100 
QciOoer 17, 1891. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
faf the weather and the moist nature of the soil. A 
inulching of old hot r bed riiaiiufe Wotild gfeatiy favour 
the establishment of newly-made plantations. The 
soil between the rows should occasionally be hoed 
during dry weather, not merely to keep it clean but* 
to keep it in a loose condition and allow the free 
passage of surface water and the aerating of the soil 
during winter. 
Celery and Leeks—Take advantage of dry 
Weather to earth up such things as Celery and 
Leeks. The early crops may now receive a final 
earthing up ; but late crops may yet be expected to 
make a considerable amount of growth and should 
be treated accordingly. Leeks will also attain a con¬ 
siderable size yet provided the weather remains open. 
Beetroot. — Being one of the roots most suscep¬ 
tible to injury, great care should be exercised in 
lifting them not to break any of the leading roots, 
otherwise they will bleed to the injury of the quality 
of the vegetable. In cutting oft the tops do not in 
.'any way injure the crown. Store in moist sand in a 
dry cool shed or cellar where frost will be all but ex¬ 
cluded in severe weather. 
Carrots.—The main crop may be lifted and 
stored in the same way as Beetroot, provided they 
have ceased growing, a fact which may be determined 
by the condition of the foliage. The operation 
should be performed in dry weather so that the 
roots may come out of the soil clean. The moist 
sand will then be sufficient to keep them plump, and 
the convenience of getting at them in wunter is great. 
Cabbages.—Prepare a piece of ground for 
planting the main crop of spring Cabbages. The 
soil should be freely manured, dug, and allowed to 
settle before planting. The smaller kinds such as 
Ellam’s Early, Veitch’s Earliest of All, Wheeler's 
Imperial, Little Pixie, and others, may be planted-at 
g in. apart in the row if the intention is to pull every 
alternate one for use in the young state. 
_ - 
♦ 
Questions add ansuieRS. 
Names of Plants. — Ferns: i, Bleehnum occiden- 
tale; 2, Asplenium flaccidum; 3, Nephrolepis 
exaltata; 4, Adiantumformosum; 5, Aspleniumbulbi- 
ferum. T. H. B. : 1, Adiantum macrophyllum ; 2 
and 5, Adiantum hispidulum ; 3, Polypodium Billar- 
dieri ; 4, Aspidium angulare proliferum ; 6, Pteris 
creticaalbo-lineata ; 7, Nephrodium Molle; 8, Pteris 
serrulata; g, Gymnogramme calomelanos rar. Fife 
Reader: Maxillaria grandiflora. J. Ward: i, Achi> 
menes garden var. ; 2, Achimenes rosea ; 3, Begonia 
insignis; 4, Begonia Ascotensis; 5, Centranthus 
ruber ; 6, Polygonum affine. J. Ross : Campanula- 
pumilla alba. Constant Reader : 1, Retinospora plu- 
mosa aurea; 2, Thuyopsis dolobrata; 3, Thuya 
orientalis (there is no colour in the specimen you 
.sent to show that it is the variety T. o. aurea). If 
the plant is narrow and cojumnar in habit, then it is 
the variety T. o. elegantissima ; if short, broad and 
bushy and yellow in spring, then it is T. o. aurea); 
4, Abies Nordmanniana; 5, Sequoia gigantea, gene¬ 
rally known in gardens as Wellingtonia gigantea. 
Gifford: 1, Passiflora macrocarpa. Cut the fruits 
when they begin to get yellow, and then treat them 
like the fruits of a Melon if you want to eat them ; 
2, Lysimachia vulgaris ; 3, Tsuga Albertii probably ; 
4, Libocedrus, species not recognised; 6, Taxus 
baccata aurea probably, specimen not in character; 
6, Taxus baccata elegantissima ; 7, juvenile state of 
some Pinus, probably P. insignis, but not in character; 
8, a seedling of the Norway Spruce, not in character. 
It is impossible to identify Conifers from such bits. 
