-90 
OcLOoer 10, 1891. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
good plan to get the plants as early as possible, and 
so get them in flower before the appearance of the 
fogs. Dendrobium Wardianum, nobile, &c., may 
also be treated in this way, and so escape the danger 
of fogs. 
After the experience of last winter with Calanthes 
and Dendrobes it makes one consider if there ate 
any means by which we can obtain those plants in 
flower before the fogs become so destructive. I am 
at least trying what can be done in this way, and if 
we cannot get them to flower before the fogs become 
prevalent, Calanthe growing will have to be given 
up. Those who grow their plants in the fresh 
country air have not this disadvantage to Contend 
against, and can secure a grand display with 
Calanthes in the early months of the year, when 
flowers are valuable. 
The temperature of the houses with the approach. 
Of Cold weather may be gradually reduced, the cool 
house 50“! to 55° at night; the Cattleya house 6o Q to 
65° at night; and the hottest house 65® to 70 0 at 
night, with a corresponding rise with sun heat by 
day.— A. W. 
Odontoglossum grande. 
This fine old Odontoglot can be put to excellent 
purpose during the autumn months, when flowering 
Orchids are not particularly plentiful. The flowers 
are amongst the largest in the genus, measuring 5 in. 
to yin.across. Itisaspecies which amateurs, who have 
a moderate amount of heat at command, should add to 
their collections, for it responds to moderate 
amount of attention in an intermediate house such 
as that accorded the Cattleyas. Some years ago a 
quantity of small pseudo-bulbs were added to the 
collection at Devonhurst, and they soon attained a 
fine flowering size. For weeks past they have been 
quite gay, and notwithstanding their being taken 
into the rooms of the dwelling house, their duration 
has given great satisfaction. The flowers of the 
different pieces vary to some extent in the richness 
of the brown markings and bars on the bright shin¬ 
ing yellow ground colour. The lip in the more 
typical forms is spotted with brown on a creamy- 
yellow ground, but some of the plants have a white 
lip spotted with the usual hue. 
lonopsis paniculata. 
The individual flowers of this Orchid have been 
compared to those of a Violet, to which they bear a 
slight resemblance; but it is only when seen in the 
aggregate that their beauty becomes manifest. Well 
established plants throw up a panicle of bloom, 
which is very graceful owing to the slender nature 
of the branches. The sepals and petals are white, 
the latter being veined with purple in addition. The 
lip is similar, but has a violet blotch towards the 
base, giving tone and character to the whole. Some 
cultivators grow it on a block, but great care is 
necessary to maintain it in robust health all the year 
round when grown in that way. The sphagnum 
surrounding it has to be kept continually moist at all 
times. An easier method of keeping it in this con¬ 
dition would be to grow it in small baskets 
suspended from the roof, as is done in the nursery of 
Messrs. H. Low & Co., Clapton, where plants have 
been flowering for some time past. The species is a 
native of Brazil, and requires a stove temperature. 
Pilumna Wageneri. 
The flowers of this species are much smaller than 
either those of P. fragrans or P. nobilis, and the re¬ 
flexed sepals and petals are of a pale green. The 
lip is a large and more ornamental organ, obovate, 
emarginate, toothed at the margin, and pure white 
with an orange-yellow .spot in the throat. It flowers 
in September, and might find admirers amongst 
those who are fond of Trichopilias. The species of 
Pilumna do not differ very much from Trichopilia, 
and are now included in the latter genus by botanists. 
The subject of this note is now flowering in the 
nursery of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., at Clapton. 
WHAT TO DO IN THE GARDEN. 
lxoras. — A considerable amount of cut flowers 
may yet be obtained from good sized plants of Ixora, 
provided they are kept in a genial growing tempera 
ture of 700 by night. In feeding with liquid manure 
give it frequently, but in a highly diluted state. 
Cuttings taken now and rooted in strong heat will 
make nice little flowering plants by summer. 
Camellias. — Get all plants under cover at once if 
it has not already been done. If any plants look 
pale and sickly owing to the overcrowded nature of 
their roots, they may now receive a shift provided 
the buds are well set. A clear inch of fresh soil all 
round the old ball will be quite sufficient. Press it 
down moderately firm with a blunt-pointed stick and 
water with care for the first few months, till the roots 
take a good hold of the fresh soil. 
Hyacinths. —A second batch of Roman Hyacinths 
should now be potted or put into boxes according to 
requirements, to succeed those which have already 
made roots, and are begun to push up their crowns. 
The earlier varieties of the large flowering kinds 
should also be potted now, using a good rich compost. 
