leaves when 
bruised smell and taste like the fruit of the 
Cucumber. A similar difference between the flowers 
and leaves may be detected in the Meadow Sweet 
(Spiraea Ulmaria), and some other allied species. 
The flowers have rather a powerful odour, but it is 
quite different from that of the young and growing 
stems and leaves which, when bruised or trodden 
upon, give an agreeable but distinct odour 'of 
Cucumber, such as one perceives -when the grower 
is pruning or pinching his plants and throwing down 
the shoots on the floor of the house. The prunings 
of Melon plants give off a similar odour. One of 
the most curious instances perhaps which could be 
adduced is the Wedding Flower (Iris Robinsoniana), 
the flowers of which, at certain stages at least, smell 
distinctly of Cucumbers. Owing to the great height 
of the flower stems, it is seldom the opportunity is 
afforded to detect whether the flowers are fragrant, 
or not, and only one plant as yet having flowered in 
England proper, a flowering plant may yet be t pr... 
sjdered a rara (tyi § : —J F. 