Allan Cameron: 1, Cornus sanguinea ; 2, not recog¬ 
nised, could you send fruit ?; 3, Juniperus chinensis, 
male plant; 4, Thuyopsis dolobrata ; 5, Tradescantia 
sp. 
Names of Fruits. — H. J. S.: i, Pear Durandeau ; 
2, Cellini; 3, Emperor Alexander; 4, Caroline; 
G. J. : 2, Pine Golden Pippin ; 4, Beurre Bachelier ; 
5, Knight’s Monarch ; 6, Catillac ; 7, PasseColmar.; 
8, Beurre Ranee. M. W. : Apple, King Pippin . 
Clapp's Favourite. 
Garden Edging. —For neatness and durability 
nothing can equal for this purpose what is known by 
.geologists as the Elland or Greenmore flagrock, a 
valuable sandstone strata, which is so extensively 
quarried in the vicinity of Halifax, Elland and Brig- 
'house in Yorkshire. I would advise " T. H." of 
-Manchester to write Messrs. Marshall & Walker, 
•Elland Edge, near Brighouse, and ask for quotations, 
thickness, depth, dressed or undressed, etc. The 
latter are simply the flags uncut, and " T. H.” could 
get his own local mason to cut and finish them off 
under his own supervision. Thousands of square 
yards are weekly sent into the provinces from those 
localities by turnpike, rail, and boat.— B . L. 
Grubs on Roots of Monoch.etum, Primulas, 
&c.—C. J. W.: The grubs you sent us are those of 
some species of Weevil, probably Otiorhynchus 
.picipes or O. tenebricosuspfor both are very des¬ 
tructive to garden plants in the larva state by eating 
the roots, and in the perfect state by eating the 
young stems and leaves. Their larvae or grubs, as 
well as of other species, are very much alike,.and we 
should be pleased to receive some of the perfect 
weevils which you ill ay ns doubt find concealed 
Under stones, clods, in crevices of walls and similar 
places. Lay down pieces of board, tiles, and other 
traps, which will serve as a harbour for them. 
Examine the traps every morning and kill the wee¬ 
vils found. O. picipes is clay coloured, and O, 
tenebricosus is black, with red legs. Stop up all 
crevices with cement, and remove all means of con¬ 
cealment possible, with exception of the traps. By 
these means you will be able to keep them in check. 
The only way you can get at the grubs is to turn out 
the plants attacked and repot them, killing the grubs 
at the same time. The perfect insects lay their eggs 
about August, and the grubs feed on roots till April, 
when they pass into the pupa state and hatch out 
perfect in fourteen days. 
Grubs on roots of Auriculas and Begonias. — 
Rev. R. W. : The grubs you sent us are the same as 
those sent us by C. J. W., and which had been eating 
the roots of his plants of Monochaetum and Primula. 
For remedies, &c., see answer above. 
Fern to Name. — Rose: The specimens you sent 
were those of a species of Nephrodium, not Poly¬ 
podium ; and as several of the Nephrodiums differ 
merely in size and division but not in structure, 
would you kindly inform us whether the specimens 
sent were entire forms or only branches of a frond. 
Grubs Killing Scotch Fir, &c.— L. : There are 
numerous weevils and other beetles which attack the 
Scotch Fir and other Conifers at various ages. A 
large number of them attack the bark either exter¬ 
nally or burrow into it both in the larva and perfect 
state. Judging from the behaviour of the grubs in 
eating the roots not only of the Scotch Fir but also 
those of Cabbages on the same ground the following 
year, we should doubt whether it be any of the 
Conifer beetles at all. The grubs or larvae you sent 
look like young specimens of the common Cockchafer 
or May Bug (Melolontha vulgaris). If so they will 
get three or four times their present size before 
spring, and continue doing damage up to that time. 
