74 
THE GARDENING WORLD. October 3, I89i. 
WHAT TO DO IN THE GARDEN. 
Chrysanthemums.— Plants in pots should now 
be stood on a hard bottom, if not already accom¬ 
modated in that way ; the pots being well filled with 
roots, the continued wet weather will cause the latter 
to penetrate the moist soil much to the disadvantage 
of the plants when they come to be removed. Two 
narrow boards or pieces of wood would be very suit¬ 
able, inasmuch as the superfluous moisture could 
readily drain away. If standing on ashes, the plants 
might occasionally be turned round to prevent the 
roots from obtaining a footing outside the pots. 
Plants that were layered some time ago should be 
rooted, and may be potted up at once. Keep them 
close and occasionally syringe them for a few days 
till again established, after which they should get all 
the light and air possible. 
Primulas. — The early batch of Chinese Primulas 
should now be placed in the conservatory or some 
house with ordinary greenhouse temperature. The 
front benches or shelves near the glass are the best 
places for their reception, as they can get plenty of 
light and air. If the pots are well filled with roots 
give occasional weak doses of liquid manure. 
Salvias. —The more advanced of these plants 
may now be made to do service in the greenhouse or 
conservatory, where their blue, scarlet and purple 
flowers will afford a welcome change to the other 
occupants which are now getting past their best. 
Amongst others now in bloom are S. azurea, S. a. 
grandiflora (S. Pitcheri), S. involucrata, S. Grahami, 
S. pseudo-coccinea and S. patens, with its white 
V&riet}-. 
Roman Hyacinths. —The early potted batches 
will now have made some roots and commenced to 
push their crowns. A number of them according to 
requirements may be put in a pit, where the genial 
atmosphere will induce them to grow away more 
rapidly. Very little heat will be quite sufficient until 
they have made some advance, after which the 
temperature may be raised, or the plants transferred 
td a warmer house. 
Solanums. —‘Plants in the open ground will do 
all the better now if lifted, potted and placed in cool 
pits where they will be out of the reach of frost, 
which may be expected before long. Water 
immediately they are potted, and keep close for a 
few days, damping the foliage overhead until the 
roots begin to take to the fresh soil. This is 
necessary in order to preserve the foliage, which the 
change would otherwise cause to drop, making the 
plants look naked long before the winter is over. 
Verbenas. —Look over the stock of cuttings to 
see whether a sufficient number have rooted, and if 
there is a deficiency it may still be made good. Cut¬ 
tings put in now will, however, be benefited by a 
little bottom heat. Those that are rooted should be 
left in the open air as long as it is safe to do so, 
because if kept dwarf and sturdy they will cause less 
trouble in keeping them healthy during the winter. 
Vineries. — The chief attention required now in 
the vineries is the maintenance of a dry and airy 
atmosphere to prevent the berries from damping. 
The continued rainy weather makes the use of fire 
heat a necessity to dispel damp. The bunches 
should occasionally be gone over to remove decaying 
berries. The present is a good time to renew vine 
borders where the results have not been altogether 
satisfactory. The crop should be gathered before 
operations are commenced. A compost for filling 
the borders should also be in readiness before the 
old soil is taken out. One part each of horse 
droppings, lime rubble, and wood ashes to five parts 
of good calcareous loam will form a suitable com¬ 
post, and if some half-inch bones or Thomson’s vine 
manure is added so much the better. Use a fork in 
removing the soil to avoid injury to the roots as 
much as possible, until the latter can be separated 
and tied up in mats to keep them moist till again 
covered. See that the drainage is in proper order, 
relaying it if necessary. 
Late Melons. —The plants from which a supply 
of Melons is expected up to December should now 
be coming into flower. Therefore keep the atmos¬ 
phere of the house dry and airy until a sufficient 
number of blossoms is set. Take advantage of sun¬ 
shine during the early part of the day to set the 
flowers. After the young fruits are seen to be 
swelling more heat and moisture will be necessary to 
develop them properly and keep the plants in a 
vigorous condition. 
Late Fruits. — Peaches and Plums in the open 
are greatly improved in flavour and quality by being 
gathered a few days before they are required for 
use, and placed in a dry, warm atmosphere, such as 
that of a Peach house or vinery from which the 
crops have already been gathered. -Attend to the 
gathering of Pears end Apples for the fruit-room, 
also Plums, including Damsons, for preserving. 
Questions ADD ADSUJGHS. 