Single flowered varieties are generally found the most 
useful, for early work especially. One good bulb in a 
5-in. or 6-in. pot generally looks better than a greater 
number in large pots, and is more suitable for decora¬ 
tive purposes. 
Gladioli, Tulips, &c. — For pot culture the 
varieties of Gladiolus Colvillei are found most useful, 
including The Bride with white flowers, and other 
delicately coloured and spotted varieties. Freesias 
are indispensable either for cut flowers or decorative 
work in pots. Early-flowering Tulips of the Due 
Van Thol type had better be potted at once to furnish 
the first batch of flowering plants for conservatory 
work. The Paper White Narcissus is also indispen¬ 
sable for early work. 
Bedding Calceolarias. — Cuttings of this class of 
plants may be put in now, selecting those cuttings 
which are short, and may be pulled off with a heel. 
Cold frames or turf pits are most suitable. Make up 
a bed of light sandy soil about 4 in. deep, press it 
firmly and insert the cuttings moderately closely in 
lines. Give a good watering to settle the soil about 
the cuttings, and put on the light, keeping them close 
for a few days until all danger of flagging is over. 
Shading will not be necessary unless the sun is bright. 
Alternantheras. — The best way to preserve 
stock both of this class of plants and also Lobelias 
is to keep six or a dozen of each kind in pots, or 
more as the requirements of the place demand it. 
These should have been potted up at the time the 
others were put in the open ground. If such has 
been done the flower stems should be cut off in order 
to get a low growth of young shoots. They would 
keep all the better if this cutting down were done 
earlier in the season. In the event of no stock being 
in pots a number of plants should be put singly into 
60-size pots, making the soil firm about the roots. 
Cut off the flower stems, but do not denude the 
plants of foliage until the roots have taken to the 
fresh soil. The flowering tops only of the Alteman- 
theras need be taken off. 
Questions add Ansuuens. 
Names of Plants. — J.C.: 1, Euonymus japoni- 
cusfoliis variegatis ; 2, Cedrus Deodara ; 3, Negundo 
aceroides variegata; 4, Retinospora plumosa; 5, 
Retinospora pisifera; 6, Retinospora plumosa 
aurea. Pyrus: 6, Polypodium plesiosorum, 
var., usually called Goniophlebium appendi- 
culatum in gardens; 7, Pellionea pulchella. 
Gifford: 1, Phormium tenax ; 2, Coronilla Emerus ; 
3, Kerria japonicaflore pleno ; 4, see separate answer ; 
5, Taxus baccata elegantissima; 6. Rudbeckia 
speciosa, often called R. Newmanni in gardens ; 7, 
Helianthus rigidus, often called Harpalium rigidum ; 
8, Blechnum occidentale. A. C.: Lycesteria for- 
mosa. Rose: 1. Pteris tremula; 2, Asplenium 
bulbiferum; 3, . Polypodium sp. (next week); 4, 
Asplenium Filix-fsemina; 5, Asplenium Fabianum ; 
6, Pteris umbrosa; 7, Nephrolepis cordifolia; 8, 
Woodwardia radicans-; 9, Sedum spectabile; 10, 
Alonsoa incisa ; 11, Jasminum grandiflora. 
Border Carnations.— Having seen some lovely 
beds and borders of these I should be glad if some 
enthusiast in their culture would give me the names 
of a couple of dozen varieties suitable for cutting.— 
B. L. 
Imperfect Leaves of Chrysanthemums.— 
Gifford : The specimen you sent us had its leaves 
partly eaten, evidently by the caterpillars of some 
moth ; but we suppose you refer to their imperfect 
development and bract-like condition. Some varie¬ 
ties habitually produce leaves of that kind for some 
distance below the flower heads; and if others do so 
occasionally it may be spoken of as a freak of 
growth. It would seem as if the mild wet weather 
had started them into a second growth after the 
flower buds were set, and in their efforts to elongate 
some of the bracts have enlarged, resembling leaves. 
This should not, however, interfere with their flower¬ 
ing provided the buds are well set. The bud on the 
specimen you sent us was injured by one of the green 
plant bugs which hid away amongst the young leaves 
for some days after we received the specimen. We 
should advise you to look over them frequently to 
see whether they are much infested in that way. 
Horse chestnut leaves.— Omega : It is impossible 
from leaves merely to say what your trees are. We 
can detect a difference easily between the two kinds, 
but we have known considerable variation even 
amongst the leaves on different branches of the same 
tree. That labelled No. 2 appears to us to be the 
Reddish flowered Horse chestnut or Buck-eye 
(CEsculus rubicunda). The leaflets were shorter, 
broader, and much more closely arranged than those 
of the other specimens. Failing that tree, it must 
simply be a variety of the common Horse chestnut 
(CEsculus Hippocastanum), and might be named CE. 