To get rid of them you should encourage rooks and 
starlings on the ground, or keep some tame gulls or 
even poultry on the ground during the winter 
months. Another method is to dig up the ground in 
winter, thus exposing the grubs to rooks and 
starlings, while a large number of them could of 
course be collected in the process of digging, 
Another and more wholesale method would be to 
give the ground a good coating of fresh gas lime, 
forking it in lightly. Of course the ground must not 
be planted with anything for at least a month or six 
weeks afterwards, till the chemical changes which 
which take place in the gas lime render it harmless 
to plant life. It will kill a large proportion of the 
grubs, and afterwards act as a fertiliser of the 
soil. 
Suckers on Peach Trees. — J. Ward: The 
suckers are developed on the roots of the stock upon 
which your Peach trees are grafted, probably 
one of the several varieties of Plum. The suckers 
might be pulled up if you could make certain of 
getting them clean away Many of them break, 
however, in the operation, and a better plan would 
be to remove the soil carefully where the suckers are 
growing so as to uncover the roots from whence 
they spring. They might then be pulled away with the 
heel by which they are attached to the roots, so as 
to make sure of removing all the buds which may be 
clustering at their base. If this should endanger 
the roots on account of the size or strength of the 
suckers, you might cut them away as close to the 
roots as possible with a sharp knife. The presence 
of suckers is certainly no advantage to the tree, and 
still less to the production of fruit ; for v'hile the 
roots are supporting suckers, the rest of the tree is 
being starved. The removal of suckers should be as 
closely attended to as disbudding, and that too before 
they get to any size. 
Communications Received. —A. B.—J. D. — 
G. M.—R. G. W.—H. G., Berwick-on-Tweed (we 
shall be happy to insert your note when it is 
authenticated with your name and address) — J. A.— 
W. B. G.—J. R., and A. L. (next week). — Sir C. I. 
♦ 3 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
E. H. Krelage & Son, Haarlem, Holland.— 
Descriptive List of " Darwin ” Tulips. 
Charles Toope & Son, Stepney Square, Stepney 
Green, E. — Hot-water Heating Apparatus, Fog 
Annihilator, &c. 
Fred. \V. Kelsey, 145, Broadway, New York, — 
Choice Trees, Shrubs, and Hardy Plants. 
J. Cheal & Sons, Lowfield Nursery, Crawley, 
Sussex.—Trees and Shrubs, Fruit Trees, &c. 
Dammann & Co, San Giovanni a Teduccio, near 
Naples.—Wholesale price list of Flower and Vege¬ 
table Seeds. 
-- 
LONDON SEED TRADE. 
October 12th, 1891. 
Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152 , Houndsditch, and 39 , 
Seed Market, Mark Lane, report little business doing 
in Trifolium, Tares or Rye. White , Clover in Ger¬ 
many is higher owing to Hamburg merchants specu¬ 
lating. Other varieties of Clover seed unchanged. 
Ryegrasses steady. 
SOVENT GARDEN MARKET, 
Qctobey zUh, 
fRuiT;—A vErAge Wholesale Prices 
s. d s. d . 
Apples.. 
Cobbs.., 
Grapes 
per A*sieve i o 
per 100 lbs. 35 o 
.per lb. o 6 
3 o 
1 6 
s. d. 5 . ai 
Pine apples. 
—St. Michael’s, each 26 50 
Peaches .perdoz. 10 60 
Vegetables.—Average Retail Prices, 
j. d. s. d. 
ArtichokesGlobe doz. 