Names of Plants.— J.D. W, ; 3, Epidendrum tam- 
pense, from Tampa Bay, Florida. Constant Reader ; 
1, Begonia metallica ; 2, Begonia Weltoniensis ; 3, 
Begonia insignis ; 4, Begonia Worthiana ; Shrubs, 
1, Retinospora plumosa aurea ; 2, Thujopsis dolo- 
brata ; 3, Thuya orientalis aurea (we are somewhat 
doubtful about the variety from so small a piece at 
this season of the year) ; 4, Aucuba japonica vera. 
Is Soil Inexhaustible.— Erratum : At p. 39, in 
the first line of the paragraph on this subject, for 
" no ” read so.” 
Weight of PoTATds ter acre.— Omega : You 
ask what will be the yield per acre, if a drill 53 yards 
long yields 2 cwt. You neglected to state what was 
the distance from centre to centre of the drills, which 
varies according to the variety planted, and also 
according to the custom of different cultivators. 
This you must find out for yourself. By way of 
example, however, we state that 27 in. is a good aver¬ 
age width for field Potatos. If the field is 53 yards 
long on one side, find the length of the other by divid¬ 
ing 4840 square yards (the number of square yards 
in an acre) by 53. This will give 9132 lineal yards 
as the other side of the acre of ground, with a few 
more decimals which are unimportant. Divide 91 32 
by '75 (the width of the drills) as 27 in. is § of a yard 
or -75. The quotient is 121-76 and is the number of 
drills 53 yards long which an acre will contain when 
the drills are 27 in. apart. Each of those drills yield 
2 cwt., and the aggregate 243-52 cwt. which divided 
by twenty gives 12-176 tons, or 12 tons, 3 cwt., 2 qrs., 
2 /l pounds. This is only a moderate yield per 
acre. 
Broad-leaved Euonymus. — C. Jameson : The 
plant to which you refer must be Euonymus latifolius. 
Some consider it to be merely a variety of E. euro- 
paeus, but it has some botanical peculiarities besides 
size to justify its being kept separate. The broad¬ 
leaved forms of the Japan Euonymus seldom or 
never fruit in this country, and certainly never to 
the extent you speak of. It can readily be propa¬ 
gated from seeds sown now in a cold frame or in 
boxes placed there. They will come up next spring, 
but cannot be expected to flower or fruit for some 
years to come when raised in this way. Provided 
you can get nice clean shoots of this year’s wood, 
you might shorten them or cut them in lengths 3 in. 
to 5 in. long, and insert them in pots of sandy soil, 
to be placed in a cold frame. If placed in a little 
heat towards spring it would doubtless hasten the 
fruiting process. 
Grains of Paradise.— C. H.: They are the seeds 
of Amomum Grana Paradisi, or perhaps those of A. 
Meleguetta, for both kinds are sold under that name 
it is believed. They are the produce of plants allied 
to Ginger, and belonging to the same family, namely, 
Scitamineae. The creeping rootstocks of the plant 
are jointed similarly to those of the Ginger plant, 
and could no doubt be grown under precisely similar 
treatment. The leaves remind one of those of a 
Hedychium, both in shape and arrangement. The 
flowers are produced on short spikes densely covered 
with bracts, but as they rise but little above the 
ground they are of no ornamental value. If you 
care to raise some of the seeds out of mere curiosity 
sow in light sandy soil, to which a considerable 
quantity of leaf soil has been added, and place the 
pots in a propagating pit or stove. The interest 
attached to them arises from the fact that they were 
at one time largely used to adulterate beer and give 
it a fictitious strength. 
Communications Received. — C. T. — F. C.— 
B. L.—Sir C. J.—J. O B—T. F. R.—M. T.— 
G. W. C.-—R. D.—Stirling — G. A. S. (next week)— 
Gifford—Perth (next week)—Omega—Pyrus. 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
W. & J. Birkenhead, Sale, Manchester.—Cheap 
and choice Ferns and Sellaginellas. 
William Rumsey, Waltham Cross, Herts.—Roses, 
Trees, Shrubs, &c. 
George Phippen, Oxford Road, Reading.—Bulb 
Catalogue with cultural notes. 
Charles Turner, Slough.—Roses, Fruit Trees, 
&c. 
LONDON SEED TRADE. 
September 2Qth. 
Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, and 39, 
Seed Market, Mark Lane, report a slow trade for 
Trifolium incarnatum. Winter Tares and Rye, the 
latter articles being in full supply, are cheaper. 