H. compacta. What about the flowers ? 
Hot-water Pipes. — Omega : Provided the house 
is not very wide, we should make the pipes go up 
one side of the house and down the other just under 
the edge of the central staging. That would heat 
the house and leave the sides free to plant Roses or 
other climbers as you may think fit. If, of course, 
the house is a wide one, and you have side stages of 
moderate width, it would economise fire-heat to put 
the pipes under the side stages leaving plenty of 
room for climbers behind them without the stems of 
the same being too close to the pipes. The points 
to be observed are economy of heating and economy 
of space. Of course it is always most economical of 
fuel to put the pipes round the sides of the house, 
because the cold air gets somewhat heated when 
passing over the pipes into the interior of the house. 
If the latter is narrow, then the heat will radiate to 
the sides as far as is necessary. 
Garden Edging. —In answer to " T. K.,” I may 
say that I think nothing could be better for his pur¬ 
pose than the Westmoreland Slate Edging Tiles,to be 
obtained from Mr. G. H. Pattinson, Applethwaite 
Fell Slate Quarry, Windermere. The edges are self or 
natural and do not break. They are made in various 
lengths, and from 9 in. to 14 in. deep, and from § to 
1 in. thick. They are extensively used by the well 
known landscape gardener of Windermere, Mr. T. 
H. Mawson.— E. E. 
Names of Fruits. — H . J . S . : 1, Fondante 
d'Autumne; 3, Williams’ Bon Chretien ; 4, Durandeau. 
P.M.: 1, Mank’s Codlin; 3, Lord Suffield; 5, 
Hawthornden ; 6, Early Julien ; 7, Nonsuch. Perth : 
Plum, Victoria; Apples, 2, Warner’s King. The 
others were too small to be identified. Pyrus: 1, 
Colonel Vaughan ; 2, not recognised ; 3, Nonsuch; 4, 
too small; 5, Margil. J. B.: 1, Coe’s Golden Drop ; 
2, Next week; 3, Poupart’s Plum ; 4, Victoria ; 6, 
Not recognised, and worthless. 
Elephant Plant. — T. C. S. : The plant you have 
got is probably Cotyledon gibbiflora metallica, 
commonly called Echeveria metallica, but we should 
not say for certain without seeing a characteristic 
leaf. If it is really that plant, the flowers should be 
orange-red tipped with yellow. It should be kept in 
a dry greenhouse during winter where frost is entirely 
kept out, and if the temperature is kept up to about 
45 0 so much the better. The Elephant’s Ear, is a 
name applied to Begonia rex, its varieties, and to 
some other allied kinds. Elephant's Foot is applied 
to Testitudinaria elephantipes, but we think it very 
unlikely that you may have got that plant. 
Myrsiphyllum asparagoides.— T. C . S . : This 
plant is not as a rule grown for the sake of its 
flowers, which are small and greenish white. The 
foliage is the ornamental part, the stems being allow¬ 
ed to run up wire, or sometimes pieces of twine, 
when the intention is to cut it for decorative pur¬ 
poses. A compost of good fibrous loam, a quantity 
of leaf soil, and a liberal allowances of sand will suit 
the plant quite well. It must be established and 
allowed to get to good size before you can expect 
any flowers to be produced. A fernhouse is the best 
place for it. Not being a delicate plant it can be 
grown either in a cool or a warm fernery, but it will 
grow more rampantly in the warm place where the 
atmosphere can be kept tolerably moist. The foli¬ 
age will always be of a warmer and richer green 
under those conditions, and you could cut more 
specimens for decorative purposes. 
Keeping Pears. — J.A.H. : Your best plan would 
be to wrap the pears carefully and separately in soft 
paper and place them in single laj'ers, in drawers or 
boxes, in a cool room with an equable temperature. 
Communications Received.— H. C. Z. — J. W. — 
B. L.—R. G. W.—R. B.—Experience.—Sir C. J.— 
T. J. B.—T. N.—R. D.—J. K.—A. H —J. C. & Co. 
—C. M.—P. M. 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
E. S. Dodwell, Stanley Road, Oxford.—New 
Carnations, Picotees, &c. 
James Walters, Mount Radford Nurseries, 
Exeter.—Catalogue of Roses. 
LONDON SEED TRADE. 
October 6 th. 
Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, and 39, 
Seed Market, Mark Lane, report Winter Tares and 
Rye in full supply. Trade dull and prices in buyers 
favor. Rye grasses easier. Clover seed neglected, 
Values unchanged. 