Beans, French, perlb. 0 4 
Beet.per dozen 2 o 
Cabbages ... per doz. 1 6 
Carrots ... per bunch o 6 
Cauliflowers,English, 
per doz. 3 o 
Celery.per bundle 2 6 
Cucumbers .each o 6 
Endive, French, doz. 2 6 
Herbs .per bunch o 2 
6 o 
6 0 
o 9 
3 o 
o 6 
Horse Radish, bundle 2 o 
Lettuces ...per dozen 1 o 
Mushrooms, p. basket 1 3 
Onions.per bunch o 4 
Parsley ... per bunch o 6 
Radishes... per dozen 1 6 
Smallsalading,punnet o 4 
Spinach, per strike ...16 
Tomatos. perlb. o 6 
Turnips.per bun. o 6 
s. di 
4 o 
1 6 
2 o 
o 6 
Potatos. —Kent Regents, 80s. to 100s. per ton; Kent Kidneys, 
80s. to 100s. per ton ; Champions, 70s. per ton. 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. d 
Aralia Sieboldi ...doz. 6 0 12 o 
Bouvardia5...per doz. 8 o 12 o 
Chrysanthemums,doz 6 o 12 o 
— large .per doz.12 o 24 o 
Coleus.per doz. 30 60 
Cyperus .per doz. 40120 
Dracaena term., doz. 24 o 36 o 
Dracsenaviridis,doz. 9 0 iS o 
Evergreens,invar.doz 6 o 24 o 
s. d. s. d. 
Ferns, invar..per doz. 4 o iS o 
Foliage Plants, doz, 12 o 60 o 
Helioirope, per doz. 40 60 
Liliums, various, doz. 12 o 30 o 
Marguerites, per doz. 60120 
Mignonette, per doz. 40 60 
Palms in variety.each 2 6 21 o 
Pelargoniums ... doz. 60 90 
—scarlet.per doz. 20 40 
Cut Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. d, 
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 3 o 
Asters, doz. bunches 4 o 
— French „ „ 90 
Bouvardias, per bnn. o 6 
Carnations, 12 blooms 1 0 
— per dozen bunches 4 o 
Chrysanthemums, 
doz. blooms o 9 
Chrysanthemums. 
doz. bunches 4 o 
Dahlia, doz. bunches 2 0 
Buchans ...per doz. 2 o 
Gardenias 12 blooms 1 6 
Gaillardia, doz. bun. 2 0 
Heliotropes,12 sprays 0 3 
Lapageria, 12 blooms 1 0 
Lilac, French, 
per bunch 5 0 
Lilium Harrisii, 
doz. blooms 3 0 
Liliumsvar.,doz.blms. 1 o 
s. d. 
5 o 
6 o 
12 o 
1 o 
2 o 
6 o 
3 o 
s. d. s. d. 
MaidenhairFem,i2bs.4 090 
Marguerites, 12 bun. 1 6 
Mignonette... 12 bun. 1 6 
Myosotis. .doz. bchs. 2 o 
Parme Violets, 
French, per bun. 1 6 
Dark „ „ „ 10 
Pelargoniums, 12 sps. o 4 
— scarlet... 12 sprays 4 o 
Primula, double, bun. 0 6 
Pyrethrum, doz. bchs. 2 o 
Roses, yellow, dozen 2 o 
— mixed... doz. bchs. 1 6 
— Red.doz. bchs. 2 o 
— Saffrano...per doz. o 6 
— Tea.per dozen 1 o 
Stephanotis, dz. spys. 2 0 
Sweet Peas, doz. bhs. 1 6 
Tuberoses, per doz. 03 
Violets, English 
per bunch 1 6 
4 o 
3 o 
4 o 
2 6 
2 o 
o 9 
6 o 
1 o 
o 
o 
0 
o 
o 
o 
0 
0 
6 
OONTEITTS. 
PAGE 
Berberis vulgaris . ....... gg 
Calluma vulgaris incana ...104 
Campanula pumila alba ...104 
Cape Bulbs . 98 
Cattleya aurea marmol'ata 105 
CcdrUs Allantlca glauca ... 99 
Chiswick Conferences, the 102 
Chrysanthemum prospects 100 
Cockscomb, the wild. 99 
Conifer Conference . 95 
Cuphea viscosissima.104 
Cupressus Lawsoniana al- 
lumi . 99 
Dahlias as border flowers... 98 
Elm with red cambium. 99 
Floriculture . 98 
Fruit culture, Hardy.104 
Fruit Notes .105 
PAGS 
Gardeners' Calendar ..105 
Gardening cricketers.ioi 
Geum miniatum .104 
Hardy Perennial, what is a ? 97 
Hardy Trees and Shrubs... 99 
KadsUra Japonica. ,104 
Ltelia Perrinli .103 
Michaelmas Daisies.93 
Orchid Notes .103 
Pine apples in Florida.101 
Plums, preserved . 93 
Potato disease, the.103 
Science Gleanings.. gg 
Scottish Notes. 97 
Societies....... 