Ryegrasses and Rape seed firm. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
September 3 oth. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices 
d St d 
s, a s, 
Apples... per J-sieve 105 
Grapes..per lb. 061 
6 o 
3 o 
2 6 
6 o 
o 9 
s. d. s. a, 
0 Pine apples. 
6 —St. Michael's, each 26 50 
Peaches .perdoz. 10 60 
Vegetables.—Average Retail Prices. 
dt s. d. s. d. 
Horse Radish, bundle 20 40 
Lettuces ...per dozen 10 16 
Mushrooms, p. basket 13 20 
Onions.per bunch 04 06 
Parsley ... per bunch o 6 
Radishes... per dozen i 6 
Smallsalading.punnet o 4 
Spinach, per strike ... 1 6 
Tomatos. per lb. 06 id 
3 o Turnips . per bun. o 6 
o 6 | 
Potatos.— Kent Regents, 80s. to 100s. per ton ; Kent Kidneys, 
80s. to ioos. per ton ; Champions, 70s. per ton. 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. d. 
Aralia Sieboldi ...doz. 6 0 
Bouvardias...per doz. 8 o 
Chrysanthemums,doz 6 o 
Coleus.per doz. 3 o 
Cyperus . per doz. 4 
Dracaena term., doz. 24 
Drac$naviridis,doz. 9 o 
Evergreens, invar. doz 6 o 
Ferns, invar.,per doz. 4 o 
St dt 
ArtichokesGlobe doz. 3 0 
Beans, French, perlb. 0 
Beet. per dozen 2 
Cabbages ... per doz. 1 
Carrots ... per bunch 0 
Cauliflowers,English, 
per doz. 3 
Celery. per bundle 2 
Cucumbers . each o 
Endive, French, doz. 2 
Herbs . per bunch o 
s. d. 
' 12 o 
12 o 
' 12 0 
6 o 
12 o 
• 36 o 
18 o 
24 o 
1 iS 0 
Foliage Plants, doz. 12 o 
Heliotrope, per doz. 4 o 
Hydrangea, per doz. 9 o 
Liliums,various, doz. 12 o 
Marguerites, per doz. 6 o 
Mignonette, per doz. 4 o 
Palms in variety, each 2 6 
Pelargoniums ... doz. 6 o 
— scarlet . per doz. 2 o 
Cut Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
d. s. d. 
0 
5 o 
6 o 
12 o 
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 3 
Asters, doz. bunches 3 
,, French „ „ 9 
Bouvardias, per bun. o 
Carnations, 12 blooms 10 20 
— per dozen bunches 40 60 
Chrysanthemums, 
doz. blooms 09 30 
Chrysanthemums. 
doz. bunches 4 o 12 0 
Dahlia, doz. bunches 20 40 
Eucharis ...per doz. 20 40 
Gardenias 12 blooms 16 40 
Gaillardia, doz. bun. 2 
Heliotropes, 12 sprays o 
Lavender, doz. bun. 4 
Lapageria, 12 blooms 10 3 
Lilium Harrisii, 
doz. blooms 306 
s. d. 
LiIiumsvar.,doz.blms. 1 o 
MaidenhairFem,i2bs.4 o 
Marguerites, 12 bun. 1 6 
Mignonette... 12 bun. 1 6 
Myosotis. .doz. bchs. 2 o 
Pansies, doz. bunches 1 o 
Pelargoniums, 12 sps. o 4 
— scarlet... 12 sprays o 3 
Primula, double, bun. o 6 
2 o , Pyrethrum, doz. bchs. 2 o 
4 o ; Roses, yellow, dozen 2 o 
4 o —mixed... doz. bchs. 1 6 
4 o | — Red.doz. bchs. 2 o 
40 — Saffrano...per doz. 0 6 
06 — Tea. . per dozen 1 o 
5 o Stephanotis, dz. spys, 
s. d. 
60 o 
6 o 
24 o 
30 o 
12 o 
6 o 
21 o 
9 o 
4 o 
s. d. 
2 o 
9 o 
4 o 
3 o 
4 o 
2 o 
o 9 
O 4 
I o 
4 o 
4 o 
4 o 
6 o 
1 o 
3 o 
Sweet Peas, doz. bhs. 1 
Tuberoses, per doz. o 
CONTELTTS. 
PAGE 
Antirrhinum Crimson Bed- 
der . 73 
Apple Culture . 72 
Aralia mandshurica 73 
Aster nemoralis . 73 
Berberris vulgaris . 73 
Chrysanthemum prospects 68 
Cucumbers, odour of. 67 
Daffodils. ^4 
• _ _ PAGE 
Oleana Haastn. 72 
Orchid Notes . 65 
Pinks, laced . 66 
Plants, new andTar?:::..Tr/ryi 
Potato disease, a remedy 
for the. 68 
Rosa Beggeriana. 73 
Roses, Autumn. 65 
Roses, the best new . 71 
Floriculture . 66 Roses, stocks for. 72 
1*— -n c. R. H. S. Journal, t .e . . 6^ 
Science Gleanings. 67 
Scottish Notes. 67 
Snowdrops, about . 66 
Spiraeas, the . .... gg 
Sunflower, Sutton’s Minia- 
Fruit Culture, small . 64 
Fruit Notes . 65 
Fruit, ripe rot of . 67 
Fruit trees true to name ... 70 
Gardeners Calendar. 74 
Grammatophvllum Fenzlii- 
anum, Osmer’s var. 65 
ture 
73 
Herbaceous Border,the. 70 Trees and Shrubs, hardy ... 69 
Insect absorbing Plants.63 Vegetable Garden,............ 73 
Lilium nepalense. 73 Victoria Park . 6q 
Marguerites, a substitute for 73 Woking Nursery, the. 76 
Market gardening . 66 
INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. 
Auction Sales. page 
J. O. Ash. 62 
Protheroe & Morris . 62 
J. C. Stevens. 62 
White & Sons . 62 
Bulbs. 
Barr & Son . 61 
H. Cannell & Sons. 63 
J. Carter & Co . 63 
Dicksons, Limited . 63 
Dobbie & Co . 61 
W. B. Hartland . 61 
Jarman & Co . 62 
E. H. Krelage & Son. 62 
H. Low & Co . 62 
Levenshuime Horticul¬ 
tural Co. 61 
Ant. Roozen & Son. 62 
R. Silberrad & Son. 61 
R. Smith & Co. 62 
Sutton & Sons. 61 
R. Sydenham . 61 
J. Veitch & Sons. 63 
E. Webb & Sons. 63 
B. S. Williams & Son ... 63 
J. W. Woodward. 75 
Chrysanthemums. 
H. J. Jones. 63 
Climbers. 
Jarman & Co. 62 
R. Smith & Co .. 62 
Ferns. 
W. & J. Birkenhead . 75 
J. Smith. 61 
R. Smith & Co. 62 
Florists’ Flowers. 
J. Burch. 61 
J. Downie . 61 
J. Peed & Sons . 61 
Thomson & Co . 63 
Fruit and Rose Trees. 
G- Jackman & Son. 63 
Jarman & Co . 62 
j. Le Cornu & Son. 62 
T. Rivers & Son. 63 
Garden Sundries, &o. 
J. Arnold . 61 
J. Bentley . 76 
Boundary Chemical Co.... 61 
W. H. Essery . 63 
Fisher & Sharpe. 76 
I PAOE 
Garden Sundries. Ac. 
Hirst, Brooke & Hirst ... 61 
Horticultural 4 : AgricuL 
tural Chemical Co . 76 
D. Pitt & Sons. 61 
R. Sankev & Son. 76 
C. G. Warne . 76 
Greenhouse Plants. 
J. W. Silver . 61 
Hardy Plants. 
H. English. 63 
Heating Apparatus. 
Jones & Attwood. 6t 
Thames Bank Iron Co.... 61 
C. Toope & Son . 75 
Horticultural Builders. 
J. Boyd & Sons . 61 
W. Cooper . 76 
J. Gray . 61 
A. Peel & Sons. 61 
W. Richardson & Co . 61 
J. Sendall & Co . 75 
J. Weeks & Co.. 6l 
Insecticides. 
Bridgford's Antiseptic ... 61 
Gishurst Compound . 61 
Picrena . 76 
Manures. 
Standen's . 61 
W. Thomson & Sons. 61 
E. S. Wiles & Co. 61 
Miscellaneous. 
Epps’Cocoa . 76 
Gtshurstine . 61 
A. Outram. 76 
Smyth's Orchid Baskets 61 
j Mushrooms. 
W. Cutbnsh & Son. 75 
; Orchids. 
Liverpool Horticultural 
Co . 62 
P. McArthur . 6i 
Seeds. 
R. Dean... 61 
Jarman & Co . 63 
R. B. Laird & Sons. 61 
Strawberries. 
W. Bentley . 61 
G. Bunyard & Co. 62 
R. Smith & Co. 63 