Vine borders. 97 
Violas, bedding .104 
INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. 
Auction Sales- page j 
J, o. Ash...94; Greenhouse Plants. 
Protheroe & Morris . 94 
J. C. Stevens. 94 
Bulbs. 
Barr & Son .93 
H. Cannell & Sons. 93 
J. Carter & Co. 95 
Dicksons, Limited.107 
Dobbie & Co. 93 
W. B. Hartland . 93 
Jarman & Co. 94 
E. H. Krelage & Son.107 
T. Lane . 93 
H. Low & Co. 94 
Levenshulme Horticul¬ 
tural Co. 93 
Ant. RooEen & Son. 94 
Ryder & Son. 107 
S. Shepperson.T07 
R. Silberrad & Son. 93 
R. Smith & Co. 94 
R. Sydenham . 93 
J. Veitch & Sons. 95 
B. S. Williams & Son ... 93 
J. W. Woodward.107 
Chrysanthemums. 
H. J. Jones. 95 
Climbers. 
Jackman & Son . 95 
Jarman & Co... 94 
R. Smith & Co....„. 94 
Cut Flowers. 
Saddington & Co. 93 
Ferns. 
W. & J. Birkenhead .107 
J. Smith. 93 
Florists’ Flowers. 
M. Campbell. 93 
E. S. Dodwell .T07 
Mr. Lane . 93 
J. Peed & Sons. 93 
H. Pomroy . 94 
Thomson & Co. 94 
Fruit and Rose Trees. 
G. Jackman & Son. 95 
Jarman & Co. 94 j 
J. Le Cornu & Son.107 
T. Rivers & Son.107 
R. Smith & Co. 94 j 
Garden Sundries, <fco. 
J. Arnold. 93 j 
J. Bentley.107 
Boundary Chemical Co. 93 
Hirst, Brooke & Hirst ... 93 
D. Pitt & Sons. 93 
R. Sankey & Son.10S 
C, G. Warne.107 
93 
... 93 
... 93 
..to? 
J. W. Silver . gj 
J. Smith. 93 
B. S. Williams & Son ... 93 
Hardy Plants. 
H. English. 93 
Heating Apparatus. 
Jones & Attwood. 93 
T. Roberts.108 
Thames Bank Iron Co.... 93 
C. Toope & Son .107 
Horticultural Builders. 
J. Boyd & Sons. 93 
W. Cooper.108 
J- Gray . 93 
A. Peel & Sons. 93 
W. Richardson & Co. 93 
J. Weeks & Co..... 
Insecticides. 
Bridgford’s Antiseptic 
Gishurst Compound . 
Picrena .». 
Manures. 
Standen’s . 93 
W. Thomson & Sons...... 93 
Miscellaneous. 
Epps’Cocoa . ..108 
Gishurstine . 93 
Hicks & Co.107 
A. Outram.107 
Smyth’s Orchid Baskets 93 
Mushrooms. 
W. Cutbush & Son.,..107 
Orchids. 
Liverpool Horticultural 
Co. 94 
P. McArthur ... 93 
Roses. 
G. W. Boothby . 93 
H. Cannell & Sons. 95 
J. Walters. 93 
Seeds. 
R. Dean... 93 
Jarman & Co . 94 
R. B. Laird & Sons. 93 
R. Smith & Co. 94 
Strawberries. 
W. Bentley . 93 
G. Bunyard & Co. 94 
Mr. Lane . 93 
Tubers. 
G. A. Pauls . 93 
Sutton & Sons. 93 
